NF-κB

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  1. Triterpene

    Cucurbitacin V is a natural triterpene that primarily targets the signaling pathways involving the NF-κB pathway and various protein kinases. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiproliferative activities, making it a valuable compound in cancer research and the study of inflammatory diseases. This triterpene is often used to investigate the mechanisms of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in various cancer cell lines.
  2. Anti-Heart Failure Compound

    HHQ16 is an orally active compound designed to combat heart failure. Its primary mechanism involves the targeted degradation of lnc4012 and lnc9456, which leads to the reversal of infarction-induced hypertrophy. By antagonizing the effects on the G3BP2/NF-κB signaling pathway, HHQ16 demonstrates significant potential for research applications related to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure therapeutics.
  3. Methyl Nervonate

    Methyl cis-15-tetracosenoate, also known as methyl nervonate, is the methyl ester of nervonic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid with significant biological activity. It is known to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is valuable in research related to neurodegenerative diseases, aiding in the understanding of cellular mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches.
  4. Drug Derivative

    (Z)-Onjisaponin B is a drug derivative that primarily targets the inhibition of NF-κB p65. This natural product, derived from Polygala tenuifolia, exhibits significant biological activity by enhancing autophagy and promoting the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin. Additionally, (Z)-Onjisaponin B reduces β-amyloid (Aβ) production and mitigates radiation-induced cell apoptosis, while also demonstrating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its applications extend to research in neurological diseases and radiation injuries, with the ability of its metabolite, tenuifolin (TF), to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
  5. Drug Derivative

    (Z)-Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound that targets inflammatory pathways. It exhibits significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, along with suppression of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, (Z)-Neochlorogenic acid downregulates phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation, making it a valuable reagent for research in inflammation and related diseases.
  6. Stable Isotope

    D-Ribose (mixture of isomers)-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of D-Ribose, which serves as a crucial sugar moiety in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. It functions as an energy enhancer and is commonly employed in metabolic therapy for conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and cardiac energy metabolism. Additionally, D-Ribose is involved in protein glycation and can stimulate NF-κB-dependent inflammation through the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). This makes it a valuable tool for research in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
  7. NF-κB Nuclear Accumulation Inhibitor

    Cyclo(his-pro) TFA is a cyclic dipeptide that functions as an NF-κB nuclear accumulation inhibitor. This compound is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, making it valuable for studying its effects on various inflammatory and stress-related pathways. Its ability to modulate NF-κB activity supports research in neuroinflammation and other related conditions.
  8. Endogenous Metabolite

    Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid recognized for its role as an endogenous metabolite. This compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. Its properties make it a valuable tool for investigating neurodegenerative diseases and related pathologies.
  9. Antioxidant Agent

    Chrysoeriol is a natural flavonoid known for its antioxidant properties. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting critical signaling pathways, including JAK2/STAT3, IκB/p65, and NF-κB. Due to its robust biological activities, chrysoeriol is valuable in research applications focused on inflammation and oxidative stress-related conditions.
  10. Endogenous Metabolite

    Stachydrine is an endogenous metabolite that primarily functions in promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis, particularly noted in the traditional Chinese herb Leonurus heterophyllus. This compound has been shown to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting its potential role in modulating inflammatory processes. Stachydrine is valuable for research applications focused on cardiovascular health and inflammation.
  11. Vitamin E

