Fig. 1 · Structure

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L-DOPA

Dopamine Precursor

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine. L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA has anti-allodynic effects and the potential for Parkinson's disease.

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In Vitro Studies

In jejunal luminal contents from wild-type Groningen rats incubated with L-DOPA, chromatograms revealed that levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine coincided with tyrosine conversion to tyramine. With purified E. faecalis tyrosine decarboxylase (TDCEFS), L-DOPA had a reported Km of 3 ± 0.4 mM at pH 5.0. [1]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Levodopa Conversion in Rat Jejunal Contents

Cell-based study · Luminal contents from the jejunum of wild-type Groningen rats (n = 5) [1]

Jejunal luminal contents from wild-type Groningen rats were incubated with L-DOPA. Chromatograms revealed that levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine coincided with the conversion of tyrosine to tyramine.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
levodopa decarboxylation to dopamineReported result 1 mM levodopa; incubated for 24 h in an anaerobic chamber at 37 °C: Chromatograms revealed that levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine coincide with the conversion of tyrosine to tyramine.[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
1 mM
Exposure duration
incubated for 24 h in an anaerobic chamber at 37 °C
Method
suspended in EBB (5% w/v) containing 1 mM levodopa
Vehicle
EBB (5% w/v)
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: L-DOPA; Compound label in the paper: Levodopa

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Results > Upper small intestinal bacteria convert levodopa to dopamine (S2, S5); Methods > Incubation experiments of jejunal content (S126)

levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine: levodopa decarboxylation to dopamine; comparator: control samples — Results > Upper small intestinal bacteria convert levodopa to dopamine (S2); Methods > Incubation experiments of jejunal content (S126)

Substrate Affinity of Purified Tyrosine Decarboxylase

Biochemical assay · purified tyrosine decarboxylases from E. faecalis v583 (TDCEFS) [1]

Purified tyrosine decarboxylase from E. faecalis (TDCEFS) was assessed with L-DOPA. The reported Km was 3 ± 0.4 mM at pH 5.0.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Substrate affinity (Km)Km TDCEFS; pH 5.0: Km = 3 ± 0.4 mM[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
0.5 to 12.5 mM
Vehicle
200 mM potassium acetate buffer
Reported limits
Not stated in the sentences used: route, schedule, control.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: L-DOPA; Compound label in the paper: Levodopa

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Results > Tyrosine abundance does not prevent levodopa decarboxylation (S33); Methods > Enzyme kinetics and IC50 curves (S108, S109); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.h2, T1.r2)

Substrate affinity (Km): Substrate affinity (Km) — Results > Tyrosine abundance does not prevent levodopa decarboxylation (S33); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.h2, T1.r2)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
CAS Number 59-92-7
Applications Dopamine Precursor
Formula C9H11NO4
Molecular Weight 197.19
Synonyms Levodopa; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(O)=C(C=C1)O)C(O)=O

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

No reported solubility data are available for this product.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] van Kessel SP, Frye AK, El-Gendy AO, et al. Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun (2019). PMID: 30659181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08294-y Source material

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