Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Serotonergic Receptor Antagonist
Hymenidin is a natural antagonist of serotonergic receptors, exhibiting significant inhibitory effects on voltage-gated potassium channels. This compound demonstrates the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutics targeting serotonergic signaling pathways. Its dual action on ion channels and receptor antagonism positions Hymenidin as a noteworthy reagent for exploring complex cellular mechanisms in neurobiology and oncology. -
Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor
Thielavin B is an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, specifically targeting the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from endoperoxide precursors. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by its efficacy in reducing carrageenan-induced edema in rat models following intravenous administration. Thielavin B is valuable for research focused on inflammation and pain pathways. -
Endogenous Glucocorticoids
Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline, a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, primarily targets PDE3, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle and enhanced bronchodilation. This compound also functions as an adenosine receptor antagonist and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by elevating IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline has been shown to induce apoptosis in certain cell types. Its applications are particularly relevant in the research of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Levalbuterol hydrochloride is a potent β2-adrenergic receptor agonist and the active (R)-enantiomer of Salbutamol. It exhibits enhanced bronchodilator activity, making it a valuable reagent in respiratory research. Primarily, it is utilized in studies focusing on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other airway obstruction disorders. -
L-glutamate Uptake Inhibitor
Evans Blue is a potent inhibitor of L-glutamate uptake through the membrane-bound excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT). This compound effectively inhibits L-glutamate and kainate receptor-mediated currents, making it valuable for research into neurophysiological processes. Additionally, due to its strong affinity for serum albumin, Evans Blue serves as a high molecular weight protein tracer and is widely used to investigate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. -
Endothelin Receptor Inhibitor
Carperitide is a synthetic analogue of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) that acts as an endothelin receptor inhibitor. This 28-amino acid peptide significantly reduces endothelin-1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner, thereby promoting vasodilation and natriuresis. It is primarily used in research applications related to cardiovascular physiology, providing insights into heart failure mechanisms and the regulation of blood pressure. -
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Epinastine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, known for its effectiveness as a mast cell stabilizer. It exhibits high affinity for neuronal octopamine receptors in various insects, demonstrating potential roles in modulating immune responses. Epinastine also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TARC, IL-8, and IL-4, making it valuable for research into allergic diseases and anti-cancer immunity mechanisms. Its ability to reduce scratching behavior and vascular permeability further underscores its relevance in studying allergic and inflammatory conditions. -
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Mebhydrolin is a selective antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor, primarily known for its role in mediating allergic responses. This compound exhibits significant antihistaminic activity, making it valuable for research in allergy and immunology. Its effectiveness in blocking histamine-induced physiological effects allows for the exploration of H1 receptor pathways and the development of related therapeutic strategies. -
NPRs Agonist
Nesiritide, a recombinant form of human B-type natriuretic peptide, primarily functions as an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs), specifically NPR-A and NPR-C, with affinity constants of 7.3 pM and 13 pM, respectively. It effectively regulates the activation and inactivation of L-type calcium channels, resulting in significant vasodilatory, diuretic, and natriuretic effects. Nesiritide is utilized in research on cardiovascular diseases, particularly in models of heart failure and vascular remodeling following arterial injury. -
MC4R Agonist
Tetracosactide is a potent agonist of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), activating human MC4R with an EC50 of 0.65 nM. This synthetic analogue of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is known to stimulate the release of corticosteroids, including cortisol, from the adrenal gland. Tetracosactide is utilized in research investigating conditions such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and various forms of arthritis, including juvenile and adult rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. -
α-adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Naphazoline (Naphthazoline) hydrochloride is a potent α-adrenergic receptor agonist. Naphazoline hydrochloride reduces vascular hyperpermeability and promotes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline hydrochloride reduces the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4), IgE, GMCSF, and NGF. Naphazoline hydrochloride can be used for non-bacterial conjunctivitis research. -
β1-Adrenergic Blocker
Esmolol hydrochloride is an ultra-short-acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker, primarily targeting the β1-adrenergic receptors. This compound demonstrates significant antiarrhythmic properties and is effective in mitigating post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Additionally, esmolol hydrochloride inhibits aldose reductase activity, reducing advanced glycation end products and enhancing fibroblast migration, which contributes to improved diabetic wound healing. It serves as a valuable tool for research into cardiac diseases, including arrhythmias and diabetic foot ulcers. -
5-HT2BR Antagonist
PRX-08066 maleate is a selective antagonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2BR) with a Ki value of 3.4 nM. It effectively inhibits the MAPK signaling pathway, as well as the release of serotonin and the expression of key fibrotic factors such as TGFβ1, CTGF, and FGF2. PRX-08066 maleate demonstrates the ability to inhibit the proliferation of KRJ-I cells and induce apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. This compound shows potential for research in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET). -
