Membrane Transporters-Ion Channels

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  1. HCV Inhibitor

    Vedroprevir is a potent inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease, demonstrating an IC50 of 3.2 nM. In addition to its antiviral activity, Vedroprevir also inhibits the breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), MRP1, and MRP2 with IC50 values of 34 μM, 14.9 μM, and 12 μM, respectively. These characteristics make Vedroprevir valuable for research in hepatitis C and multidrug resistance cancer studies. Its favorable pharmacokinetic profile has been observed in preclinical models, including rats and dogs.
  2. V-ATPase/HIV-1 Inhibitor

    Diphyllin is a potent inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) with an IC50 of 17 nM, and also acts as an HIV-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.38 μM. This compound effectively disrupts the acidification of osteoclast lysosomes, leading to significant inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption while leaving osteoblastic bone formation unaffected. Diphyllin is valuable for investigating bone metabolism-related diseases and exploring therapeutic avenues for conditions characterized by excessive bone resorption.
  3. Stable Isotope

    Atazanavir-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Atazanavir, a highly selective inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. This compound serves as a substrate and inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, as well as an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Additionally, Atazanavir exhibits activity against SARS-CoV 3CLpro with an IC50 of 3.49 μM, making it valuable for research into HIV and coronavirus-related mechanisms.
  4. Stable Isotope

    Atazanavir-d6 is a deuterium-labeled form of Atazanavir, a selective inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Recognized for its capability as a CYP3A4 substrate and inhibitor, it also exerts dual effects as both an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In addition, Atazanavir demonstrates antiviral activity by inhibiting the SARS-CoV 3CLpro with an IC50 of 3.49 μM, making it a valuable tool for research in HIV and coronavirus-related studies.
  5. ATPase Inhibitor

    ATPase-IN-6 is a H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and a prazole derivative. It exhibits significant antiviral activity against a range of viruses, including HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. This compound is useful for research investigating antiviral mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for viral infections.
  6. P-glycoprotein Inhibits

    NIK250 is a potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, a key mediator of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. By disrupting the efflux activity of P-glycoprotein, NIK250 enhances the cellular retention of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby increasing their efficacy. This compound can be utilized in research aimed at overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapies and elucidating the mechanisms of MDR in various pathological contexts.
  7. TrpAB Inhibitor

    BRD-4592 is an allosteric inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tryptophan synthase (TrpAB), specifically targeting the α-β-subunit interface. It demonstrates potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 70.9 nM for the α-subunit and 22.6 nM for the β-subunit. This compound is valuable for research applications aimed at elucidating the role of tryptophan metabolism in tuberculosis and exploring novel therapeutic strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  8. Proton Pump Inhibitor

    AHR-9294 is a potent inhibitor of the H+ pump enzyme, specifically targeting H, K-ATPase. This compound effectively inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo, making it valuable for research related to gastrointestinal physiology and the treatment of acid-related disorders. Its mechanism of action supports studies exploring proton pump inhibition and related therapeutic applications.
  9. ATPase Inhibitor

    Apicularen A is a macrolide that selectively inhibits vesicular ATPases, targeting ATPase activity in cellular processes. This compound has been isolated from the mucoid bacterium Chondrosporium spp. Its potent inhibitory effects make it a valuable tool for research applications focused on cellular transport mechanisms and metabolic regulation.
  10. TRPV4 Agonist

    4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate is a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). It facilitates calcium ion influx and induces ATP release, thereby serving a role as an osmoreceptor. In animal studies, 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate has been shown to inhibit water intake and elevate maximal micturition pressure in rats. This compound is valuable for research into inflammation, infection, and the biological mechanisms underlying conditions such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
  11. TRPML Agonist

    ML-SA1 is a selective agonist of TRPML channels, promoting lysosomal acidification and enhancing protease activity, which leads to the inhibition of Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The compound exhibits IC50 values of 8.3 μM for DENV2 RNA and 52.99 μM for ZIKV RNA. Additionally, ML-SA1 stimulates autophagy, making it a valuable tool for research into broad-spectrum antiviral strategies.
  12. Anti-malarial Agent

    Quinine sulfate hydrate (2:1:4) is an orally active alkaloid used primarily as an anti-malarial agent. This compound functions as a potassium channel inhibitor, specifically targeting the WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel, with an IC50 of 169 μM observed in response to voltage pulses of +100 mV. It is valuable for research applications focused on malaria treatment and investigating ion channel physiology.
  13. Anti-malaria Agent

    Quinine hydrochloride is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree, primarily functioning as an anti-malarial agent. It acts as a potassium channel inhibitor, specifically targeting the WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel and demonstrating inhibitory effects on channel currents evoked by voltage pulses to +100 mV, with an IC50 value of 169 μM. This compound is widely utilized in research applications related to malaria treatment and ion channel studies.
  14. Anti-malarial Agent

