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Cyclophilin D Activator
Talatisamine is an orally active cyclophilin D activator derived from the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. It functions primarily by preventing calcium-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with an IC50 of 78 μM and inhibiting delayed rectifier K+ channels with an IC50 of 146 μM. Talatisamine demonstrates significant antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation and preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity. Its diverse biological activities include antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects, making it a valuable tool in the study of ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation-related conditions, and Alzheimer's disease. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid is a bacterial inhibitor derived from Euphorbia adenochlora. It selectively inhibits the development of acid-fastness in mycobacteria without affecting their growth rates. Additionally, this compound exhibits hepatoprotective properties, likely attributed to its antioxidative effects, making it valuable for research in microbial resistance and liver health. -
Parasite Inhibitor
β-Hederin is a saponin derived from Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae) that demonstrates significant antileishmanial activity. It exhibits IC50 values of 1.5 μM against L. mexicana promastigotes, 68 nM against L. mexicana amastigotes, and 4.57 μM in THP-1 cells. This compound may be utilized in research applications targeting leishmaniasis, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies against parasitic infections. -
SIRT1 Activator
Scopolin is a naturally occurring coumarin derived from the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. It functions as an activator of SIRT1, playing a significant role in the modulation of metabolic pathways. Scopolin has been shown to attenuate hepatic steatosis via the activation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades, making it a valuable reagent for research into metabolic diseases and related therapeutic strategies. -
HIV Inhibitor
Gomisin G is a lignan derived from Schisandra chinensis that acts as an anti-HIV agent with an EC50 of 0.006 μg/mL. It exhibits anti-liver cancer and anti-inflammatory properties while utilizing an AKT-cyclin D1 dependent mechanism to target triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting phosphorylation rather than promoting apoptosis. Additionally, Gomisin G leads to G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. This compound is suitable for research applications focusing on HIV and various cancer types, including breast and liver cancers. -
Calcium Channel Activator
Gomisin J is a lignan derived from Schisandra chinensis that primarily acts as a calcium channel activator. It enhances nitric oxide bioavailability through eNOS activation and regulates lipid metabolism via the AMPK pathway. Additionally, Gomisin J exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting fetuin-A and NF-κB, while its activation of Nrf2/HO-1 boosts antioxidant capacity. This compound is relevant for studies focused on hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. -
Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor
Bayogenin is a triterpenoid saponin that primarily acts as an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase. This compound is derived from Medicago sativa and is notable for its ability to modulate glycogen metabolism. Bayogenin is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic regulation and the investigation of glycogen-related disorders. -
Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor derived from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.453 mM against mushroom tyrosinase. Additionally, it functions as an NF-κB inhibitor, contributing to enhanced blood circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. This compound is of significant interest in research applications focused on skin disorders and inflammation. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Praeruptorin A is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation, which is crucial for mediating inflammatory responses. This compound is valuable in research applications focused on inflammation-related signaling pathways and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. -
Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor
Sinapine thiocyanate is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor known for its multifaceted biological activities. This alkaloid, derived from cruciferous plant seeds, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, and radioprotective properties. Its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) highlights its potential in research related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease. -
HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
(Rac)-Dencichine, the racemic form of Dencichin, targets Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) by inhibiting HIF prolyl-hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) activity. This non-protein amino acid, derived from Panax notoginseng, exhibits significant biological activity in promoting HIF stabilization under normoxic conditions. Its ability to modulate HIF pathways makes it valuable in research applications related to cancer biology, ischemia, and metabolic regulation. -
Calcium Channel Antagonist
Praeruptorin E serves as a calcium channel antagonist and is the primary bioactive constituent derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum, commonly known as Bai-Hua Qian Hu. This compound exhibits a pD2′ value of 5.2, indicating its efficacy in inhibiting calcium influx in target cells. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research applications exploring calcium signaling pathways and related physiological processes. -