β2-adrenergic receptor Antagonist
Zenidolol is a selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, exhibiting a Ki value of 0.7 nM for the β2 receptor, alongside higher Ki values for β1 and β3 receptors at 49.5 nM and 611 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor sphere formation, and downregulating the HIF pathway in tumor cells. Additionally, Zenidolol has a unique vasodilatory effect specific to pulmonary vessels in mouse models and can serve as an intraocular pressure-lowering agent in ophthalmic research applications. -
Stable Isotope
Terfenadine-d3 is the deuterated form of Terfenadine, which primarily targets the hERG potassium channel as a potent open-channel blocker with an IC50 of 204 nM. As an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, Terfenadine-d3 demonstrates significant biological activity by inducing apoptosis in melanoma cells through the modulation of calcium homeostasis. Its mechanism includes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent activation of caspases -4, -2, and -9, making it valuable for research in cancer biology and apoptosis pathways. -
CXCR4 Antagonist
Nef-M1 is a CXCR4 antagonist peptide derived from the myristoylated protein encoded by the nef gene in HIV. It induces apoptosis by enhancing caspase-3 levels in cancer cells and inhibits critical processes associated with tumor progression, including angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nef-M1 reduces levels of VEGF-A, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and vimentin while promoting E-cadherin expression. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on colorectal cancer and breast cancer. -
PAF receptor antagonist
ST-899 is a specific antagonist of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor, demonstrating significant efficacy in reducing mortality in endotoxin (LPS)-induced shock models in mice. This compound effectively inhibits the elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels triggered by LPS while showing no impact on interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. By interrupting the positive feedback loop between PAF and TNF, ST-899 mitigates the inflammatory response. This reagent is valuable for research into inflammatory diseases, particularly septic shock. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline sodium acetate functions as a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, specifically targeting PDE3 to promote the relaxation of airway smooth muscle. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties by elevating IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline sodium acetate is known to induce apoptosis, making it a valuable reagent for research on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
CRTH2 Receptor Antagonist
CT-133 is a selective and potent antagonist of the CRTH2 receptor, exhibiting a Ki value of 2.2 nM, while demonstrating minimal affinity for the DP1 receptor (Ki > 3800 nM). This compound effectively inhibits neutrophil migration induced by PGD2 and has been shown to significantly reduce lung inflammation and improve lung function in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) triggered by cigarette smoke. Additionally, CT-133 suppresses the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and promotes the recovery of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CT-133 is valuable for research on acute lung injury and inflammatory responses. -
Neurotransmitter
Histamine dihydrochloride acts as an agonist for histamine receptors and functions as a vasodilator. This organic nitrogen compound plays a crucial role in local immune responses and regulates intestinal physiological functions while also serving as a neurotransmitter. Histamine dihydrochloride influences the p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway and demonstrates notable antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is valuable in research applications related to acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. -
Neurotransmitter
Histamine phosphate is an agonist of the histamine receptor and functions as a potent vasodilator. This organic nitrogen compound plays a crucial role in local immune responses, modulates intestinal physiological functions, and serves as a key neurotransmitter. Histamine phosphate influences the p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway and demonstrates notable antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is applicable in research related to acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. -
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Tizanidine hydrochloride is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that serves as an effective skeletal muscle relaxant. It primarily promotes muscle relaxation by reducing the presynaptic release of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, within spinal cord interneurons. In addition to its central effects, Tizanidine hydrochloride demonstrates potential anti-cancer properties by inhibiting lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis via the modulation of the AKT and Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathways. This compound is clinically relevant for the management of spasticity associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. -
Neurotransmitter
Histamine is a biogenic amine that acts as an agonist for histamine receptors, playing a significant role as a neurotransmitter. It is involved in local immune responses and the regulation of various physiological functions, including vasodilation. Histamine influences the p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway and demonstrates notable antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly utilized in research related to acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. -
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Tizanidine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that functions primarily as a skeletal muscle relaxant. It exerts muscle relaxation effects by inhibiting the release of excitatory amino acids, thereby modulating synaptic activity in the spinal cord. Additionally, Tizanidine demonstrates anti-cancer properties by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells, as well as inducing apoptosis through the upregulation of Nischarin and suppression of the AKT and Wnt3a/β-catenin pathways. This compound is utilized clinically for the management of spasticity associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. -
Stable Isotope