    γ-Tocotrienol is an active form of vitamin E that primarily targets the signaling pathway of NF-κB and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). It demonstrates significant biological activity by reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, γ-tocotrienol serves as a radioprotective agent, effectively mitigating bone marrow radiation damage associated with targeted radionuclide treatments. Research applications include cancer therapy and protection against radiation-induced injury.
  12. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-7 is an acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor. This compound effectively inhibits ACAT activity, resulting in altered lipid metabolism and subsequent reduction in cholesterol esterification. ACAT-IN-7 is of particular interest in research exploring its potential role in inflammatory processes, as it inhibits NF-κB mediated transcription, which is crucial for various cellular responses.
  13. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). This compound effectively inhibits the NF-κB mediated transcriptional process, making it a valuable tool for research in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways. ACAT-IN-2 is primarily utilized in studies investigating dyslipidemia and its associated diseases, contributing to a deeper understanding of lipid regulation and associated pathophysiology.
  14. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-10 is an acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor that provides valuable insights into lipid metabolism. This compound is particularly useful in studying the regulation of cholesterol esters and their implications in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. Additionally, ACAT-IN-10 exhibits weak inhibition of NF-κB-mediated transcription, making it a potential tool for investigating inflammatory pathways.
  15. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-4 hydrochloride is a selective acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor. It disrupts cholesterol esterification, leading to a reduction in lipid accumulation in cells. This compound has significant implications for research in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, particularly through its ability to inhibit NF-κB mediated transcription.
  16. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-9 is a selective acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor that effectively disrupts the synthesis of cholesteryl esters. By inhibiting ACAT activity, ACAT-IN-9 also attenuates NF-κB mediated transcription, which plays a critical role in inflammation and immune responses. This compound is utilized in research focusing on lipid metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation pathways.
  17. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-4 is an acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor that effectively impedes ACAT activity. This compound has been shown to inhibit NF-κB mediated transcription, making it a valuable tool for studying cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. ACAT-IN-4 is suitable for research applications focusing on lipid regulation, atherosclerosis, and other related cardiovascular conditions.
  18. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-10 dihydrochloride is an acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor. This compound exhibits weak inhibition of NF-κB mediated transcription, highlighting its potential role in modulating inflammatory processes. It is primarily utilized in research focused on lipid metabolism and its implications in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. ACAT-IN-10 dihydrochloride serves as a valuable tool for investigating the biochemical pathways regulated by ACAT activity.
  19. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-6 is a potent acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB mediated transcription, making it a valuable tool for studying lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. ACAT-IN-6 is useful in research applications focused on cholesterol homeostasis and related diseases.
  20. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-3 is an inhibitor of acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), targeting the cholesterol esterification pathway. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB-mediated transcription, making it a valuable tool in studying pathways associated with inflammation and lipid metabolism. Its application in research may help elucidate the role of ACAT in various disease models, particularly those related to atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders.
  21. ACAT Inhibitor

    ACAT-IN-5 is a selective inhibitor of acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), a key enzyme involved in cholesterol metabolism. By inhibiting ACAT activity, ACAT-IN-5 has been shown to modulate NF-κB mediated transcription, thereby influencing inflammatory pathways and lipid metabolism. This reagent is vital for research applications exploring cholesterol homeostasis, atherosclerosis, and related metabolic disorders.
  22. Stable Isotope

    Stachydrine-d6 is a deuterated form of Stachydrine, a compound known for its role in promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis, particularly in the traditional Chinese herb Leonurus heterophyllus. This stable isotope can be used in tracing studies and metabolic research due to its labeled nature. Additionally, Stachydrine exhibits inhibitory effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway, highlighting its potential in studies related to inflammation and immunity.
  23. Secondary Metabolite

    Moniliphenone is a secondary metabolite derived from the endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory properties and effectively inhibits TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB activation, making it a valuable tool for exploring pathways involved in inflammation. Its applications in research can aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory diseases and developing potential therapeutic strategies.
  24. 20S Proteasome Inhibitor

    5-Amino-8-hydroxyquinoline is a non-competitive inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, demonstrating potent inhibitory effects on NF-κB activity. This compound induces apoptosis in cancer cells while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity towards normal hematopoietic cells. It is valuable for research applications in cancer biology, particularly in the study of leukemia and related malignancies.
  25. Immunoproteasome β5i Subunit Inhibitor

    DPLG3 is a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit, demonstrating an IC50 of 4.5 nM. It effectively inhibits the mouse i-20S proteasome with an IC50 value of 9.4 nM. DPLG3 is capable of downregulating the protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p65, highlighting its potential in the study of immune-related diseases and therapeutic applications.
  26. Proteasome Inhibitor

    Biotin-(Oaa)3-epoxomicin is a biotinylated proteasome inhibitor derived from Epoxomicin, connected through three hydrophilic oxaacetyl amino acid linkers. This compound is utilized primarily in proteomic research for the capture and identification of proteasome complexes, facilitating target validation and elucidation of intracellular targets. Epoxomicin effectively inhibits proteasome activity through covalent binding to catalytic subunits such as LMP7, X, MECL1, and Z, with a pronounced effect on chymotrypsin-like activity, while sparing non-proteasomal proteases like trypsin and papain. Additionally, it serves as an NF-κB inhibitor, demonstrating potential in studies of inflammatory responses.
  27. 20S Proteasome Inhibitor