HCV Inhibitor
Deapioplatycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Platycodon grandiflorum, demonstrating effective inhibition of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This compound shows significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable candidate for research focused on HCV-related medicinal applications and therapeutic development. -
HIV Protease Inhibitor
Ganoderic acid B is a triterpene derived from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, functioning as an inhibitor of HIV protease. This compound exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease, with an IC50 value of 170 μM, making it a potential candidate for research into antiviral therapies. Additionally, ganoderic acid B has demonstrated the ability to inhibit Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen activation and may serve as a telomerase inhibitor, highlighting its broad potential in virology and cancer research applications. -
Anticancer Agent
(+)-Gallocatechin is a polyphenolic compound derived from green tea, primarily recognized for its anticancer properties. It exerts its biological activity by modulating various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. This compound is utilized in cancer research to investigate its potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action in tumor biology. -
α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Terazosin hydrochloride dihydrate is a competitive α1-adrenoceptor antagonist derived from quinazoline. It functions by promoting vasodilation and facilitating bladder outlet relief. This compound is primarily utilized in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and managing hypertension, making it relevant for research in urology and cardiovascular studies. -
Antibiotic for Poultry
Tylosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae, primarily targeting Gram-positive bacteria. It exhibits strong antimicrobial activity, making it effective in veterinary applications, particularly for the treatment of bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs, and cattle. Additionally, Tylosin tartrate is utilized as a feed additive to promote growth in livestock. -
Disaccharide
Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α(1→4) glycosidic bond, functioning as a reducing sugar. It serves as an essential energy source for various bacterial species, facilitating bioprocessing and fermentation studies. Additionally, maltose is utilized in various biochemical assays and as a substrate for enzyme activity analysis in research applications. -
Antibiotic for Poultry
Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae, primarily targeting Gram-positive bacteria. It exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, making it effective in the treatment of bacterial infections. Tylosin is commonly utilized as a feed additive to promote growth and improve health in poultry, pigs, and cattle, as well as for managing bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in these animals. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide with significant roles in carbohydrate metabolism. As an endogenous metabolite, it is primarily derived from the hydrolysis of sucrose and is found in honey, fruits, and various plants. D-Fructose is utilized in research to study metabolic pathways, energy production, and the regulation of blood sugar levels, making it an important compound for investigating metabolic disorders and diabetes. -
Monoterpene Ketone
Verbenone is a naturally occurring monoterpene ketone that functions as an anti-aggregation pheromone and attractant inhibitor. This compound disrupts the behavior of bark beetles, specifically Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus ponderosae, by altering their responses to baited traps. Verbenone is suitable for research applications focused on managing bark beetle infestations in forestry and ecological studies. -
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Methyl stearate is a fatty acid methyl ester derived from various natural sources, including Rheum palmatum L., as well as soybean and rapeseed oils. This compound exhibits significant potential as a biodiesel component, contributing to renewable energy research and applications. Additionally, it serves as a model compound in studies involving lipid metabolism and fatty acid analysis. -
Immunoadjuvant
Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate is an anionic surfactant derived from plant sources, functioning primarily as an immunoadjuvant. It exhibits antiimmunosuppressive properties, enhancing the immune response in various contexts. Additionally, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate possesses antiviral activity, making it valuable in studies focused on immune modulation and viral infections. -
Thrombopoiesis Drug
Chlorophyllin sodium copper salt is an orally active copper complex derived from chlorophyll, primarily known for its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. It plays a significant role in promoting hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, making it valuable in studies related to blood cell development and disorders. This compound is useful for research investigating hematological health and potential therapeutic applications in related fields. -
Disaccharide
Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes and is commonly utilized in animal models to investigate metabolic diseases, obesity, dietary preferences, and diabetes. This compound serves as an important tool in nutritional studies and research exploring carbohydrate metabolism. -
Bile Acid
Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate is a bile acid that functions as an amphiphilic surfactant derived from cholesterol. This compound primarily targets the S1PR2 and TGR5 pathways, leading to notable biological activities in cellular signaling. It is commonly utilized in research involving gastrointestinal physiology, liver function, and metabolic regulation, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on bile acid signaling and associated metabolic disorders. -
Anticancer Agent
(Rac)-[6]-Gingerol is a natural compound derived from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. This compound exhibits moderate anticancer activity, demonstrating effectiveness against various cancer types including lung, ovarian, melanoma, and colon cancer. Its potential as an anticancer agent makes it a valuable tool for research in oncology and related fields. -
Intermediate
Ibrutinib deacryloylpiperidine is a synthetic intermediate derived from Ibrutinib, primarily utilized in the development of modified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. This compound serves as a pivotal starting material for the Mitsunobu reaction, facilitating the synthesis of novel BTK inhibitors. Research applications include studies on targeted cancer therapies and enhancing the efficacy of existing BTK inhibitor compounds. -
Phytoestrogen
Bavachin is a flavonoid derived from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, functioning as a phytoestrogen that selectively activates estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with EC50 values of 320 nM and 680 nM, respectively. This compound exhibits key biological activity in modulating estrogen signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool for research involving hormone-related processes, reproductive biology, and studies of various estrogen-dependent conditions. Its application extends to exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting hormonal regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylpentanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from succinic acid, an important intermediary in the citric acid cycle. This compound plays a role in metabolic pathways and energy production within cells. It is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic profiling and the study of metabolic disorders. -
Ester
Isobutyl salicylate is an ester derived from salicylic acid and isobutanol, primarily exhibiting flavor and fragrance properties. It demonstrates irritant characteristics and is utilized in various formulations within the flavoring and fragrance industries. Its toxicity profile includes an LD50 of 1560 mg/kg when administered orally in rat models, providing important safety information for research and industrial applications. -
Natural Product
D-Sarmentose is a natural product derived from the leaves of Nerium oleander L. It serves as a key component in various biological studies and research applications due to its potential biological activities. The compound can be isolated and purified using techniques such as PVP- and charcoal treatment, followed by separation through paper chromatography and electrophoresis. D-Sarmentose is primarily utilized in investigations concerning its biochemical properties and therapeutic potential. -
Phenolic Compound
2,3,5-Trimethylphenol is a phenolic compound known for its antioxidant properties. It exhibits biological activity by scavenging free radicals and may have applications in studies related to oxidative stress. This compound is relevant for research in areas including biochemistry, pharmacology, and environmental science, particularly in the exploration of its effects on cellular biology and potential therapeutic benefits. -
Antifungal Agent
α-Terpinene is a monoterpene with notable antifungal activity, primarily derived from the essential oils of various aromatic plants, including Mentha piperita. It demonstrates efficacy against Trypanosoma evansi, indicating potential applications in trypanosomosis treatment. In addition to its antifungal properties, α-Terpinene exhibits significant antioxidant activity, making it a valuable reagent for further research in microbiology and pharmacology. -
Ferroptosis Inhibitor
Isoeugenol acetate is a ferroptosis inhibitor derived from isoeugenol. This compound has been shown to modulate cell death mechanisms associated with oxidative stress, making it a valuable tool for investigating ferroptosis in various biological contexts. Its applications extend to research in cancer biology, neurodegenerative diseases, and other conditions where ferroptosis plays a critical role. -
Natural Product
Stigmastane is a natural product primarily found in soybeans and belongs to the class of phytosterols. It exhibits cholesterol-lowering effects and has been studied for its potential role in regulating lipid metabolism. This compound is commonly utilized in research investigating the biological activities of sterols and their implications in human health, particularly in cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. -
Antimalarial Agents
Melicopine is an alkaloid derived from Z. simulans, demonstrating potent antimalarial and anticancer properties. It effectively inhibits both chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strains of P. falciparum, with IC50 values of 29.7 and 33.7 µg/mL, respectively. In cancer studies, Melicopine exhibits cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell lines PC-3M and LNCaP with IC50 values of 47.9 and 37.8 µg/mL, while showing minimal effects on non-cancerous HEK293 cells (IC50 greater than 100 µg/mL). This compound is a valuable tool for research in the fields of anticancer therapy and anti-infective strategies. -
Thyroid Peroxidase Inhibitor