    Quinine hemisulfate is an orally active alkaloid derived from cinchona bark, primarily recognized for its anti-malarial properties. This compound acts as a potassium channel inhibitor, specifically targeting the WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel, with an IC50 value of 169 μM for channel currents induced by voltage pulses to +100 mV. Quinine hemisulfate serves as a valuable reagent for anti-malarial studies and relevant pharmacological investigations.
  15. Anti-malarial Agent

    Quinine dihydrochloride is an orally active alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, primarily used as an anti-malarial agent. It functions as a potassium channel inhibitor, specifically targeting the WT mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel, with an IC50 of 169 μM. This compound is utilized in various research applications aimed at understanding malaria pathophysiology and exploring therapeutic strategies for its treatment.
  16. Stable Isotope

    Quinine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of quinine, primarily used as a stable isotope in chemical research. Quinine is an alkaloid isolated from the cinchona tree, known for its efficacy as an antimalarial agent and its role as a potassium channel inhibitor. It specifically inhibits wild-type mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel currents induced by voltage pulses, exhibiting an IC50 of 169 μM. This reagent facilitates studies in pharmacology and biochemistry, enabling precise tracking and quantification in various applications.
  17. CV-B3 2C ATPase Inhibitor

    ATPase-IN-8 is a selective inhibitor of CV-B3 2C ATPase, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.4 μM. This compound demonstrates significant anti-enteroviral activity, particularly against coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). ATPase-IN-8 is suitable for research applications focusing on enteroviral infections and their molecular mechanisms.
  18. Adenosine Receptor Antagonist

    Swertisin is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with additional SGLT2 inhibitory activity. This compound exhibits various biological functions, including anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties, as well as the ability to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV). Research has demonstrated that Swertisin can enhance cognitive function and alleviate memory impairments in murine models, making it a valuable tool for studies in diabetes, neuroprotection, and viral infections.
  19. H+, K+-ATPase Inhibitor

    Esomeprazole magnesium salt is a selective inhibitor of the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, functioning as an effective proton pump inhibitor. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by reducing gastric acid secretion. It is primarily utilized in research related to gastroesophageal reflux disease, exploring its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action in acid-related disorders.
  20. Proton Pump Inhibitor

    S-Pantoprazole sodium trihydrate is a potent proton pump inhibitor that effectively reduces gastric acid secretion. It is primarily utilized in the treatment of conditions associated with excessive gastric acid production, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. Its mechanism of action involves the irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, providing therapeutic benefits in managing acid-related disorders.
  21. Na+-V-ATPase Inhibitor

    V-161 is an orally active inhibitor of Na+-V-ATPase, exhibiting an IC50 of 144 nM. This compound effectively inhibits the growth of Enterococcus hirae and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) under alkaline conditions, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL for both bacterial strains. In vivo studies demonstrate that V-161 significantly reduces VRE colonization in the mouse small intestine, making it a valuable tool for research into antimicrobial resistance and gut microbiota interactions.
  22. Proton Pump Inhibitor

    Lansoprazole sulfide-d4 is a deuterium-labeled form of Lansoprazole sulfide, a bioactive metabolite of the proton pump inhibitor Lansoprazole. This compound exhibits significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.59 μM intracellularly and 0.46 μM in broth. It is a valuable tool for research into anti-tubercular therapies and the pharmacokinetics of proton pump inhibitors.
  23. CCR5 Antagonist

    AZD-5672 is a potent and selective antagonist of the CCR5 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.32 nM. This compound demonstrates moderate activity against the hERG ion channel with a binding IC50 of 7.3 μM and acts as a substrate for human P-glycoprotein, inhibiting P-gp-mediated digoxin transport with an IC50 of 32 μM. AZD-5672 is an effective tool for investigating the role of CCR5 in inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.
  24. CCR8 Antagonist

    AZ760 is a potent antagonist of the CCR8 receptor, which plays a significant role in immune response modulation. This compound demonstrates excellent potency and favorable lipophilicity, resulting in a high free fraction in blood. However, it is important to note that AZ760 exhibits unacceptable inhibition of the hERG potassium channel, which may have implications for cardiovascular safety in therapeutic applications.
  25. CGRP/TRPV1 Inhibitor

    Chrysin 6-C-glucoside 8-C-arabinoside is a potent inhibitor of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and the TRPV1 channel activation. This compound exhibits significant biological activity relevant to nociceptive signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool for anti-migraine research. Its mechanism of action offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies for migraine and related pain disorders.
  26. OCT1 Inhibitor