Histamine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of histamine, functioning primarily as a stable isotope for metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies. This compound acts as an agonist at histamine receptors and serves as a notable vasodilator, playing a critical role in local immune responses, intestinal physiological regulation, and neurotransmission. Histamine influences several signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK and Akt, and exhibits diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential antitumor effects. Its applications in research extend to the study of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma, facilitating a deeper understanding of these conditions. -
5-HT5A Receptor Antagonist
SB-699551 free base is a selective antagonist of the 5-HT5A receptor, characterized by a pKi of 8.2 nM, which allows for effective brain penetration. It exhibits significant selectivity over various serotonin receptor subtypes, dopamine receptors, and the α1B adrenoceptor. This compound disrupts Gαi/o-coupled and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, influencing the phosphorylation of key proteins such as CREB, ATF1, AKT, PRAS40, S6K, and FOXO1 in breast tumor cells. SB-699551 free base is valuable for research into anxiety, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. -
Stable Isotope
Histamine-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of histamine, primarily functioning as an agonist for histamine receptors. This organic nitrogen compound plays a critical role in local immune responses, modulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine influences the p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway and demonstrates antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Research applications of Histamine-13C5 include the investigation of conditions such as acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma, facilitating deeper insights into these diseases. -
Anti-CXCR4 Antibody
LY-2624587 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that antagonizes CXCR4. By blocking the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4, it inhibits SDF-1-induced GTP binding, significantly reducing cell migration and promoting apoptosis in human lymphoma and leukemia cells. Additionally, LY-2624587 impedes CXCR4 and SDF-1-mediated signaling pathways, including the activation of MAPK and AKT. This reagent is valuable for research applications involving human hematological malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). -
CXCR4 Antagonist.
BPRCX807 is a selective and potent antagonist of the CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). It effectively inhibits CXCL12-mediated phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, leading to significant suppression of primary tumor growth. This compound is applicable for research in hepatocellular carcinoma, providing insights into its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. -
GLP-1R Agonist
Pegloxenatide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. It exhibits various biological activities, including the reduction of blood glucose and lipids, weight management, anti-inflammatory effects, and promotion of wound healing, as well as providing protective effects on liver and heart tissues. Pegloxenatide is primarily utilized in research focused on type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. -
S1PR Regulator
Mocravimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator that inhibits the signaling necessary for T cell egress from lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. It preferentially binds to S1PR1, exhibiting beneficial effects such as a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, Mocravimod promotes the phosphorylation of key signaling proteins including AKT, ERK, GSK-3β, JAK2, and STAT3, while preserving T cell effector function. This reagent is suitable for research into acute myelogenous leukemia, diabetes, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. -
CXCR4 Inhibitor
Hit 14 is a selective inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), demonstrating an IC50 value of 254 nM. This compound effectively inhibits the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, highlighting its potential in cancer research. Furthermore, Hit 14 modulates Akt phosphorylation and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, demonstrating efficacy in reducing ear swelling and damage in mouse models. Its diverse biological activities make it a valuable tool for studies related to cancer metastasis and inflammation. -
α/β-Adrenergic Agonist
Etilefrine is an α/β-adrenergic agonist primarily targeting α1 and β1 receptors. Its activity induces vasoconstriction by stimulating α1 receptors, leading to increased peripheral resistance, while β1 receptor activation enhances myocardial contractility and elevates heart rate, resulting in improved blood pressure and cardiac output. Additionally, Etilefrine modulates the AMPK/Akt signaling pathway, influencing phosphorylation levels. This compound is applicable in cardiovascular research, notably in studies related to postural hypotension, chylothorax, and conditions characterized by low cardiac output. -
Anticancer Agent
Auriculasin is an anticancer agent that primarily targets VEGFR2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways. It effectively inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and suppresses angiogenesis, while also promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Additionally, Auriculasin demonstrates activity at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 with an IC50 of 8.92 μM. This compound is valuable for cancer research, particularly in studying prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and the development of anti-angiogenic therapies. -
Indole Alkaloid
Tetrahydroalstonine is an indole alkaloid that acts as a selective antagonist of the α₂-adrenergic receptor. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective effects and has been shown to modulate autophagy-lysosomal function through the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, Tetrahydroalstonine significantly mitigates injury to primary cortical neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, making it a valuable tool for research into neuroprotection and cellular stress responses. -
α/β-Adrenergic Agonist
Etilefrine hydrochloride is an α/β-adrenergic agonist that selectively activates α1 and β1 adrenergic receptors. By stimulating α1 receptors, it induces vascular smooth muscle contraction, thereby increasing peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Additionally, activation of β1 receptors enhances myocardial contractility and heart rate, improving cardiac output. Etilefrine hydrochloride is valuable for cardiovascular research, particularly in studies related to postural hypotension, chylothorax, and the management of low cardiac output conditions. -
