NMDA Receptors

SDZ 220-581 ammonium salt is a potent, competitive antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype(pKi= 7.7).

(S)-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA).

L-701324 is an orally active and long acting anticonvulsant with high affinity and selectivity for the glycine site on the NMDA receptor,

CIQ is a subunit-selective potentiator of NMDA receptors containing the NR2C or NR2D subunit.

MN-05 is a dual neuroprotective and vasodilatory inhibitor of the NMDA receptor. By blocking calcium influx, it reduces free radical production and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential in cortical neurons exposed to glutamate. Additionally, MN-05 exhibits vasodilatory effects by dilating aortic rings in response to phenylephrine-induced contraction. This compound demonstrates protective properties against glutamate-induced neuronal injury in vitro, making it valuable for research in neurodegenerative diseases.

Creatinine acts as a GABAA and NMDA receptor modulator, demonstrating antioxidant properties and metabolic regulation. It is produced through the non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle, making its serum levels an important biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes. Creatinine is utilized in evaluating perioperative renal risk and has applications in research on neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute and chronic kidney injury, and renal failure. Additionally, it can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase, highlighting its role in metabolic studies.

Memantine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). It has been shown to modulate excitotoxicity and is utilized in research studies focused on moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). This compound is essential for exploring pathways related to neurodegeneration and cognitive function.

Orphenadrine hydrochloride is a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier with a Ki of 6.0 μM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in alleviating stiffness, pain, and discomfort related to muscle strains, sprains, and injuries. Additionally, it serves as an adjunct therapy for tremors in Parkinson’s disease and exhibits neuroprotective properties, making it valuable in research on neurodegenerative disorders.

Procyclidine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist with additional NMDA antagonist properties. It is primarily utilized in research related to Parkinson's disease and associated psychiatric disorders, including Soman-induced epilepsy. Procyclidine’s mechanism of action facilitates investigations into cholinergic dysfunction and therapeutic strategies for movement disorders.