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Fig. 1 · Structure
Cat. No.
A11012
CAS No.
68291-97-4
Formula
C8H8N2O3S
Mol. Weight
212.23

Documents & Downloads

Zonisamide

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Zonisamide is an orally active inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases, demonstrating Ki values of 35.2 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II and 20.6 nM for human carbonic anhydrase V. This compound exhibits neuroprotective properties by promoting anti-apoptotic mechanisms and enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression. Additionally, Zonisamide has been shown to upregulate Hrd1 expression, which contributes to improved cardiac function in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. Research applications include investigations into seizures, Parkinson's disease, and cardiac hypertrophy.

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In Vivo Studies

Zonisamide at 300 µM was evaluated in Ekkwill-strain zebrafish larvae alongside PTZ, with comparisons against VHC+PTZ controls. The average locomotor activity study reported: “All other AEDs were not active at their MTCs.” In the total larval movement study, Zonisamide was considered active in decreasing movement. [1]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Zonisamide and Average Locomotor Activity in Zebrafish Larvae

Animal study · Zebrafish (Danio rerio) stocks of the Ekkwill strain; larvae of 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) [1]

Ekkwill-strain zebrafish larvae received Zonisamide in a PTZ design, with the compound effect isolated against VHC+PTZ controls. For average larval locomotor activity, the reported result was: “All other AEDs were not active at their MTCs.”

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
average larval locomotor activity within 30 minutesReported result All other AEDs were not active at their MTCs[1]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Treatment course
30-min integration time
Vehicle
DMSO concentration of 1% w/v
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Zonisamide 300 µMVHC+PTZ controlsAll other AEDs were not active at their MTCs[1]
Zonisamide 300 µM
Model: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) stocks of the Ekkwill strain; larvae of 7 days post-fertilization (dpf)
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: route.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Zonisamide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and Methods > Animals (S1, S4); Materials and Methods > Drugs (S8); Results > Proconvulsant Treatment (S30); Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S38, S39); Figure 3 legend (S58); Figure 4 legend (S66); Figure 5 legend (S69); Figure 6 legend (S71); Table 1 (T1.h2, T1.h3, T1.r13)

average larval locomotor activity within 30 minutes: average larval locomotor activity within 30 minutes; comparator: VHC+PTZ controls — Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S39); Figure 3 legend (S58); Table 1 (T1.h3, T1.r13)

Zonisamide 300 µM · Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S38, S39); Table 1 (T1.h2, T1.h3, T1.r13)

Zonisamide and Total Movement in Zebrafish Larvae

Animal study · Zebrafish (Danio rerio) stocks of the Ekkwill strain; larvae of 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) [1]

30-min tracking period into 5-min intervals: ZSM were considered active in decreasing total larval movement compared to the VHC+PTZ treated group.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
total larval movementReported result 300 µM; 30-min tracking period into 5-min intervals: ZSM were considered active in decreasing total larval movement.[1]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Treatment course
30-min tracking period into 5-min intervals
Vehicle
DMSO concentration of 1% w/v
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Zonisamide 300 µMVHC+PTZ treated group300 µM; 30-min tracking period into 5-min intervals: ZSM were considered active in decreasing total larval movement.[1]
Zonisamide 300 µM
Model: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) stocks of the Ekkwill strain; larvae of 7 days post-fertilization (dpf)
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: route.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Zonisamide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and Methods > Animals (S1, S4); Materials and Methods > Drugs (S6, S8); Results > Proconvulsant Treatment (S30); Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S40, S42, S44); Figure 4 legend (S66); Figure 5 legend (S69); Figure 6 legend (S71); Table 1 (T1.h2, T1.r13)

total larval movement: total larval movement; comparator: VHC+PTZ treated group — Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S40, S44); Table 1 (T1.r13)

Zonisamide 300 µM · Results > Test of AEDs in the Larval Zebrafish PTZ Assay (S40, S44); Table 1 (T1.h2, T1.r13)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
Actions Inhibitor
CAS Number 68291-97-4
Applications Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Formula C8H8N2O3S
Molecular Weight 212.23
Synonyms AD 810; CI 912
SMILES
O=S(CC1=NOC2=C1C=CC=C2)(N)=O

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

No reported solubility data are available for this product.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Afrikanova T, Serruys AS, Buenafe OE, et al. Validation of the zebrafish pentylenetetrazol seizure model: locomotor versus electrographic responses to antiepileptic drugs. PLoS One (2013). PMID: 23342097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054166 Source material

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