    Hydrastine ((-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine) selectively inhibits the organic cation transporter OCT1, with an IC50 value of 6.6 μM. This compound also acts as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, reducing dopamine biosynthesis with an IC50 of 20.7 μM in PC12 cells. Hydrastine is particularly relevant for research into Parkinson's disease, as it may induce neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction and has the potential to exacerbate apoptosis when used in conjunction with L-DOPA.
  27. Fatty Acid Dopamide

    N-Palmitoyl dopamine is a long-chain fatty acid dopamide that interacts with endovaniloids, exhibiting 'entourage' effects on N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) and anandamide. This compound is not active on the TRPV1 receptor, highlighting its selective profile. N-Palmitoyl dopamine is valuable for research applications focused on cannabinoid and pain signaling pathways, particularly in studies examining the interplay between fatty acid derivatives and endocannabinoid activity.
  28. AMPAR Modulator

    Nooglutil is a positive modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), enhancing synaptic transmission and plasticity. Additionally, it regulates dopamine D2 receptor function, contributing to its anxiolytic effects. This compound is of significant interest for research into neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, and offers potential insights into therapeutic strategies targeting glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.
  29. Dopamine Receptor Inhibitor

    Valbenazine dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and primarily targets dopamine receptors. It is utilized in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, offering therapeutic benefits for alleviating movement disorder symptoms linked to chronic dopamine receptor antagonism. Extensive preclinical studies support its efficacy, particularly in relation to the genetic factors contributing to tardive dyskinesia.
  30. Calcium Entry-Blocking

    YM-430 is a calcium entry-blocking and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent. It effectively inhibits Amifampridine-induced rhythmic contractions with an IC50 value of 59.2 nM and blocks arginine vasopressin-induced ST-segment depression with an IC50 of 36.6 mg/kg. This compound is valuable for research into angina pectoris and related cardiovascular conditions.
  31. CB1 and TRPV1 agonist

    N-Arachidonyldopamine is a selective agonist of the CB1 and TRPV1 receptors, exhibiting a Ki value of 250 nM for the CB1 receptor and an EC50 of approximately 50 nM for TRPV1. This compound plays a significant role in modulating pain and inflammatory responses, making it a valuable tool for research investigating endocannabinoid signaling pathways and their implications in various physiological processes.
  32. CB1 Agonist

    (R)-Methanandamide is a potent CB1 receptor agonist, exhibiting a Ki value of 20 nM. This compound serves as an analytical tool for studying cannabinoid signaling pathways and the endocannabinoid system. Additionally, (R)-Methanandamide can activate vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors, highlighting its potential applications in pain research and modulation of inflammatory processes in cellular assays.
  33. VR1/CB1 Agonist

    OMDM-6 is a hybrid agonist targeting vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1, TRPV1) with an EC50 of 75 nM and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) with a Ki of 3.2 μM. This compound also inhibits the cellular uptake of anandamide, demonstrating a Ki of 7.0 μM. Due to its dual mechanism of action, OMDM-6 is valuable for research applications exploring pain modulation and the endocannabinoid system.
  34. Cannabinoid Receptor

    CB2 receptor antagonist 1 is a selective competitive antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB2, exhibiting strong potency. This hexyl resorcinol derivative not only effectively inhibits CB2 receptor activity but also demonstrates significant antinociceptive properties. Additionally, it has been observed to activate both cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptors, making it a valuable tool for research in pain modulation and cannabinoid signaling pathways.
  35. CB1 Agonist

    CB1/2 agonist 4 serves as a full agonist for the CB1 receptor and a partial agonist for the CB2 receptor, exhibiting EC50 values of 15.09 nM and 1.16 nM, respectively. It demonstrates high affinity for human CB1 and CB2 receptors, with Ki values of 1.1 nM and 4.2 nM. This compound displays notable antinociceptive activity and effectively activates both cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptors, featuring IC50 and EC50 values of 0.8 μM and 0.12 μM, respectively. CB1/2 agonist 4 is valuable for studies exploring cannabinoid receptor functions and their implications in pain modulation.
  36. CB1/2 Agonist

    AB-FUBICA is a potent agonist for CB1 and CB2 receptors, serving as a valuable tool in cannabinoid research. It functions by activating G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) through its binding to these receptors, demonstrating significant cannabinoid-like activity. With EC50 values of 21 nM for CB1 and 15 nM for CB2, AB-FUBICA is ideal for investigating pain management, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related pathways.
  37. Multi-target modulator

    PQM-244 is a multi-target modulator that primarily interacts with TRPV1 and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. It exhibits noteworthy peripheral antinociceptive properties, effectively addressing both neurogenic and inflammatory pain. Additionally, PQM-244 demonstrates antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 14.15 µM for radical scavenging of DPPH. This compound is suitable for research applications related to chronic pain and inflammatory conditions, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
  38. Nucleoside Transport Blocker

