Oral MS-27-275 showed model-dependent activity in human tumor xenografts: seven of eight models responded, whereas HCT-15 did not. Higher dosing caused weight loss and poor appearance, and the figure caption reports deaths in a Calu-3 test group without identifying their cause. These findings do not establish a general safety margin. [2]
In separate mouse experiments, MS-275 increased lung vascular leakage and increased lung colonies after intravenous melanoma-cell delivery. The latter model tests experimental extravasation and colonization rather than the full course of spontaneous metastasis; its direction should not be generalized to all tumor models. [3]
Human tumor xenograft response and nonresponse
Animal study · Eight human tumor xenograft models in female BALB/c-nu/nu mice [2]
The paper reports activity in seven of eight tumor models and no response in HCT-15. Selected arms describe the common 24.5 mg/kg dose. The 49 mg/kg dose tested in KB-3-1, 4-1St, St-4 and Capan-1 caused weight loss and poor appearance; it was reduced for subsequent models. No gross weight loss was reported at 24.5 mg/kg. Absence of gross weight loss does not establish safety.
Conditions shared by the study groups
- Route
- Oral
- Frequency
- Once daily, 5 days/week
- Treatment course
- 4 weeks
- Vehicle
- MS-27-275 dissolved in 0.05 N HCl and 0.1% Tween 80, as reported.
- KB-3-1 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; KB-3-1 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- 4-1St xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; 4-1St xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- St-4 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; St-4 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- Capan-1 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; Capan-1 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- A2780 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; A2780 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- HT-29 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; HT-29 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- Calu-3 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; Calu-3 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
- HCT-15 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg
- Model: Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice, age 7 weeks; HCT-15 xenograft
- Reported limits: 4 or 5 mice per experimental group; exact model/group n not assigned in text.
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: MS-275 (Entinostat); Compound label in the paper: MS-27-275
Evidence for the named compound under the reported conditions; no inference of equivalence of supplier lots or formulations.
Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
KB-3-1 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
4-1St xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
St-4 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
Capan-1 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
A2780 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
HT-29 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
Calu-3 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
HCT-15 xenograft at 24.5 mg/kg · Fig. 5A image and caption; Materials and Methods: In Vivo Antitumor Activity; Results: In Vivo Antitumor Activity
Increased lung vascular permeability
Animal study · Female C57BL/6N mice, 7–8 weeks old [3]
MS-275 increased lung Evans blue extravasation compared with vehicle after four days of treatment. This is a vascular leakage assay, not an antitumor efficacy assay.
Conditions shared by the study groups
- Route
- Oral gavage
- Frequency
- Daily
- Treatment course
- 4 consecutive days
- Vehicle
- DMSO vehicle comparator identified in Fig. 4 caption; complete Miles formulation not explicit.
- MS-275 lung vascular leakage
- Model: Female C57BL/6N mice, 7–8 weeks old
- Reported limits: No exact mean extracted from graph. Caption lists unpaired t-test or Bonferroni correction without panel-specific assignment.
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: MS-275 (Entinostat); Compound label in the paper: MS-275
Evidence for the named compound under the reported conditions; no inference of equivalence of supplier lots or formulations.
Fig. 4a image/caption; Materials and methods: Vascular permeability assay (Miles assay)
Extravasated Evans blue in lungs: Evans blue extraction and absorbance at 620 nm — Fig. 4a image/caption; Materials and methods: Vascular permeability assay (Miles assay)
MS-275 lung vascular leakage · Fig. 4a image/caption; Materials and methods: Vascular permeability assay (Miles assay)
Animal study · B16-F10 intravenous experimental metastasis model in female C57BL/6N mice []
Pretreatment with MS-275 increased lung melanoma colonies relative to vehicle. The authors caution that intravenous tumor-cell delivery does not reproduce the full process of spontaneous metastasis, and prior spontaneous models showed antimetastatic effects.
Conditions shared by the study groups
- Route
- Oral gavage
- Frequency
- Daily
- Treatment course
- 4 consecutive days ending on cell injection day; lung colony endpoint day 14
- Vehicle
- 200 μL water containing 1% DMSO and 30% polyethylene glycol 400
- MS-275 pretreatment and lung colony formation
- Model: Female C57BL/6N mice, 7–8 weeks; intravenously introduced B16-F10 melanoma cells
- Reported limits: No exact mean extracted from graph; randomization/blinding not stated in read methods.
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: MS-275 (Entinostat); Compound label in the paper: MS-275
Evidence for the named compound under the reported conditions; no inference of equivalence of supplier lots or formulations.
Fig. 5a image/caption; Materials and methods: In vivo metastasis assay; Discussion model limitation
Lung surface melanoma colonies: Lung surface colony count; unpaired t-test — Fig. 5a image/caption; Materials and methods: In vivo metastasis assay; Discussion model limitation
MS-275 pretreatment and lung colony formation · Fig. 5a image/caption; Materials and methods: In vivo metastasis assay; Discussion model limitation