Goitrin (S-Goitrin) is a potent inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase, effectively reducing iodine utilization by the thyroid gland. This compound is derived from glucosinolate-myrosinase reactions and is utilized in research concerning thyroid function and pathology. Additionally, Goitrin has demonstrated activity against the H1N1 influenza virus, making it relevant for studies in virology and infectious diseases. -
COX Inhibitor
Hamaudol is a chromone derived from Saposhnikovia divaricata, acting as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.57 mM, respectively. This compound exhibits significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool in research focused on pain relief and inflammation modulation. Hamaudol is suitable for investigations into COX inhibition and related biological pathways. -
Drug Metabolite
10-Undecen-1-ol is a drug metabolite derived from ricinoleic acid, serving as a valuable comonomer for the synthesis of functionalized polymers. This compound plays an essential role in the design of novel materials and biochemical applications, enabling the incorporation of various functional groups to enhance material properties. Its utility in chemical research positions it as a key reagent for studies involving drug metabolism and polymer chemistry. -
Biochemical Assay Reagent
Dimethyl decanedioate is a diester derived from sebacic acid, featuring two esterified methyl groups. This compound exhibits versatile biological properties, making it suitable for biochemical assays. It can be employed in research applications involving flavor and fragrance analysis, as well as serving as a plasticizer in polymer production. Additionally, dimethyl decanedioate may function as a neutralizing agent in drug synthesis, further expanding its utility in chemical research. -
Volatile Compound
(S)-Ethyl lactate is a volatile compound derived from plant fermentation, acting as an attractant for palm weevils in conjunction with specific pheromones. This compound is primarily utilized in pest monitoring and control research, enabling the study of pest behavior and the development of targeted pest management strategies. Its role in plant-insect interactions makes it valuable for ecological and agricultural studies. -
Aroma Compound
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine is an aroma compound primarily utilized for its distinct flavor profile in food applications. It can be extracted from Boletus edulis and has been observed to affect reproductive health by reducing seminal vesicle weight in rodent models. This compound plays a significant role in both flavor research and studies focused on the reproductive system. -
Hydrolysis Product
4-tert-Amylphenol is the hydrolysis product derived from the reaction of phosphorous acid 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl) phenyl ester and phosphorous acid 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl) phenyl triester. This compound displays valuable biological activity pertinent to studies of phosphorous acid derivatives. Its applications extend to chemical research involving synthetic pathways and the evaluation of hydrolysis processes in organic chemistry. -
Aromatic Aldehyde
2-Naphthaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde that serves as a versatile building block in organic synthesis. It is soluble in a range of organic solvents and can undergo various chemical reactions, leading to the formation of functionalized ketone derivatives. This compound is commonly utilized in research applications focused on synthetic chemistry and the development of novel organic materials. -
Natural Products
β,β-Trehalose is an analog of trehalose that functions primarily as a carbohydrate. It has been shown to support the growth of shoot tips in Cuscuta, making it valuable for research in plant physiology and development. Additionally, β,β-Trehalose is susceptible to hydrolysis by nonspecific β-glucosidase, which may have implications for studying enzymatic processes in various biological systems. -
Biochemical Reagent
Taxicatin is a biochemical reagent derived from the leaves of Taxus baccata. It is primarily investigated for its fermentative properties, making it a valuable compound for research in biochemistry and fermentation processes. Its biological activity may provide insights into metabolic pathways and enzymatic reactions in various biological systems. -
Natural Product
β-Phellandrene is a naturally occurring monocyclic monoterpene with broad-spectrum pesticidal activity. Derived from Carum petroselinum, it exhibits potent insecticidal properties, making it suitable for use as a natural pesticide. Additionally, β-phellandrene can serve as an effective oil additive and as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemical materials for research applications in agrochemistry and natural product studies. -
Precursor of naphthoquinone
1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of naphthoquinones, which are important in various biological processes. This compound has been identified as a metabolic intermediate of naphthalene metabolism and can be further degraded by certain bacteria, including Pseudomonas, leading to the production of compounds like coumarins and salicylic acid. Its applications span studies in microbial metabolism and the synthesis of bioactive natural products. -
Biological Reagent
Phanquone is a biological reagent derived from a hydride of 4,7-phenanthroline, functioning primarily as a precolumn derivatization agent for amino acids. This compound enhances the detection and quantification of amino acids in various analytical applications, contributing to improved analytical sensitivity and resolution. Researchers can utilize Phanquone in studies involving proteomics and amino acid profiling to obtain more accurate results in their assessments.