    5-Amino-8-hydroxyquinoline dihydrochloride is a potent non-competitive inhibitor of the 20S proteasome. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB activity, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity towards normal hematopoietic cells. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in studies related to leukemia and other malignancies.
  28. Proteasome Inhibitor

    Z-LLF-CHO (Z-Leu-Leu-Phe-CHO) is a potent inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, exhibiting an inhibition constant (Ki) of 460 nM. This compound also functions as an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation, making it valuable for studies involving immune response and inflammation. Research applications include investigations into proteolytic processes and the role of cytokines in various disease models.
  29. Proteasome Inhibitor

    4-Nitrochalcone serves as a proteasome inhibitor, specifically targeting the proteasomal degradation pathway. It effectively inhibits the activity of NF-κB induced by TNFα, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory processes and signaling pathways. This compound is utilized in research focused on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other conditions where proteasome activity plays a critical role.
  30. Trx/TrxR System Inhibitor

    PMX464 is a thiol-reactive quinol that acts as an inhibitor of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system. This compound has been shown to inhibit NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory activation in human type II alveolar epithelial cells, making it a valuable tool for research focused on inflammation and oxidative stress. PMX464 is particularly useful in studies examining the role of redox signaling in various pathophysiological conditions.
  31. Tyrosinase Inhibitor

    MHY884 is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor that effectively mitigates UVB-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating oxidative stress. This compound demonstrates a reduction in oxidative stress within melanoma cells, leading to diminished NF-κB activity in irradiated models. MHY884 holds significant promise for investigations into the mechanisms of UVB-induced skin damage and its potential therapeutic applications.
  32. Aβ Inhibitor

    TML-6 is an orally active curcumin derivative that functions as a β-amyloid (Aβ) inhibitor by impeding the synthesis of β-amyloid precursor protein. It demonstrates key biological activities including the upregulation of Apo E, suppression of NF-κB and mTOR pathways, and enhancement of the anti-oxidative Nrf2 response. TML-6 is positioned as a promising candidate for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mechanisms and therapeutic developments.
  33. Chalcone

    4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone derivative known for its hepatoprotective properties. It exerts its biological activity by inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation through the modulation of the proteasome. Additionally, 4'-Hydroxychalcone has been shown to induce rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles, adversely affecting respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. This compound is valuable for research focused on liver protection and mitochondrial function.
  34. Stable Isotope

    Metaxalone-d3 is a deuterium-labeled form of Metaxalone, an FDA-approved muscle relaxant primarily acting on the central nervous system. Its primary mechanism involves inhibition of polysynaptic reflex arcs, promoting muscle relaxation. Additionally, Metaxalone demonstrates inhibitory effects on MAO-A, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This reagent is useful for research applications investigating inflammatory responses, as it modulation of IL-1β-induced phenotypes impacts NF-κB and related signaling pathways in microglia.
  35. Stable Isotope

    Metaxalone-d6 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Metaxalone, an FDA-approved muscle relaxant primarily targeting the central nervous system. It promotes muscle relaxation by inhibiting polysynaptic reflex arcs and also exhibits activity as an inhibitor of MAO-A, contributing to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Metaxalone effectively reduces the IL-1β-induced inflammatory phenotype, modulates NF-κB signaling pathways, and lowers both expression and activity of MAO-A in IL-1β-treated microglia, making it a valuable tool for research in neurobiology and inflammation.
  36. Anti-inflammatory Drug

    Sanggenon A is an anti-inflammatory compound that modulates the NF-κB and HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways, demonstrating significant effects in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. This reagent effectively inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory processes and potential therapeutic applications in inflammation-related diseases.
  37. Phenylpropanoid Glycoside

    Tadehaginoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside that plays a crucial role in regulating lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. This compound exhibits antioxidant properties and offers hepatoprotective effects by modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver cells. Tadehaginoside is applicable in research focusing on obesity and diabetes, providing insights into metabolic regulation and associated pathologies.
  38. E-isomer of Tadehaginoside

    (E)-Tadehaginoside is the E-isomer of Tadehaginoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside known for its role in modulating lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. This compound exhibits antioxidant properties and provides liver protection against oxidative stress and inflammation by influencing the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in hepatocytes. (E)-Tadehaginoside is suitable for research applications focused on obesity and diabetes.
  39. Antioxidant Agent

    Santamarine is a sesquiterpene lactone that serves as an effective antioxidant agent. It enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) while inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by blocking NF-κB translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, Santamarine displays anti-photoaging effects by inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and promoting TGF-β/Smad signaling in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, highlighting its potential for various biological applications.
  40. ITK PROTACs Degrader

    BSJ-05-037 is an ITK PROTACs degrader that efficiently induces the degradation of ITK in T-cell lymphoma cell lines. This compound inhibits the NF-κB/GATA-3 signaling pathway and decreases PLCγ1 phosphorylation, thereby reducing the proliferation of T-cell lymphoma cells. Additionally, BSJ-05-037 enhances the sensitivity of these cancer cells to chemotherapy. In mouse models, it has shown the ability to diminish GATA-3 expression, lower tumor volume, and counteract chemotherapy resistance, making it a valuable tool for research on T-cell lymphoma.
  41. Neuroprotective Agent

    Hericenone C is a neuroprotective agent derived from the mushroom Hericium erinaceus. It has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NRE::Luc luciferase activity, reduce the phosphorylation of p65, and suppress NF-κB signaling pathways. Due to these effects, Hericenone C is useful for research focused on neuroprotection and the modulation of inflammatory responses in neurological disorders.
  42. NF-κB Activator

    NF-κB activator 1 is a potent activator of the NF-κB signaling pathway, exhibiting an EC50 of 0.9 μM. This compound effectively induces the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 mRNA, contributing to enhanced cellular antioxidant responses. NF-κB activator 1 is valuable for research applications focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and related signaling pathways.
  43. Anti-inflammatory agent

    N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is an anti-inflammatory agent that primarily inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and function as an FDA-approved drug excipient enhances its utility in various research contexts. DMAc is particularly relevant for investigating the mechanisms of weight gain related to high-fat diets and exploring neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease.
  44. Vitamin K2

    Geranylgeraniol is an orally active vitamin K2 precursor that functions as an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. It primarily targets the NF-kB signaling pathway, demonstrating the potential to reduce LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal models. This compound is valuable for research investigating neuroinflammation and the broader implications of vitamin K2 in cellular signaling and immune responses.
  45. NIK Inhibitor

    B022 is a selective inhibitor of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) with a Ki of 4.2 nM and an IC50 of 15.1 nM. This compound exhibits protective effects against liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury caused by toxins. Additionally, B022 features an alkyne group, enabling its use in click chemistry applications, specifically for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with azide-containing molecules.
  46. NF-κB Inhibitor

    Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone that acts as an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB. By directly targeting the p65 subunit, Helenalin exhibits alkylating activity through its interaction with cysteine sulfhydryl groups, effectively hindering NF-κB's ability to bind DNA. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on anti-inflammatory pathways and mechanisms involving NF-κB signaling.
  47. Gibberellin

    Gibberellin A4 is a bioactive gibberellin that primarily targets gibberellin receptors, promoting flowering in apple trees. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-NF-κB and antioxidant activities, making it valuable in studies investigating inflammatory pathways. Gibberellin A4 is also applicable in research focused on periodontal diseases, contributing to the understanding of plant and human health interactions.
  48. NF- B Activator

    NF-κΒ Activator 2 is a potent and orally active NF-κB activator, exhibiting an EC50 of 1.58 μM. This compound enhances the expression and activation of NF-κB, leading to the induction of SOD2. NF-κΒ Activator 2 is useful in researching mechanisms related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other conditions associated with NF-κB signaling.
  49. NF-κB Inhibitor

    NF-κB-IN-11 is a selective NF-κB inhibitor that targets the NF-κB signaling pathway. It effectively inhibits TNF-α induced activation of NF-κB and prevents its nuclear translocation, leading to down-regulation of phospho-IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 expression levels. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by its ability to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in murine models. NF-κB-IN-11 also exhibits a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) exceeding 1852 mg/kg in acute toxicity assessments in mice, highlighting its safety profile for research applications.
  50. NF-κB Inhibitor

    Bezisterim is a synthetic derivative of the natural anti-inflammatory steroid β-AET, functioning as a partial inhibitor of NF-κB. This compound effectively reduces pro-inflammatory signals, such as IL-6 and matrix metallopeptidase 3, and demonstrates the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier in murine models. Bezisterim is valuable in research applications related to ulcerative colitis, arthritis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Additionally, its alkyne group allows it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, making it a versatile tool in click chemistry.

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