    (S)-Draflazine is a selective nucleoside transport blocker that effectively inhibits nucleoside uptake. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in modulating nucleoside transport mechanisms. (S)-Draflazine is utilized in research contexts to study nucleoside-related processes and their implications in various biological pathways and diseases.
  39. Adrenergic Receptor

    FFN270 hydrochloride is a fluorescent tracer that specifically targets adrenergic receptors, functioning as a substrate for norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters. This compound displays distinct absorption and excitation maxima at either 320 nm or 365 nm depending on the solvent pH, with an emission wavelength of 475 nm. FFN270 hydrochloride is valuable in research applications that involve monitoring norepinephrine dynamics and can also serve as a ratiometric pH sensor for various biological studies.
  40. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist

    Protokylol hydrochloride serves as a potent agonist of the β2-adrenergic receptor. This compound demonstrates significant bronchodilator activity, making it valuable in research related to respiratory function and pulmonary pharmacology. Additionally, it interacts with the TRPV1 receptor, further expanding its potential applications in studying pain pathways and sensory responses.
  41. Stable Isotope

    (Rac)-Talinolol-d5 is a stable isotope of Talinolol, a long-acting, cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker. This compound demonstrates significant cardioprotective and antihypertensive properties. Additionally, Talinolol serves as a valuable probe substrate for investigating P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in pharmacokinetic studies.
  42. Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor

    Besipirdine is an adrenergic receptor inhibitor that exhibits non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic properties. This compound is known to inhibit voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels, contributing to its pharmacological profile. Besipirdine's biological activity makes it relevant for research applications focused on neuropharmacology and the modulation of synaptic transmission.
  43. TRPV1 Agonist

    Protokylol is a TRPV1 agonist that exerts its biological activity through the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels. Its primary application includes functioning as a bronchodilator, which supports airway relaxation and dilation. Research utilizing Protokylol can facilitate investigations into pain modulation, sensory signaling, and respiratory physiology.
  44. FTO Inhibitor

    Meclofenamic acid sodium hydrate is a selective inhibitor of fat mass and obesity-associated enzyme (FTO). Its primary action involves competing with FTO for binding to m(6)A-containing nucleic acids, thereby influencing RNA metabolism. Additionally, it exhibits non-selective gap-junction blocking activity and inhibits potassium channels hKv2.1 and hKv1.1, with IC50 values of 56.0 μM and 155.9 μM, respectively. This compound is valuable in research focused on obesity, metabolic regulation, and the role of RNA modifications in cellular processes.
  45. Myosin ATPase Activator

    Chrysosplenol C is a flavonoid compound that functions as a selective activator of cardiac myosin ATPase, with an EC50 value of 45 µM. It enhances intracellular calcium ion release by activating protein kinase C (PKC), resulting in increased contractility of rat ventricular muscle cells. Chrysosplenol C is applicable in research related to heart failure, providing insights into mechanisms that may improve cardiac function.
  46. Aliostericeffect for Myosin ATPase 13 Inhibitor

    Diazobenzenesulfonic acid, also known as 4-Sulfobenzenediazonium, functions as an allosteric inhibitor of myosin ATPase 13. This compound has significant biological activity by modulating the enzyme's function, thereby influencing muscle contraction mechanisms. It is primarily utilized in research applications aimed at understanding myosin-related pathways and exploring potential therapeutic targets for muscle-related diseases.
  47. Cardiac Myofibrillar ATPase Inhibitor

    DN-F01 is a potent inhibitor of cardiac myofibrillar ATPase, exhibiting a strong calcium-dependent activity with an IC50 value of 11 ± 4 nmol/L. This compound serves as a valuable tool in studying cardiac muscle contractility and ATPase regulation. Its ability to selectively inhibit cardiac myofibrillar ATPase makes it suitable for research in cardiovascular physiology and related pathologies.
  48. Myosin ATPase Inhibitor

    Myosin-IN-2 is a potent Myosin ATPase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 of 1.06 μM. This compound plays a critical role in research focused on heart diseases, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). By selectively inhibiting Myosin ATPase activity, Myosin-IN-2 provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiac function and related pathological conditions.
  49. AMPA/GluR Antagonist

    Tezampanel etibutil is an orally active antagonist of AMPA receptors and glutamate receptor (GluR) subtypes. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in modulating excitatory neurotransmission, making it a valuable tool for research into pain management, migraine mechanisms, and a variety of neurological disorders. Its specific targeting of AMPA receptors facilitates investigations into glutamatergic signaling pathways and their implications in neuropharmacology.
  50. Anxiolytic Agent

    Succinic acid sodium functions as an effective anxiolytic agent. It has demonstrated inhibitory effects on colonic epithelial cell proliferation in vivo and can down-regulate the expression of key genes such as KCNMB1 and TET1. This compound is particularly useful for research involving gestational hypertension and related physiological studies.

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