Tetrahydropiperine

Tetrahydropiperine is a selective inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPKs, while simultaneously activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This compound effectively reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide, by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs. Additionally, Tetrahydropiperine mitigates excessive autophagy, offering neuroprotective benefits against oxidative damage. Its diverse biological activities make it valuable for research focused on inflammatory conditions, such as endotoxemia and arthritis, as well as neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke.