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Monosaccharide
D-Glucose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide, serves as a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. As the most abundant form of glucose, it plays a vital role in energy production and is essential for various biochemical pathways. D-Glucose is also involved in signaling mechanisms related to cellular metabolic status and responses to biotic or abiotic stress, making it valuable in metabolic research and cellular studies. -
Contrast Agent
Meglumine, an amino sugar derived from sorbitol, serves as a contrast agent primarily through its role as a solvent and stabilizing agent in iodinated compounds. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, making it valuable in various biomedical applications. Meglumine is commonly employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, enhancing the efficacy of active molecules in imaging studies and therapies. -
LOXL2 Inhibitor, EMT Inhibitor
Escin IA is a selective LOXL2 inhibitor that targets epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), effectively suppressing cell invasion, migration, and metastasis in breast cancer models. Derived from the Aesculus chinensis Bunge fruit saponin fraction, it is identified as a key component in mitigating triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Additionally, Escin IA has potential applications in studying acute inflammation and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions. -
Saponin Compound
Escin IB is a saponin compound derived from the seeds and skin of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). It is known to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity, making it useful in studying lipid metabolism and obesity research. Additionally, Escin IB has potential applications in various studies related to gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic pathways. -
HIV Inhibitor
Sennoside A is an anthraquinone glycoside derived from the senna plant (Cassia angustifolia) that exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1. This compound demonstrates an IC50 value of 3.8 μM in preventing HIV-1 replication and effectively inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-related DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H, with IC50 values of 1.9 μM and 5.3 μM, respectively. Sennoside A serves as a valuable tool in antiviral research, particularly in studies of HIV-1 replication mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is a potent bacterial inhibitor derived from garlic extracts, primarily responsible for the antimicrobial properties of garlic. It demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains, making it a valuable reagent for research in microbiology and pharmacology. Allicin is commonly utilized in studies investigating natural antibacterial compounds and their mechanisms of action. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Saikosaponin A is an anti-inflammatory agent primarily derived from Bupleurum chinense. It effectively regulates lipid metabolism and promotes cholesterol efflux, making it relevant in early atherosclerosis research. Furthermore, Saikosaponin A acts as a potential agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), significantly enhancing its expression. This compound is particularly useful in studies related to hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. -
Alkaloid
Cephalotaxine is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Cephalotaxus fortunei, known for its antileukemic and antiviral properties. This compound exhibits significant anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) activity, making it a valuable tool in research focused on viral infections and cancer therapeutics. Its unique biological activities position Cephalotaxine as a potential candidate for further investigation in medicinal chemistry and therapeutic applications. -
Antibiofilm Formation
Usaramine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid derived from the seeds of Crotalaria pallida, primarily targeting antibiofilm formation. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects against biofilm development in Staphylococcus epidermidis, reducing biofilm formation by over 50% while maintaining bacterial viability. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on biofilm-related infections and antimicrobial resistance. -
Biochemical Assay Reagent
Driselase, derived from Basidiomycetes sp., is a complex mixture of wall-digesting enzymes primarily used as a biochemical assay reagent. It effectively promotes protoplast formation in fungi when combined with lyase, facilitating advanced studies in fungal physiology and genetics. Driselase demonstrates exceptional potency in polysaccharide digestion, enhancing both tensile and indentation compliances without inducing wall creep, even after extended digestion periods. This makes it an invaluable tool for researchers investigating cell wall dynamics and protoplast isolation. -
Antitumor Agent
Chlorotoxin is a 36 amino acid peptide derived from the venom of the Israeli scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, known for its antitumor properties. By functioning as a chloride channel blocker, Chlorotoxin inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and modulates ion channel activity. This compound is valuable for cancer research, particularly in studies investigating tumor biology and the development of targeted therapies. -
PLA2 Inhibitor
trans-Benzylideneacetone is a selective inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that demonstrates immunosuppressive activity. Derived from the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, this compound has significant implications for research in inflammation and immune response modulation. Its ability to inhibit PLA2 makes it a valuable tool in studies focusing on phospholipid metabolism and related biological pathways. -
Anti-allergic Agent
Cimifugin is an anti-allergic agent derived from the herb Cimicifuga racemosa. It exhibits properties that suppress allergic inflammation by modulating key factors derived from epithelial cells and regulating tight junction integrity. Additionally, Cimifugin demonstrates a capacity to reduce the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 macrophage cells while inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways triggered by LPS. This compound is valuable for research into mechanisms of allergic responses and inflammatory conditions. -
HBV Inhibitor
Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside derived from Rehmannia glutinosa, primarily targets hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibition. It exhibits a broad range of biological activities including neuroprotection, hypoglycemic effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, Catalpol demonstrates potential in anti-cancer and anti-spasmodic applications, making it valuable for various research contexts focusing on viral infections and related therapeutic interventions. -
Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Benzylacetone is a potent and reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase, targeting both monophenolase and diphenolase activities with IC50 values of 2.8 mM and 0.6 mM, respectively. This aromatic compound, derived from agarwood, is primarily used in research applications related to pigmentation and enzyme inhibition. Additionally, benzylacetone has been observed to influence appetite and locomotor activity, making it relevant for studies in metabolic processes. -
Natural Product
2-Pentylfuran is a natural product derived from steam volatile oils extracted from potatoes. This compound functions as a phytohormone, playing a critical role in plant growth and development. Its biological activity includes potential use in plant research, specifically in studies related to hormone signaling pathways and environmental responses. - Neryl acetate is an ester derived from the distillation of citrus oils, primarily exhibiting its role as a fragrance compound. This compound displays biological activity by acting as an antimicrobial agent and has applications in food flavoring, cosmetics, and perfumery. Its potential use in research includes studying its effects on microbial growth and its role in enhancing sensory properties in various formulations.
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Phenol
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, also known as p-anisaldehyde, is a phenolic compound recognized for its aromatic properties. This compound exhibits various biological activities, including potential neurotoxicity, with documented effects on mortality and host-seeking behaviors in certain organisms. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde is frequently utilized in chemical research for its role in studying plant interactions and assessing its ecological implications. -
Anticancer Agent
Heterophyllin B is a cyclic peptide extracted from Pseudostellaria heterophylla, exhibiting significant anticancer properties. It has demonstrated potential in the treatment of esophageal cancer by targeting specific cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression. This compound serves as a promising candidate for further research and development in cancer therapeutics. -
Triterpenoid Saponin
Polygalasaponin V is a triterpenoid saponin derived from the aerial parts of Polygala japonica. This compound exhibits significant biological activities, including expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidepressant effects. It is utilized in research applications exploring traditional medicinal uses and therapeutic potential for various inflammatory and infectious diseases. -
Cyclophilin D Activator
Talatisamine is an orally active cyclophilin D activator derived from the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. It functions primarily by preventing calcium-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with an IC50 of 78 μM and inhibiting delayed rectifier K+ channels with an IC50 of 146 μM. Talatisamine demonstrates significant antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation and preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity. Its diverse biological activities include antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects, making it a valuable tool in the study of ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation-related conditions, and Alzheimer's disease. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid is a bacterial inhibitor derived from Euphorbia adenochlora. It selectively inhibits the development of acid-fastness in mycobacteria without affecting their growth rates. Additionally, this compound exhibits hepatoprotective properties, likely attributed to its antioxidative effects, making it valuable for research in microbial resistance and liver health. -
Parasite Inhibitor
β-Hederin is a saponin derived from Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae) that demonstrates significant antileishmanial activity. It exhibits IC50 values of 1.5 μM against L. mexicana promastigotes, 68 nM against L. mexicana amastigotes, and 4.57 μM in THP-1 cells. This compound may be utilized in research applications targeting leishmaniasis, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies against parasitic infections. -
SIRT1 Activator
Scopolin is a naturally occurring coumarin derived from the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. It functions as an activator of SIRT1, playing a significant role in the modulation of metabolic pathways. Scopolin has been shown to attenuate hepatic steatosis via the activation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades, making it a valuable reagent for research into metabolic diseases and related therapeutic strategies. -
HIV Inhibitor
Gomisin G is a lignan derived from Schisandra chinensis that acts as an anti-HIV agent with an EC50 of 0.006 μg/mL. It exhibits anti-liver cancer and anti-inflammatory properties while utilizing an AKT-cyclin D1 dependent mechanism to target triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting phosphorylation rather than promoting apoptosis. Additionally, Gomisin G leads to G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. This compound is suitable for research applications focusing on HIV and various cancer types, including breast and liver cancers. -
Calcium Channel Activator
Gomisin J is a lignan derived from Schisandra chinensis that primarily acts as a calcium channel activator. It enhances nitric oxide bioavailability through eNOS activation and regulates lipid metabolism via the AMPK pathway. Additionally, Gomisin J exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting fetuin-A and NF-κB, while its activation of Nrf2/HO-1 boosts antioxidant capacity. This compound is relevant for studies focused on hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. -
Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor
Bayogenin is a triterpenoid saponin that primarily acts as an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase. This compound is derived from Medicago sativa and is notable for its ability to modulate glycogen metabolism. Bayogenin is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic regulation and the investigation of glycogen-related disorders. -
Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor derived from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.453 mM against mushroom tyrosinase. Additionally, it functions as an NF-κB inhibitor, contributing to enhanced blood circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. This compound is of significant interest in research applications focused on skin disorders and inflammation. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Praeruptorin A is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation, which is crucial for mediating inflammatory responses. This compound is valuable in research applications focused on inflammation-related signaling pathways and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. -
Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor
Sinapine thiocyanate is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor known for its multifaceted biological activities. This alkaloid, derived from cruciferous plant seeds, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, and radioprotective properties. Its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) highlights its potential in research related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease. -
HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
(Rac)-Dencichine, the racemic form of Dencichin, targets Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) by inhibiting HIF prolyl-hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) activity. This non-protein amino acid, derived from Panax notoginseng, exhibits significant biological activity in promoting HIF stabilization under normoxic conditions. Its ability to modulate HIF pathways makes it valuable in research applications related to cancer biology, ischemia, and metabolic regulation. -
Calcium Channel Antagonist
Praeruptorin E serves as a calcium channel antagonist and is the primary bioactive constituent derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum, commonly known as Bai-Hua Qian Hu. This compound exhibits a pD2′ value of 5.2, indicating its efficacy in inhibiting calcium influx in target cells. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research applications exploring calcium signaling pathways and related physiological processes. -
HCV Inhibitor
Deapioplatycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Platycodon grandiflorum, demonstrating effective inhibition of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This compound shows significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable candidate for research focused on HCV-related medicinal applications and therapeutic development. -
HIV Protease Inhibitor
Ganoderic acid B is a triterpene derived from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, functioning as an inhibitor of HIV protease. This compound exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease, with an IC50 value of 170 μM, making it a potential candidate for research into antiviral therapies. Additionally, ganoderic acid B has demonstrated the ability to inhibit Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen activation and may serve as a telomerase inhibitor, highlighting its broad potential in virology and cancer research applications. -
Anticancer Agent
(+)-Gallocatechin is a polyphenolic compound derived from green tea, primarily recognized for its anticancer properties. It exerts its biological activity by modulating various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. This compound is utilized in cancer research to investigate its potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action in tumor biology. -
α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Terazosin hydrochloride dihydrate is a competitive α1-adrenoceptor antagonist derived from quinazoline. It functions by promoting vasodilation and facilitating bladder outlet relief. This compound is primarily utilized in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and managing hypertension, making it relevant for research in urology and cardiovascular studies. -
Antibiotic for Poultry
Tylosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae, primarily targeting Gram-positive bacteria. It exhibits strong antimicrobial activity, making it effective in veterinary applications, particularly for the treatment of bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs, and cattle. Additionally, Tylosin tartrate is utilized as a feed additive to promote growth in livestock. -
Disaccharide
Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α(1→4) glycosidic bond, functioning as a reducing sugar. It serves as an essential energy source for various bacterial species, facilitating bioprocessing and fermentation studies. Additionally, maltose is utilized in various biochemical assays and as a substrate for enzyme activity analysis in research applications. -
Antibiotic for Poultry
Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic derived from the fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae, primarily targeting Gram-positive bacteria. It exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, making it effective in the treatment of bacterial infections. Tylosin is commonly utilized as a feed additive to promote growth and improve health in poultry, pigs, and cattle, as well as for managing bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in these animals. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide with significant roles in carbohydrate metabolism. As an endogenous metabolite, it is primarily derived from the hydrolysis of sucrose and is found in honey, fruits, and various plants. D-Fructose is utilized in research to study metabolic pathways, energy production, and the regulation of blood sugar levels, making it an important compound for investigating metabolic disorders and diabetes. -
Monoterpene Ketone
Verbenone is a naturally occurring monoterpene ketone that functions as an anti-aggregation pheromone and attractant inhibitor. This compound disrupts the behavior of bark beetles, specifically Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus ponderosae, by altering their responses to baited traps. Verbenone is suitable for research applications focused on managing bark beetle infestations in forestry and ecological studies. -
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Methyl stearate is a fatty acid methyl ester derived from various natural sources, including Rheum palmatum L., as well as soybean and rapeseed oils. This compound exhibits significant potential as a biodiesel component, contributing to renewable energy research and applications. Additionally, it serves as a model compound in studies involving lipid metabolism and fatty acid analysis. -
Immunoadjuvant
Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate is an anionic surfactant derived from plant sources, functioning primarily as an immunoadjuvant. It exhibits antiimmunosuppressive properties, enhancing the immune response in various contexts. Additionally, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate possesses antiviral activity, making it valuable in studies focused on immune modulation and viral infections. -
Thrombopoiesis Drug
Chlorophyllin sodium copper salt is an orally active copper complex derived from chlorophyll, primarily known for its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. It plays a significant role in promoting hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, making it valuable in studies related to blood cell development and disorders. This compound is useful for research investigating hematological health and potential therapeutic applications in related fields. -
Disaccharide
Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes and is commonly utilized in animal models to investigate metabolic diseases, obesity, dietary preferences, and diabetes. This compound serves as an important tool in nutritional studies and research exploring carbohydrate metabolism. -
Bile Acid
Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate is a bile acid that functions as an amphiphilic surfactant derived from cholesterol. This compound primarily targets the S1PR2 and TGR5 pathways, leading to notable biological activities in cellular signaling. It is commonly utilized in research involving gastrointestinal physiology, liver function, and metabolic regulation, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on bile acid signaling and associated metabolic disorders. -
Anticancer Agent
(Rac)-[6]-Gingerol is a natural compound derived from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. This compound exhibits moderate anticancer activity, demonstrating effectiveness against various cancer types including lung, ovarian, melanoma, and colon cancer. Its potential as an anticancer agent makes it a valuable tool for research in oncology and related fields. -
Intermediate
Ibrutinib deacryloylpiperidine is a synthetic intermediate derived from Ibrutinib, primarily utilized in the development of modified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. This compound serves as a pivotal starting material for the Mitsunobu reaction, facilitating the synthesis of novel BTK inhibitors. Research applications include studies on targeted cancer therapies and enhancing the efficacy of existing BTK inhibitor compounds. -
Phytoestrogen
Bavachin is a flavonoid derived from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, functioning as a phytoestrogen that selectively activates estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with EC50 values of 320 nM and 680 nM, respectively. This compound exhibits key biological activity in modulating estrogen signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool for research involving hormone-related processes, reproductive biology, and studies of various estrogen-dependent conditions. Its application extends to exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting hormonal regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylpentanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from succinic acid, an important intermediary in the citric acid cycle. This compound plays a role in metabolic pathways and energy production within cells. It is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic profiling and the study of metabolic disorders.

