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COX-1/HDAC/Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Gnetol is a bioactive phenolic compound isolated from the root of *Gnetum montanum* with diverse pharmacological properties. It potently inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 0.78 μM and exhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity. Gnetol is also a strong tyrosinase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 4.5 μM against murine tyrosinase, leading to suppression of melanin biosynthesis. In addition to its antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects, Gnetol modulates metabolic enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and adipogenesis pathways, making it a promising candidate for research in oncology, dermatology, and metabolic disorders. -
Poly(ADP-ribose) Synthetase Inhibitor
2-Methylquinazolin-4-ol is a potent competitive inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, exhibiting a Ki value of 1.1 μM. Additionally, it functions as an inhibitor of mammalian aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) with an IC50 of 0.20 mM. This compound has significant applications in research focused on cellular stress responses, DNA repair mechanisms, and metabolic regulation. -
DPP-4 Inhibitor
2-Methoxy-5-acetoxy-fruranogermacr-1(10)-en-6-one is a natural compound that functions as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. It exhibits significant binding affinities to both DPP-4 and α-Amylase, suggesting its potential role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. This compound may offer beneficial effects in antidiabetic research, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on diabetes management and therapeutic development. -
Tyrosinase Inhibitor
Kushenol A, a non-competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, effectively blocks the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA, with IC50 and Ki values of 1.1 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively. Isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens, Kushenol A exhibits antioxidant properties and also inhibits alpha-glucosidase (IC50: 45 μM; Ki: 6.8 μM) and β-amylase. This compound is valuable for research focused on skin whitening and anti-aging applications due to its enzyme inhibitory effects. -
α-amylase/α-glucosidase/Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-glucoside is a flavonol that acts as an inhibitor of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase. This compound has demonstrated protective effects on differentiating neuronal cells, specifically SH-SY5Y, against injury induced by Amyloid β peptide. Its enzyme inhibitory properties and neuroprotective effects indicate potential applications in Alzheimer's disease research and therapeutics. -
α-Glucosidase/α-Aamylase Inhibitor
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol is a phlorotannin that serves as an inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.16 mM and 0.53 mM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anti-diabetic activity, making it relevant for research focused on glucose metabolism and diabetes management. Its mechanism of action highlights its potential application in developing therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. -
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-2 is an oleanolic acid oxime ester derivative that acts as a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.28 µM. Additionally, it demonstrates inhibitory activity against α-amylase with an IC50 of 3.8 µM. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic disorders such as diabetes, where modulation of carbohydrate digestion is critical. -
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-2 is a potent dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, demonstrating IC50 values of 13.02 µM and 13.09 µM, respectively. This compound is primarily utilized in research investigating diabetic complications, offering significant insights into glucose metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes. Its dual mechanism of action makes it a valuable tool for studying carbohydrate digestion and its implications in hyperglycemia. -
α-glucosidase Inhibitor
MDL-25637 is an α-glucosidase inhibitor that effectively inhibits the activity of enzymes such as sucrose, maltase, isomaltase, glucose amylase, and trehalose in the intestinal tract. This compound is primarily utilized in diabetes research to investigate the regulation of carbohydrate absorption and its implications for glucose homeostasis. Its ability to modulate enzymatic activity makes it a valuable tool for studying metabolic disorders associated with diabetes. -
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.01 µM and 2.09 µM, respectively. This compound is utilized in biochemical research to investigate mechanisms of glycemic control and has potential applications in the management of hyperglycemia. The inhibitory activity of α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-1 makes it a valuable tool for studying carbohydrate metabolism and related metabolic disorders. -
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Glucosidase-IN-3 is an oleanolic acid oxime ester derivative that acts as an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.35 µM. This compound also demonstrates inhibitory activity against α-amylase, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on carbohydrate metabolism. Its potential applications include investigating the mechanisms of diabetes management and exploring the therapeutic effects of glycosidase inhibition in metabolic disorders. -
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-23 is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, demonstrating IC50 values of 73.68 nM and 146.18 nM, respectively. This compound is valuable for research focused on glucose metabolism and the management of hypoglycemia. Its ability to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes makes it a useful tool for studies investigating glycemic control and related metabolic disorders. -
α-amylase Inhibitor
Chinese gallotannin is a non-specific α-amylase inhibitor, exhibiting a Ki of 0.82 μg/mL against human salivary α-amylase. This compound demonstrates potential biological activity in modulating starch digestion and may be useful in diabetes research. Its inhibition of α-amylase activity positions it as a candidate for studying carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of α-Amylase, exhibiting an IC50 of 18.04 μM, and also targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50s of 21.04 μM and 22.2 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates antioxidant activity, making it valuable for studies related to diabetes and diseases associated with oxidative stress. Its biochemical properties make α-Amylase-IN-3 a useful tool for researchers investigating metabolic disorders and neuroprotective mechanisms. -
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
2,4,6-Triphenylaniline serves as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, demonstrating significant anti-diabetic properties. Its formulation in nano-emulsions enhances stability and bioavailability, enabling more efficient inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. This compound is valuable for research focused on glycemic control and potential therapeutic strategies for diabetes management. -
α-amylase Inhibitor, α-glucosidase Inhibitor
Lotusine is an α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor, demonstrating IC50 values of 30.60 μg/mL and 36.15 μg/mL, respectively. This compound modulates the EGFR-Akt-ERK signaling pathway by lowering the levels of phosphorylated EGFR, Akt, and ERK, leading to apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and reduced cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, Lotusine decreases lipid peroxidation and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx. Its potential applications include research in non-small cell lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, and autism spectrum disorder. -
α-Glycosidase Inhibitor
Inulobiose is a difructan disaccharide that serves as an α-glycosidase inhibitor, effectively inhibiting α-glycosidase and α-amylase activities with IC50 values of 1.87 mg/mL and 40.72 mg/mL, respectively. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on diabetes management and glomerular filtration rate assessment, contributing to insights in carbohydrate metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies. -
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-19 is a dual inhibitor targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 170.7 μM and 60.37 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory activity that may be beneficial in the study of carbohydrate metabolism and the management of diabetes. Its applications include examining mechanisms of enzyme inhibition and exploring potential therapeutic strategies for controlling postprandial glucose levels. -
α-amylase/α-glucosidase Inhibitor
ABCB1-IN-4 is a potent dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.63 μM and 0.14 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant potential in the study of diabetes by modulating carbohydrate metabolism. Its orally active nature makes it a valuable tool for research applications focused on glycemic control and related metabolic pathways. -
α-amylase Inhibitor
5-O-Coumaroylquinic acid is a potent, reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of α-amylase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 69.39 μM. This compound is valuable for research into diabetes, as it interacts with the enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, potentially aiding in the development of therapeutic strategies for glycemic control. Its inhibition of α-amylase may provide insights into managing postprandial glucose levels. -
α-amylase Inhibitor
8,3′,4′-Trihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural compound derived from Bidens bipinnata, acting as an α-amylase inhibitor. It exhibits a 22% inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity at a concentration of 0.556 mg/mL. This compound may be of interest for research in diabetes management and carbohydrate metabolism studies. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase, demonstrating an IC50 value of 18.8 mM. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, and diabetes management. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the role of α-amylase in digestive processes and can aid in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting carbohydrate absorption. -
α‑amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-8 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase, with an IC50 value of 58.1 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on type 2 diabetes, where the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism is of interest. Its inhibition of α-amylase can help in the understanding of glucose absorption and the subsequent effects on blood sugar levels. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-1 is a potent α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5509 μM, making it an effective tool for research in carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, it exhibits antioxidant activity, demonstrating an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging DPPH free radicals. This compound is valuable for studies related to diabetes management and the effects of oxidative stress on cellular health. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
3,5,6,7,8,4'-Hexamethoxyflavone is an α-Amylase inhibitor, demonstrating 28.3% inhibitory activity at a concentration of 500 μM. This compound is valuable in studying carbohydrate metabolism and has potential applications in diabetes research and obesity management. Its inhibitory properties make it suitable for investigating metabolic pathways and developing therapeutic strategies targeting α-Amylase. -
MAO Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-46 is a selective inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) with an IC50 of 26.8 nM, exhibiting weak inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50: 7.2054 μM). This compound also functions as an α-amylase inhibitor, presenting an IC50 of 19.46 μM. Its neuroprotective properties demonstrate the potential for investigating neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, while its ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals (IC50 values of 17.86 μM and 17.71 μM, respectively) highlights its relevance in research related to oxidative stress and diabetes. MAO-B-IN-46 shows minimal toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y cells. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-9 is a potent α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 14.64 μM. This compound is specifically designed for use in diabetes research, aiding in the exploration of glucose regulation and carbohydrate metabolism. Its inhibitory activity on α-Amylase makes it a valuable tool for studying potential therapeutic approaches to managing hyperglycemia and related metabolic disorders. -
HPA Inhibitor
HPA-IN-2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) with an IC50 value of 8.2 μM, demonstrating its efficacy in modulating carbohydrate digestion. In contrast, it shows significantly weaker inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 450.7 μM. This compound is utilized in research focused on diabetes and metabolic disorders, particularly in understanding the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. -
α-glucosidase/α-amylase Inhibitor
Sekikaic acid is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, playing a significant role in the management of carbohydrate metabolism. Its biological activities include hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, as well as antidiabetic properties, making it a valuable compound for research into metabolic disorders. Sekikaic acid has been shown to significantly reduce LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, while also promoting the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. This compound is an essential tool for studies focused on diabetes and lipid metabolism. -