Bombesin Receptor Antagonist
Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound that acts as an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. It demonstrates significant biological activities, including bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits potent antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, particularly cariogenic and periodontal bacteria. Additionally, it induces apoptosis while inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells, making it valuable for research in gastric cancer and atherosclerosis. -
Amino Acid Polypeptide Hormone Analogue
Sincalide ammonium is an amino acid polypeptide hormone analogue of cholecystokinin (CCK) that primarily targets gallbladder function. It is utilized in clinical settings for its ability to promote gallbladder contraction, thus facilitating the diagnosis of gallbladder and pancreatic disorders. By increasing bile secretion and causing the contraction of the gallbladder while relaxing the sphincter of Oddi, Sincalide ammonium aids in the efficient drainage of bile into the duodenum, making it a valuable tool in postevacuation cholecystography. -
Angiotensin Receptor Inhibitor
YS-49 monohydrate is a selective angiotensin receptor inhibitor, primarily targeting the angiotensin II pathway. This compound effectively reduces angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inducing heme oxygenase-1, offering potential therapeutic insights for cardiovascular research. Additionally, as an isoquinoline alkaloid, YS-49 demonstrates significant positive inotropic effects through the activation of cardiac β-adrenoceptors, making it a valuable reagent for studies involving cardiac function and vascular biology. -
CB1/P-gp Inhibitor
Voacamine is an indole alkaloid that acts as an antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and also functions as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. This compound enhances the efficacy of Doxorubicin by modulating P-gp activity, promoting apoptosis-independent autophagic cell death in human osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, Voacamine activates mitochondrial-associated apoptosis signaling pathways while inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thus suppressing breast cancer progression. Moreover, it demonstrates oncogenic activity against colorectal cancer by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). -
S1P1 Agonist
SEW2871 is a potent and highly selective agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor (S1P1), exhibiting an EC50 of 13.8 nM. This compound activates critical signaling pathways, including ERK, Akt, and Rac, and facilitates S1P1 internalization and recycling. SEW2871 effectively reduces lymphocyte populations in the bloodstream and shows promise for the study of various conditions, such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. -
5-HT5A Antagonist
SB-699551 is a selective 5-HT5A receptor antagonist with a pKi of 8.2 nM, demonstrating significant brain penetrance. This compound exhibits high selectivity over various 5-HT receptor subtypes, dopamine receptors, and α1B adrenoceptors. By disrupting Gαi/o-coupled signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, SB-699551 influences phosphorylation of key proteins such as CREB, ATF1, AKT, PRAS40, S6K, and FOXO1 in breast tumor cells. It serves as a valuable tool in the study of anxiety, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. -
Artificial Insulin
Insulin Detemir is an artificial insulin that regulates blood glucose levels by mimicking the effects of natural insulin. It activates the secretion of GLP-1 through enhanced expression of Gcg, utilizing signaling pathways involving Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) alongside CREB. This reagent is primarily used in research related to type 2 diabetes, facilitating studies on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. -
Dopamine β-hydroxylase Inhibitor
Fusaric acid is a potent dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor that reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in various tissues, including the brain, heart, spleen, and adrenal glands. By inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, fusaric acid disrupts mitochondrial integrity and activates key apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, -8, and -9. Additionally, fusaric acid regulates pivotal apoptotic proteins, inhibits fibrosis-related signaling pathways including NF-κB and TGF-β1/SMADs, and mitigates collagen deposition. Its applications extend to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy research, as well as studies on esophageal and liver cancers. -
Stable Isotope
Theophylline-d3 is a deuterated form of theophylline, primarily used as a stable isotope in research applications. Theophylline functions as a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, contributing to its ability to relax airway smooth muscle. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing IL-10 production and inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. This compound is valuable for studying asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mechanisms and therapies. -
CB2 Agonists
MN-25 is an orally active indolpyridone that functions as a selective CB2 agonist, exhibiting a Ki of 245 nM for CB1 and a potent 11 nM for CB2. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TNF-R release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, with an IC50 of 33 μM. In vivo studies have shown that MN-25 is effective in reducing acute inflammation in a mouse model at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg, making it a valuable reagent for exploring cannabinoid receptor biology and therapeutic applications in inflammation. -
Stable Isotope
Theophylline-13C2,d6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine), primarily acting as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist. This reagent enhances anti-inflammatory responses by increasing IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation, while also promoting apoptosis. It serves as a valuable tool for research into airway smooth muscle relaxation and the treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
α-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
Naphazoline is a potent α-adrenergic receptor agonist that exerts its biological activity through vasoconstriction and the reduction of vascular hyperpermeability. It effectively diminishes the levels of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, as well as IgE, GMCSF, and NGF. Naphazoline is widely utilized in research related to non-bacterial conjunctivitis and other conditions involving inflammation and vascular function.
