Amylases

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  1. CCK antagonist

    Proglumide sodium salt is a non-selective cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist. It inhibits CCK-stimulated amylase secretion and prevents CCK-induced 2-deoxyglucose uptake in mouse pancreatic acini.
  2. glucosidase I/II inhibitor

    Deoxynojirimycin is a Maltase-glucoamylase (a-glucosidase I and II) inhibitor. It interferes with N-linked glycosylation.
  3. Rimtoregtide is a polypeptide compound which significantly reduces the increase in the levels of amylase and lipase in the blood caused by acute pancreatitis. Rimtoregtide has the potential for the research of pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis (extracted from patent WO2018205233A1).
  4. COX-1/HDAC/Tyrosinase Inhibitor

    Gnetol is a bioactive phenolic compound isolated from the root of *Gnetum montanum* with diverse pharmacological properties. It potently inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC₅₀ of 0.78 μM and exhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity. Gnetol is also a strong tyrosinase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 4.5 μM against murine tyrosinase, leading to suppression of melanin biosynthesis. In addition to its antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects, Gnetol modulates metabolic enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and adipogenesis pathways, making it a promising candidate for research in oncology, dermatology, and metabolic disorders.
  5. Anti-inflammatory/Anti-tumor/Anti-mite Agent

    2′-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyacetophenone is an acetophenone derivative that modulates inflammatory responses primarily through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor properties, particularly against ovarian cancer, and exhibits acaricidal activity. Additionally, it effectively inhibits enzymes such as α-amylase, collagenase, and aldose reductase with IC50 values of 0.928 μM, 3.264 μM, and 20.046 μM, respectively, indicating its potential in diabetes research.
  6. Amylase Substrate

    Maltotetraose is a carbohydrate compound that serves as a substrate for enzyme-linked assays to measure amylase activity in biological fluids. Its primary biological activity includes the reduction of TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses through inhibition of NF-κB activity and decreased expression of ICAM-1. Additionally, maltotetraose inhibits PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and neovascularization. Its derivatives can also be utilized as probes for detecting bacterial infections by targeting the maltodextrin transporter, making maltotetraose a valuable tool in research related to atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases.
  7. Antifungal Agent

    Decussatin is an α-Amylase inhibitor derived from the Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii. By inhibiting the enzymatic activity of α-Amylases, Decussatin effectively reduces the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates, leading to decreased glucose absorption in the intestines and lower blood glucose levels. While it demonstrates limited antibacterial and antifungal properties, