Angiogenesis

O-Desmethyl gefitinib is an active plasma metabolite of gefitinib, formed via CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. It retains EGFR inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 36 nM in subcellular assays.

MTX-531 is an orally active small molecule that inhibits EGFR (IC50 = 14.7 nM) and multiple PI3K isoforms, with IC50 values of 6.4 nM (PI3Kα), 233 nM (PI3Kβ), 8.3 nM (PI3Kγ), and 1.1 nM (PI3Kδ), demonstrating potent antitumor activity. Additionally, MTX-531 functions as a weak PPARγ agonist (IC50 = 2.5 µM), which may mitigate PI3K inhibitor-induced hyperglycemia.

Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is an orally active, highly selective, and irreversible third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). It is designed to potently target both common activating EGFR mutations and the resistance-associated T790M mutation, which is a frequent cause of acquired resistance to earlier-generation TKIs. Rezivertinib also demonstrates excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetration, making it effective against brain metastases in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With its strong antitumor activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, Rezivertinib is a promising candidate for the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC, particularly in patients with CNS involvement or T790M-driven resistance.

Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) hydrate is an orally active, irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER4. It potently inhibits ErbB family signaling pathways, suppressing tumor proliferation and survival. Dacomitinib hydrate is a valuable agent for research into cancers, particularly metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where it demonstrates efficacy in targeting EGFR-driven oncogenesis.

PP 3 (Compound 3) is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.7 μM. It targets the EGFR signaling pathway, which is critical for cell proliferation and survival in various cancers. PP 3 is a useful tool for research into EGFR-driven malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, enabling studies on tumor growth inhibition and potential therapeutic strategies.

Tyrphostin AG1433 (SU1433) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR), with IC₅₀ values of 5.0 μM and 9.3 μM, respectively. By inhibiting these key angiogenic receptors, AG1433 disrupts downstream signaling involved in endothelial cell proliferation and migration, thereby effectively preventing blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). It is a valuable compound for research into tumor angiogenesis, vascular disorders, and anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies.

VEGFR2-IN-2 (compound 6e) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), exhibiting an IC50 of 19.32 nM. It effectively targets VEGFR2-mediated signaling, which is critical for tumor angiogenesis, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. VEGFR2-IN-2 is a valuable tool for research into anti-angiogenic therapies, particularly for cancers such as colorectal, breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, where VEGFR2-driven angiogenesis plays a significant role. Its high selectivity and potency make it suitable for studying VEGFR2-specific mechanisms in tumor progression and evaluating combination therapies with other targeted agents.

EVT801 is an orally active, selective VEGFR-3 inhibitor (IC50=11 nM) with potent antitumor properties. It suppresses VEGF-C-induced human endothelial cell proliferation and tumor-associated lymphatic angiogenesis in mouse models. EVT801 reduces tumor hypoxia, immunosuppressive cytokines (CCL4, CCL5), and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) production. When combined with immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), EVT801 enhances response rates and improves tumor inhibition in cancer mouse models. Additionally, EVT801 is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group, enabling copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with azide-containing molecules.

Tinengotinib (TT00420) is an orally bioavailable, spectrally selective small-molecule kinase inhibitor targeting Aurora A/B (IC50=1.2–3.3 nM), FGFR1/2/3 (IC50=1.5–3.5 nM), VEGFRs, JAK1/2, and CSF1R. It disrupts Aurora kinase-mediated cell cycle progression, inducing G2/M arrest, inhibits the FGFR/JNK-JUN signaling pathway, and activates the MEK/ERK-dependent apoptotic pathway. Tinengotinib exhibits potent anti-tumor proliferation, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and tumor microenvironment-modulating activities. It is a promising candidate for research in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), gallbladder cancer, and tumor immune microenvironment studies.

Gunagratinib (ICP-192) is a low-toxicity, orally active, irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that covalently binds to fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–4), potently and selectively blocking FGFR-mediated signaling. It is designed for the treatment and study of FGFR-driven cancers, including those with FGFR alterations implicated in tumor growth and survival.

Irpagratinib (ABSK011) is an orally active and highly potent FGFR4 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of less than 10 nM. It effectively inhibits FGFR4 autophosphorylation, thereby blocking downstream signaling pathways critical for tumor cell survival and proliferation. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice, rats, and dogs have demonstrated high systemic exposure of Irpagratinib, supporting its potential for oral dosing in clinical applications. In preclinical models, Irpagratinib has shown significant antitumor activity, particularly in subcutaneous xenograft tumor models, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of FGFR4-driven cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma.

Resigratinib (KIN-3248) is an irreversible, orally active covalent inhibitor targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFR1–4. It binds covalently to the conserved cysteine residue Cys492 within the kinase domain, effectively blocking FGFR signaling. Resigratinib demonstrates potent activity against both wild-type FGFRs and clinically relevant drug-resistant mutations, including FGFR2 V565F and FGFR3 V555M.

Lirafugratinib (RLY-4008) is an orally active, irreversible, and highly selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), with an IC₅₀ of 3 nM. It covalently binds to cysteine 491 (Cys491) in the FGFR2 kinase domain, enabling durable inhibition of FGFR2 signaling. Lirafugratinib is specifically designed to target FGFR2-driven cancers, including those with primary activating alterations and acquired resistance mutations, while sparing other FGFR family members to minimize off-target effects. It has demonstrated potent antitumor activity, including tumor regression, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for FGFR2-altered malignancies such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other solid tumors.

JBJ-09-063 hydrochloride is a highly potent, mutant-selective allosteric inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), specifically designed to target both TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant EGFR mutations. It exhibits exceptionally low IC₅₀ values of: * 0.147 nM for EGFR L858R * 0.063 nM for EGFR L858R/T790M * 0.083 nM for EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S * 0.396 nM for EGFR^LT/L747S JBJ-09-063 hydrochloride effectively suppresses phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream signaling components, including Akt and ERK1/2, thereby inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways. Its robust efficacy across a range of EGFR mutation profiles—including triple mutants that are resistant to third-generation TKIs—makes it a promising candidate for research and development in the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

AT-533 is a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), exhibiting strong antitumor and antiviral activities. It suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis by disrupting the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling axis, a critical pathway in tumor vascularization and progression. Additionally, AT-533 inhibits key downstream signaling cascades, including Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, ERK1/2, and FAK pathways. In endothelial cells, specifically human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), AT-533 effectively inhibits tube formation, cell migration, and invasion, highlighting its anti-angiogenic properties. These combined effects position AT-533 as a promising candidate for cancer therapy and angiogenesis-related disease research.

Keracyanin chloride is an orally active anthocyanin compound with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. It exerts its biological effects by inhibiting the NF-κB/FAK/MAPK signaling pathways, which are central to inflammation, cell adhesion, and metabolic regulation.

GSK143 dihydrochloride is an orally active and highly selective inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), exhibiting a pIC₅₀ of 7.5. It also inhibits phosphorylated ERK (pErk) with a pIC₅₀ of 7.1, indicating its ability to modulate downstream signaling pathways involved in immune responses. In preclinical models, GSK143 dihydrochloride effectively reduces inflammation and prevents the recruitment of immune cells to the intestinal muscularis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases, particularly those involving the gastrointestinal tract.

Chiauranib (CS2164) is an orally active, multi-targeted small molecule inhibitor with potent anticancer activity. It targets key kinases involved in tumor angiogenesis, including VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRα, and c-Kit, as well as mitosis-related kinase Aurora B and inflammation-associated kinase CSF-1R. Chiauranib exhibits IC₅₀ values ranging from 1 to 9 nM against these targets. Through simultaneous inhibition of angiogenesis, cell division, and inflammation pathways, Chiauranib exerts strong antitumor effects and is a promising candidate for the treatment of various solid tumors.

AG-825 is a selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of ErbB2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase, with an IC₅₀ of 0.35 μM. It exhibits both anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and has been shown to significantly accelerate apoptosis in human neutrophils. AG-825 also increases β₁-adrenergic receptor (β₁AR) density, suggesting potential cardiomodulatory effects. Due to its multifaceted biological activity, AG-825 is a valuable compound for research in oncology, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease.

Limertinib (ASK120067) is a potent and orally active third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that selectively targets the EGFR^T790M resistance mutation with an IC₅₀ of 0.3 nM, while exhibiting reduced activity against wild-type EGFR (EGFR^WT, IC₅₀ = 6.0 nM). It is being investigated as a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating and resistance mutations.

BLU-945 is a potent, highly selective, reversible, and orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It effectively inhibits EGFR variants harboring activating mutations such as L858R or exon 19 deletions, as well as resistance-associated mutations including T790M and C797S. BLU-945 is being developed as a next-generation therapeutic agent for the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in cases resistant to earlier-generation EGFR inhibitors.

CH7233163 is a noncovalent, ATP-competitive inhibitor that selectively targets the EGFR-Del19/T790M/C797S triple mutation, a known resistance mechanism to third-generation EGFR inhibitors such as Osimertinib. It effectively inhibits EGFR phosphorylation in Del19/T790M/C797S-mutant NIH3T3 cells and demonstrates significant antitumor activity in preclinical models. CH7233163 offers a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Sunvozertinib (DZD9008) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of ErbB family kinases, including mutant forms of EGFR and HER2, as well as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). It demonstrates strong inhibitory activity against a range of clinically relevant EGFR mutations, with IC₅₀ values of 20.4 nM for EGFR exon 20 NPH insertion, 20.4 nM for EGFR exon 20 ASV insertion, 1.1 nM for EGFR L858R/T790M, and 7.5 nM for HER2 exon 20 YVMA mutation. It exhibits reduced activity against wild-type EGFR (IC₅₀ = 80.4 nM in A431 cells), supporting its selectivity for mutant forms. Sunvozertinib is being investigated as a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancers harboring EGFR or HER2 exon 20 alterations.

Asandeutertinib (Osimertinib-d₃; AZD-9291-d₃) is a deuterated analog of Osimertinib, functioning as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It retains potent antineoplastic activity and is primarily used in research settings to study EGFR-driven cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations, while offering potential advantages in pharmacokinetics due to deuterium substitution.

(E)-AG 556 is a highly selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by blocking lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production. Its dual functionality makes it a valuable compound for investigating EGFR-driven signaling pathways as well as inflammation-related mechanisms.

Pebezertinib (BLU-451) is an orally bioavailable epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor with demonstrated central nervous system (CNS) penetration. It is specifically designed to target EGFR mutations, including exon 20 insertions, and is being investigated for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring these alterations. Pebezertinib represents a promising therapeutic candidate for overcoming resistance in EGFR-driven NSCLC, particularly in cases with CNS involvement.

Zelebrudomide (NX-2127) is a novel, potent BTK degrader that induces proteasomal degradation through targeted ubiquitination, rather than direct inhibition. In addition to degrading BTK, Zelebrudomide (NX-2127) enhances immune responses by stimulating T cell activation and increasing IL-2 production in primary human T cells, supporting its potential in cancer and immunotherapy research.

ALK/PI3K/AKT-IN-1 is a selective ALK inhibitor that demonstrates significant anti-proliferative effects on A549, H1975, and PC9 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.44, 0.83, and 1.51 μM, respectively. This compound induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase by enhancing p21 and p27 expression while inhibiting CDK2 and phosphorylated Rb activity. Additionally, ALK/PI3K/AKT-IN-1 disrupts the ALK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in A549 cells. It also effectively inhibits spheroid formation and growth in A549 cells, making it a valuable tool for cancer research.

FLT3-IN-32 hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of FLT3, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.29 nM, 0.77 nM, and 2.07 nM against the FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835Y, and FLT3-N676K mutations, respectively. This compound effectively reduces FLT3 phosphorylation and inhibits downstream signaling pathways such as STAT5, MAPK, and AKT, ultimately leading to apoptosis in FLT3-mutated Ba/F3 cells. Additionally, FLT3-IN-32 hydrochloride exhibits significant anti-tumor efficacy in the MV4-11 xenograft model, making it a valuable tool for investigations into acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

FAK Inhibitor 7 is a potent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.58 nM. This compound disrupts downstream signaling pathways associated with FAK, including Src and AKT, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and promoting cytotoxic autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, FAK Inhibitor 7 has demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting tumor metastasis and growth in preclinical ovarian cancer mouse models, making it a valuable tool for studying cancer biology and therapeutic interventions.

WB-308 is a small molecule EGFR inhibitor, designed to target the epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling pathways. In vitro studies demonstrate that WB-308 effectively reduces the proliferation and clonogenicity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, leading to G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, it demonstrates tumor growth inhibition in both lung orthotopic transplantation and patient-derived xenograft models. WB-308 was shown to impair the phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2 proteins, offering a promising alternative to existing EGFR-targeted therapies with potentially lower cytotoxicity.

ALK-IN-31 is an orally active inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), with an IC50 of 1135 nM. This compound demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity against H2228 lung cancer cells, showing an IC50 of 1.35 μM. ALK-IN-31 induces apoptosis and halts cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase by modulating mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it attenuates tumor growth by downregulating p-AKT and p-mTOR within the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

VEGFR-2-IN-77 is a selective inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), displaying an IC50 value of 139 nM. This compound effectively disrupts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cytotoxic effects specifically in leukemia and prostate cancer cells. VEGFR-2-IN-77 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis while inhibiting cell migration and invasion. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic strategies in leukemia and prostate cancer research.

Melafolone is a potent dual inhibitor of COX-2 and EGFR, displaying IC50 values of 13.2 μM for COX-2 and 17.4 μM for EGFR. This compound enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy by promoting vascular normalization and downregulating PD-L1 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and CMT167 models. Melafolone is suitable for applications in lung cancer research.

EGFR-IN-176 is an orally active, ATP-competitive inhibitor specifically targeting mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), notably the C797S-mediated triple mutant. This compound effectively suppresses AKT signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in Ba/F3 and PC-9 cell lines expressing the EGFR mutations EGFR19del/T790M/C797S and EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S. Selectivity is demonstrated by its lack of inhibition against wild-type EGFR-expressing A431 cells. Additionally, EGFR-IN-176 inhibits ALK enzymatic activity with an IC50 of less than 0.5 nM and serves as a valuable tool for research in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

KU004 is a potent dual inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), exhibiting significant anticancer properties. This quinazoline derivative effectively inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer SKBR3 cells through the induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest. KU004 interferes with HER2 and EGFR activation, subsequently blocking downstream signaling pathways such as Akt and Erk, and promotes apoptosis primarily via the extrinsic pathway. Its mechanism makes it a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in studies targeting breast cancer therapy.

PLS-123 is a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), displaying an IC50 of less than 5 nM. It effectively disrupts BTK's catalytic activity at Tyr551 and self-activation at Tyr223, leading to the inhibition of key signaling pathways, including AKT/mTOR and MAPK, as well as blocking PLCγ2 activation. PLS-123 exhibits potent anti-proliferative effects against a range of B-cell lymphoma cell lines, inducing apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism. Additionally, it demonstrates substantial antitumor efficacy in the OCI-Ly7 xenograft model, making it a valuable tool for research in lymphoma.

EGFR kinase-IN-8 is a potent inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), demonstrating strong inhibitory activity against both triple-mutated EGFR (L858R/T790M/C797S) and double-mutated EGFR (L858R/T790M), with IC50 values of 3.86 nM and 1.23 nM, respectively. This compound effectively suppresses EGFR phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling pathways, including AKT, STAT3, and MAPK. EGFR kinase-IN-8 has shown promising anticancer efficacy, particularly in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Afatinib oxalate is a potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of the ErbB family, specifically targeting EGFR and HER2. With IC50 values of 0.5 nM for EGFR wild-type, 0.4 nM for EGFR L858R, 10 nM for EGFR L858R/T790M, and 14 nM for HER2, it demonstrates strong inhibitory activity. This compound is primarily utilized in research on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and gastric cancer, making it valuable for studies focused on these malignancies.

Lazertinib mesylate hydrate is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. It demonstrates high potency against both activating mutations and the T790M resistance mutation, effectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK pathways. This compound induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer models, making it valuable for research on brain metastases and targeted cancer therapies.

EGFR-IN-113 is an EGFR kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.79 μM, effectively targeting the EGFR pathway. This compound induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation through the downregulation of Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. EGFR-IN-113 is suitable for research applications focused on EGFR-driven cancers, including lung, pancreatic, and breast carcinoma.

FAK-IN-22 is a selective inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with additional activity against JAK3 and Aurora B, exhibiting IC50 values of 50.94 nM, 9.99 nM, and 0.49 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor effects in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and causing G2/M phase arrest in PANC-1 cells, with an IC50 of 0.15 μM. FAK-IN-22’s action is primarily mediated through the inhibition of the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for studying cancer cell dynamics and signaling mechanisms.

FLT3-IN-34 is a selective FLT3 inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.4 nM. It effectively blocks FLT3 phosphorylation and disrupts downstream signaling pathways involving AKT and ERK1/2. FLT3-IN-34 induces a concentration-dependent G0/G1 phase arrest and promotes mild apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive MV4-11 cells, demonstrating potent anti-proliferative effects with IC50 values of 14.95 nM and 18.5 nM against MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cell lines, respectively. This compound is suitable for investigating FLT3-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and understanding FLT3-related signaling mechanisms.

DB07107 is a potent inhibitor of the T315I mutant Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, demonstrating resistance against this specific mutation associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. Additionally, DB07107 effectively inhibits Akt1 with an IC50 value of 360 nM, highlighting its dual-targeting capability. This compound is suitable for research applications related to cancer signaling pathways and the development of targeted therapies for resistant forms of leukemia.

BI-4732 is a potent, orally active EGFR inhibitor that functions through reversible, ATP-competitive mechanisms. It selectively inhibits the kinase activity of mutant EGFR variants, including L858R, T790M, and C797S, with IC50 values of 1 nM, while sparing the wild-type EGFR. Furthermore, BI-4732 effectively reduces the phosphorylation of key signaling proteins such as AKT, ERK, and S6K. Its robust intracranial anti-tumor efficacy has been demonstrated in the YU-1097 xenograft model that harbors the EGFR_E19del/T790M/C797S mutation, making it a valuable tool for research in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

BAY 2476568 is a highly selective inhibitor of EGFR targeting exon 20 insertion variants. It demonstrates potent inhibition of the kinase activity of various EGFR exon 20 mutants, including insASV, insSVD, and insNPG, with IC50 values of 0.09 nM, 0.21 nM, and 0.11 nM, respectively. BAY 2476568 effectively reduces phosphorylation of EGFR (Y1068), ERK1/2, and Akt (S473) in Ba/F3 cells harboring these mutations. This compound is valuable for investigating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.

Lazertinib mesylate is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, designed for oral administration and capable of penetrating the central nervous system. It demonstrates high efficacy against both activating mutations and the T790M resistance mutation in EGFR. By inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK, Lazertinib mesylate induces apoptosis and hampers tumor growth, as evidenced in mouse models of brain metastases. This compound is primarily utilized in research investigating non-small cell lung cancer.

Clifutinib is a selective inhibitor of the FLT3-ITD mutation, exhibiting an IC50 of 15.1 nM. This compound demonstrates potent antiproliferative effects against FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.5 nM and 1.4 nM for MV-4-11 and MOLM-13, respectively. Clifutinib disrupts FLT3-ITD kinase activity, subsequently inhibiting downstream RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT5 signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells. Additionally, it shows significant antitumor efficacy in mouse models bearing MV-4-11 or MOLM-13 xenografts, making it a valuable tool for investigating relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD-positive AML.

Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride is an EGFR inhibitor known for its role in inducing apoptosis in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL). It demonstrates phytoestrogen activity by selectively binding to estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) with an IC50 of 9.7 μM and inhibits EGFR with an IC50 of 2.37 µM. Additionally, Delphinidin 3-glucoside chloride exerts antitumor effects through the pAKT/IRF1/HOTAIR pathway and provides protection against oxidative stress, as well as inhibiting platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. This compound is useful in cancer research and studies related to hormonal regulation.

TL-895 is a potent, orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that functions as an ATP-competitive agent. It demonstrates high selectivity with an average IC50 of 1.5 nM against recombinant BTK and minimal activity against BLK, BMX, and TXK. TL-895 effectively inhibits BTK auto-phosphorylation at the Y223 site (IC50: 1-10 nM) and suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α in monocytes and macrophages. This compound is valuable for investigating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myelofibrosis (MF), and various B-cell malignancies.