α-amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-12 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase, exhibiting a mixed inhibition mechanism with an IC50 value of 0.15 mM. It also demonstrates an IC50 of 9.40 mM against α-glucosidase. This compound promotes glucose uptake in yeast cells and shows notable antiglycation activity at elevated concentrations. α-Amylase-IN-12 is applicable in diabetes research, providing insights into carbohydrate metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
Onjisaponin R serves as a specific α-amylase inhibitor, pivotal in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. It demonstrates significant potential in diabetes research by modulating blood glucose levels and enhancing glycemic control. This compound is essential for studies exploring therapeutic strategies for diabetes management and related metabolic disorders. -
α-glucosidase/α-amylase Dual Inhibitor
2,7"-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol functions as a dual inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, exhibiting IC50 values of 6.94 μM and 23.35 μM, respectively. This compound has demonstrated the ability to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mouse models. 2,7"-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol is valuable for research focused on diabetes and glucose metabolism. -
α-glucosidase/α-amylase enzyme Dual Inhibitor
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-7 is a competitive dual inhibitor targeting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, demonstrating IC50 values of 18.52 µM and 20.25 µM, respectively. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC50 values of 9.25 µM and 10.06 µM. α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-7 is valuable for research applications related to diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
Quercetin 3-(6″-caffeoylsophoroside) is a potent α-amylase inhibitor with an IC50 of 73.66 μg/mL, demonstrating significant potential for antidiabetic applications. Isolated from the hydro-methanolic extract of Cardamine hirsuta Linn., this compound exerts its biological activity by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting α-amylase. It is a valuable tool for researchers investigating the mechanisms and treatment strategies for diabetes mellitus. -
α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
3,4,6-Tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose is a mixed-type inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 334.6 μM against porcine α-amylase and 46.5 μM against yeast α-glucosidase. This compound demonstrates free radical scavenging capabilities, ferric-reducing power, and significant antioxidant activity. Its properties make it a valuable tool for research focused on diabetes and related metabolic disorders. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-13 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase that operates via a mixed inhibition mechanism (IC50 = 0.71 μM). This brain-penetrant compound has demonstrated the ability to significantly lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rat models and promotes notable histopathological improvements in the kidney, liver, and pancreas. α-Amylase-IN-13 is a valuable tool for investigating diabetic complications and evaluating therapeutic strategies for diabetes management. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
Gibbestatin B is an α-amylase inhibitor that targets the expression of α-amylase induced by gibberellin in de-embryonated rice and barley, with an IC50 ranging from 25 to 50 ppm. Its specific action on α-amylase makes it a valuable tool in studying carbohydrate metabolism and plant physiological responses to gibberellin. Notably, Gibbestatin B exhibits no antibacterial, anti-yeast, or antifungal activity at concentrations of 100 ppm, allowing for focused research on its enzymatic inhibition. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 5.00 µM. This compound is valuable for research focusing on type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing insights into carbohydrate metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies. Its ability to modulate α-amylase activity makes it a useful tool in studies aimed at understanding metabolic disorders and developing anti-diabetic agents. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-7 is a specific inhibitor of α-Amylase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 40 μM. This compound demonstrates potential as an antidiabetic agent by regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Research applications may include the study of glycemic control and the development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes management. -
glucosidase I/II inhibitor
Deoxynojirimycin is a Maltase-glucoamylase (a-glucosidase I and II) inhibitor. It interferes with N-linked glycosylation. -
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Inhibitor
trans-Chalcone is an effective inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and α-amylase, offering significant potential in metabolic research. Isolated from the skin of Aronia melanocarpa, this biphenolic compound induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, demonstrating its utility in cancer studies. Additionally, trans-Chalcone exhibits antifungal properties, making it applicable in studies of both cancer and microbial pathogenicity. -
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Antidiabetic agent 2 is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor that effectively promotes glucose uptake. This compound also inhibits PTP-1B, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.036, 0.042, 0.241, and 0.185 μM, respectively. By decreasing blood glucose levels, Antidiabetic agent 2 serves as a valuable tool for research focused on diabetes management and the modulation of glucose homeostasis. -
α-Amylase Inhibitor
α-Amylase-IN-14 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase, demonstrating robust interactions with the enzyme (-5.55 kcal/mol). This compound serves as a dual anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic agent, exhibiting significant radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. α-Amylase-IN-14 is valuable for research focused on diabetes and related metabolic disorders. -
α-glucosidase/α-amylase Inhibitor
2-Hydroxyquinoline is a selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, exhibiting IC50 values of 64.4 µg/mL and 130.5 µg/mL, respectively. This compound is valuable for investigating carbohydrate metabolism and can be utilized in research related to diabetes management and treatment strategies. Its inhibitory effects contribute to a deeper understanding of enzymatic roles in glucose absorption and metabolism.

