Immunology & Inflammation related

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  1. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Shizukaol B is an anti-inflammatory agent derived from the lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene found in Chloranthus henryi. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells, effectively reducing nitric oxide production and downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Shizukaol B is suitable for research applications focused on neuroinflammation and related therapeutic strategies.
  2. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Chloranthalactone B is a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. Isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra, this compound effectively inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by targeting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Its role in modulating inflammation makes it a valuable tool for research in inflammation-related studies and therapeutic applications.
  3. Anti-neuroinflammatory Agent

    Grossamide is a natural compound extracted from the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa L. Its primary mechanism involves anti-neuroinflammatory activity, making it a valuable agent for research into neuroinflammatory conditions. Grossamide has potential applications in studies focused on neuroprotection and inflammation-related pathways in the nervous system.
  4. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    EM-163 is an anti-inflammatory agent that selectively targets the TIR domain of MyD88. By intervening in the inflammatory signaling pathways, EM-163 has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating inflammation and protecting against toxic shock. This compound is particularly relevant for research related to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) poisoning, providing a valuable tool for investigators studying inflammatory responses and potential therapeutic interventions.
  5. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Skimmin, a glucoside of umbelliferone, is primarily recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. Extracted from Hydrangea paniculata, this compound exhibits renal protective effects by enhancing creatinine clearance and mitigating kidney injury. Additionally, Skimmin demonstrates significant anti-amoebic activity against Entamoeba histolytica, as well as anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. Its influence on cardiac health is evident through the reduction of fibrosis and the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. Skimmin serves as a valuable research tool in the study of diabetes and associated metabolic disorders.
  6. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a phenylpropanoid compound that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase, with an IC50 of 7.36 μM. This compound effectively reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of TNF-α induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Its role in modulating inflammatory responses makes 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid a valuable tool for research in inflammation-related studies.
  7. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    9-Methoxycanthin-6-one, an alkaloid derived from canthin-6-one, acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound demonstrates notable anti-tumor activity and effectively inhibits LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. It is utilized in research applications focused on inflammation and tumor biology.
  8. Anti-inflammatory Agents

    (±)-Perillaldehyde is an anti-inflammatory agent that demonstrates significant biological activity by inducing JNK activation in RAW264.7 cells. This compound inhibits the expression of TNF-α, with an IC50 value of 171.7 μM, highlighting its potential in modulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, (±)-Perillaldehyde exhibits antidepressant effects through its action on the olfactory nervous system, making it relevant for research into stress-related disorders.
  9. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin is a flavonoid that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), with an IC50 value of 23.97 µg/mL. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and has been shown to inhibit the MDM2-p53 binding, thereby inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin exhibits antioxidant, antifungal, and antitrypanosomal properties, making it valuable for various biological research applications.
  10. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Episappanol is a natural compound derived from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan, functioning primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. This compound is valuable for research applications aimed at exploring inflammation-related pathways and potential therapeutic interventions for inflammatory diseases.
  11. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside is an anti-inflammatory agent that functions primarily by inhibiting the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 associated with High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This compound displays notable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, primarily through the inhibition of NF-κB activation and the subsequent reduction of TNF-α production. Additionally, it promotes the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and enhances autophagy via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, contributing to its antidepressant effects. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside is a valuable tool for research focused on inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
  12. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Edpetiline is an anti-inflammatory agent that targets the inhibition of IκB phosphorylation, thereby preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. This compound also inhibits p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK phosphorylation, leading to reduced intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, Edpetiline downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 while promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. It is suitable for research into conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
  13. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium is the taurine-conjugated derivative of hyodeoxycholic acid, serving as an anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively reduces the activity and expression of myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and IL-6, demonstrating protective effects against colonic damage in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis models. This compound is valuable for researchers investigating inflammatory pathways and therapeutic strategies in gastrointestinal disorders.
  14. Proinflammatory Cytokine Inhibitor

    Semapimod tetrahydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, specifically targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This compound effectively disrupts Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling with an IC50 of approximately 0.3 μM, thereby inhibiting p38 MAPK and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride holds promise for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders through its modulatory effects on immune responses.
  15. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Triamcinolone acetonide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signaling pathways. It effectively inhibits bFGF-induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells, promotes macrophage activation with anti-inflammatory properties, and reduces chondrocyte viability, contributing to cartilage degradation. This compound is valuable for research applications related to various inflammatory conditions, including atopic dermatitis.
  16. Anti-inflammatory Agents

    Balsalazide disodium is a prodrug that releases mesalamine in the colon, primarily targeting anti-inflammatory pathways. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in conditions such as colitis and demonstrates potential anticancer effects through modulation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. This compound is useful in research focused on gastrointestinal disorders and cancer therapy.
  17. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside is a potent anti-inflammatory agent derived from Cirsium maackii. This compound effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally, Luteolin 5-O-glucoside downregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages, making it valuable for research in inflammatory pathways and related conditions.
  18. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, contributing to its protective effects on cellular homeostasis. Ajugol demonstrates significant potential for research in conditions such as asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis due to its dual role in promoting autophagy and mitigating inflammation.
  19. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent

    2-Ethoxybenzamide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities. Its mechanism involves the induction of melanin synthesis through the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). This compound is valuable for research focused on hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases, providing insights into therapeutic applications and biological pathways involved in these conditions.
  20. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Salsalate is an anti-inflammatory agent primarily targeting the modulation of cytokine expression without direct cyclooxygenase inhibition. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects and has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, enhance insulin sensitivity, and mitigate the effects of metabolic disorders associated with high-fat diets. Salsalate is utilized in research pertaining to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, demonstrating its potential in the management of metabolic disorders.
  21. Anti-inflammatory agent

    DHMB (2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an organic compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells, making it valuable for research related to inflammation and gut health. This reagent is useful in studying the pathways involved in inflammatory responses and exploring therapeutic solutions for inflammatory disorders.
  22. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits significant biological activity by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoclast production, thereby improving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, Lupeol acetate shows antibacterial and anti-trypanosomic properties and has been observed to inhibit spermatogenesis in male rats, potentially leading to infertility. This compound is suitable for research applications related to inflammation, cancer, and reproductive health.
  23. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    β-Amyrin acetate is a triterpenoid recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including antifungal, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Research indicates that β-Amyrin acetate can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity by binding to the hydrophobic cleft of the enzyme, making it a valuable candidate for studies related to lipid metabolism and inflammation management.
  24. Anti-inflammatory Peptide

    SAP15 is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide derived from human beta-defensin 3, comprising 15 amino acids. This peptide effectively penetrates cells to downregulate intracellular inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5, which in turn reduces the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In LPS-induced macrophages, SAP15 demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, while also enhancing the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen, and decreasing osteocalcin levels in LPS-induced chondrocytes. SAP15 serves as a valuable tool in the exploration of inflammation regulation and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies for biomaterials.
  25. Anti-inflammatory

    (2R)-Octyl-α-hydroxyglutarate sodium is the sodium salt derivative of (2R)-Octyl-α-hydroxyglutarate, functioning primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in modulating inflammatory responses, making it valuable in various research applications focused on inflammation and related pathways.
  26. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    NPB-1575 is a potent, orally bioavailable anti-inflammatory agent that effectively targets neuroinflammation. It functions by activating the IRS2/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis, thereby combating ferroptosis and providing neuroprotection. NPB-1575 demonstrates efficacy in mitigating cerebral ischemic injury and enhancing neurological outcomes, making it a valuable tool for research focused on ischemic stroke and related neurodegenerative conditions.
  27. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Ligustrazine, an alkylpyrazine derived from Ligusticum chuanxiong, functions primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory and potential nootropic activities in preclinical studies with rat models. It is utilized in research focused on inflammatory pathways and cognitive enhancement, providing valuable insights into therapeutic applications in neuroprotection and inflammation modulation.
  28. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. It demonstrates significant biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, primarily by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Lutein is particularly noted for its protective benefits on ocular health and exhibits neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in the brain. This compound is biologically active when administered orally, making it a valuable reagent for studies in inflammation and neuroprotection.
  29. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Glafenine hydrochloride is a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. It demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effects by disrupting the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. This compound induces cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, while also lowering Tenascin levels in the extracellular matrix. Glafenine hydrochloride is applicable in the study of inflammatory diseases, vascular restenosis, and cystic fibrosis.
  30. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenolic compounds characterized by their electrophilic flavanyl units, primarily recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibit strong antioxidant activity and have been shown to possess anticancer effects, as well as cardioprotective, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Research applications include their potential use in treating conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency, capillary fragility, sunburn, and retinopathy.
  31. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Seselin is an anti-inflammatory agent that exerts its effects through multiple biological pathways. It has demonstrated potential in anticancer, antinociceptive, and antifungal activities. Seselin is suitable for research applications focused on inflammation and pain management. Its oral bioavailability enhances its utility in vivo studies.
  32. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Nepetoidin B is an anti-inflammatory agent that exerts its effects by modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Nepetoidin B also demonstrates antifungal and antibacterial activities. This natural compound, derived from Salvia plebeia R. Br., is suitable for research applications focused on inflammation and infectious diseases.
  33. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Myristinin A is a flavan compound that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by selectively inhibiting COX-2 activity, with an IC50 value of 16.9 μg/mL. It reduces the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2), effectively blocking the release of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, Myristinin A demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with an IC50 of 8.8 μg/mL. This compound is valuable for research into inflammation and infection, particularly in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
  34. Anti-inflammatory/Anti-microbial Agent

    Nyasol is a bioactive compound known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It demonstrates significant antifungal, antibacterial, and antileishmanial activities, alongside hyaluronidase inhibition. Nyasol effectively inhibits the binding of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to human neutrophils and suppresses neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting I-κB degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. This compound is valuable in research focused on inflammatory diseases and microbial infections.
  35. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Comanthoside B is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, making it a valuable reagent for studies focused on inflammation-related pathways. Its biological activity supports its use in exploring therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.
  36. Anti-inflammatory agent

    Hentriacontane is a long-chain alkane that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its bioactivity encompasses not only anti-inflammatory effects but also antitumor and antibacterial properties. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation modulation, cancer biology, and antimicrobial studies.
  37. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that functions as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable reagent in pharmacological research. Additionally, Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate has been shown to selectively target and eliminate non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting its potential in tuberculosis research and therapy development.
  38. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    5'-Methoxynobiletin is a polymethoxyflavone that acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Isolated from A. conyzoides, this compound exhibits significant antinociceptive properties, making it valuable for research focused on pain management and inflammation. Its efficacy in modulating inflammatory pathways positions it as an important tool for scientists investigating anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
  39. Anti-inflammatory compound

    Batatasin I is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from the tuberous roots of Dioscorea batatas. This natural product exhibits notable antifungal activity and has been shown to modulate inflammatory processes. Batatasin I is applicable in research focused on inflammatory diseases and may serve as a lead compound for the development of new therapeutic agents in this area.
  40. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Methylarbutin functions as an anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to possess urinary antiseptic activity, making it a useful compound in research focused on inflammatory conditions and urinary tract health. Methylarbutin can be utilized in studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms involved in inflammation and infection.
  41. Anti-inflammatory/immunomodulator

    Isozaluzanin C is a dehydrozaluzanin C derivative that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunomodulator. Isolated from Saussurea lappa, it has demonstrated the ability to ameliorate tissue damage in various organs, including the lung, kidney, and liver, in murine models of LPS-induced or CRKP infection. This compound is valuable for research on bacterial infections and sepsis, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses.
  42. Immunosuppressant/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Umirolimus is a macrocyclic triene lactone derivative of Rapamycin that functions as a potent immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Its high lipophilicity enhances its efficacy in targeted drug delivery systems, making it suitable for use in drug-eluting stents (DES). Umirolimus is utilized in various research applications focused on transplantation, cardiovascular interventions, and inflammatory disease models.
  43. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) primarily functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. This bioactive compound, derived from Eupatorium odoratum, demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor properties. It modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects and enhances coagulation time through the endogenous coagulation pathway. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 20.08 μg/mL, making it relevant for cancer research and therapeutic studies.
  44. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Ramifenazone, a pyrazole derivative, functions as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) primarily through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to reduced prostaglandin synthesis. It exhibits significant analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making it valuable for various research applications in inflammation and pain management studies. Its multifaceted properties support its use in investigating therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases and related conditions.
  45. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    2′-Hydroxygenistein is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from the natural sources Crotalaria pallida and C. assamica. It demonstrates concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the release of β-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils, exhibiting IC50 values of 5.9 ± 1.4 μM and 9.7 ± 3.5 μM, respectively. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research applications in inflammation studies and the modulation of immune responses.
  46. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Triptohypol C is a Tripterin derivative that functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent by specifically targeting Nur77. It exhibits a Kd value of 0.87 μM, facilitating the modulation of inflammatory responses through enhanced interactions between Nur77 and TRAF2 as well as p62/SQSTM1. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on inflammation and related signaling pathways.
  47. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Agent

    Deoxyartemisinin (2-Deoxyartemisinin) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent that selectively reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. This compound demonstrates efficacy in alleviating various forms of pain, including neuropathic and inflammatory pain, as well as reducing croton oil-induced ear edema. Additionally, Deoxyartemisinin exhibits anti-ulcer properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on inflammatory diseases, pain management, and gastric ulcers.
  48. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Selenomethylene blue is an antioxidant with potent anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to effectively inhibit inflammatory paw edema in rodent models, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammation-related pathways. Its applications extend to research in chronic inflammatory conditions and potential therapeutic interventions.
  49. Inflammatory Pathway Inhibitor, Oxidative Stress Inhibitor, Cancer Pathway Inhibitor

    Matairesinol is an orally active bioactive compound that functions as an inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress, and cancer pathway inhibitor. It effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB, while downregulating RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression and activity, and suppressing the activation of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Matairesinol is applicable in research on sepsis-mediated brain injury, osteoporosis, heart failure, atopic dermatitis, and various cancer models.
  50. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Isodorsmanin A is an anti-inflammatory agent that effectively suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This compound inhibits the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Isodorsmanin A is useful in research applications focused on inflammation-related disorders and the investigation of signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses.

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