Natural Products

Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil.

Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.

Silibinin (silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarina compound extracted from the seeds of the herb milk thistle.

Silymarin (Silibinin B) inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder tumor growth and progression possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.

Sinomenine(Cucoline) is traditionally used in herbal medicine in these countries, as a treatment for rheumatism and arthritis.

Sodium danshensu is a sodium salt of danshensu from the widely used Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that danshensu possessed diverse pharmacological effects, including relaxation of coronary artery, anticoagulation, protection of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmia activities

Solanesol is isolated from tobacco leaves, and is a high molecular weight isoprenoid alcohol.

Stigmasterol, which is readily obtainable from soybean oil, can be transformed easily to progesterone and to other hormones.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) is an amine compound commonly used for weight loss.

Tangeretin (Tangeritin) is an O-polymethoxylated flavone that is found in tangerine and other citrus peels. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) strengthens the cell wall and acts as a plant's defensive mechanism against disease-causing pathogens. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) also shows enormous potential as an anti cancer agent.

Tanshinones are the major bioactive compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) roots, which are used in many therapeutic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine.

Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the major extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on many diseases.

Taxifolin is found to bind at the ATP-binding site on VEGFR-2 kinase with large value of binding energy and act as type I competitive inhibitor.

Tetrahydropapaverine, one of the TIQs and an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has been reported to have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons.

Tetrandrine is a calcium channel blocker. It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells.Tetrandrine has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic actions, which make tetrandrine and related compounds potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Theobromine(3,7-Dimethylxanthine) is a xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.

Troxerutin(Trihydroxyethylrutin) is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is more accurately a hydroxyethylrutoside. It can be isolated from Sophora japonica, the japanese pagoda tree.It is used as a vasoprotective.

Ursolic acid(Malol) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, used in cosmetics, that is also capable of inhibiting various types of cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway and human fibrosarcoma cells by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by acting through the glucocorticoid receptor.

Vanillylacetone is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol. It is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas.

Xanthone is an organic compound. It can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide. Xanthone is also used in the preparation of xanthydrol, which is used in the determination of urea levels in the blood

Yohimbine hydrochloride (Antagonil) is a α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.52, 8.00 and 9.17 for human α2A, α2B and α2C receptors respectively)

β-sitosterol reduces blood levels of cholesterol, and is sometimes used in treating hypercholesterolemia. β-Sitosterol inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine. When the sterol is absorbed in the intestine, it is transported by lipoproteins and incorporated into the cellular membrane.

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars.

Astragaloside A is a novel regulator of HIF-1α and angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs that are exposed to hypoxia.

10-Deacetylbaccatin-III is an intermediate for taxol analog preparations.10-Deacetylbaccine III is an antineoplastic agent and an anti-cancer intermediate.

Walrycin B is a novel antibacterial compound specifically targeting the essential WalR response regulator.

Paeoniflorin is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanidin, a common plant pigment, found in pigmented fruits and vegetable.

Schisandrin B is the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baillon or Wu-Wei-Zi (transliterally meaning "the fruit of five tastes" in Chinese), which is a commonly used tonic herb in Chinese medicine, particularly for the treatment of liver ailments.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA topoisomerase by enacting strand breaks in chromosomal DNA and inducing apoptosis.

Rotundine (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid which has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.

Cynarin is a phenolic compound found in artichoke. It has antioxidant and choleretic properties. It is a potential immunosuppressive agent.

Gingerol, a phenolic substance and a potent cardiotonic agent isolated from the rhizome of ginger, has been shown to stimulate the Ca2+-pumping activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbits in a concentration-dependent manner.

Verbascoside is isolated from Lantana camara, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity.

Agnuside is an known iridoid glycoside found in Vitex herbs or plants. Agnuside exhibits estrogen-like activities as it interacts with estrogen receptors (ER-alpha) and estrogen receptor-regulated pregesterone receptors.

Alliin is a cysteine sulfoxide constituent of garlic that is converted by alliinase to allicin, which imparts its pungent aroma and flavor.

Amentoflavone inhibits vascularization of tumors by blocking the activity of angiogenic VEGFs.

Apiin, a major flavonoid component of celery, shows antiinflammatory activity mediated through inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and inhibition of iNOS expression.

Arctiin has shown to be a suppressor of cyclin D1 protein expression in multiple types of human tumor cells, such as osteosarcoma, lung, colorectal, cervical, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer

Asiaticoside (Madecassol) is the active chemical component of the plant Centella asiatica. Asiaticoside is used to study potential treatments for wounds and burns.

Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively. Anti-cancer activity.

Resibufogenin is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor.

Bufotalin is a less potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor than other bufadienolides. Potent immunosuppressor.

Caftaric acid is a non-flavanoid that impacts the color of white wine.

Carnosic acid is a diterpene compound exhibiting antioxidative, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metabolic disorder, and hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities.

(-)-Catechin gallate is an antioxidant constituent of green tea. At uM concentrations, inhibits VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.

Catechin is a natural flavonoid that has chemopreventive and antitumor properties.