Santamarine is a sesquiterpene lactone that serves as an effective antioxidant agent. It enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) while inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by blocking NF-κB translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, Santamarine displays anti-photoaging effects by inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and promoting TGF-β/Smad signaling in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, highlighting its potential for various biological applications.
Santamarine is a sesquiterpene lactone that serves as an effective antioxidant agent. It enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) while inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by blocking NF-κB translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, Santamarine displays anti-photoaging effects by inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and promoting TGF-β/Smad signaling in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, highlighting its potential for various biological applications.
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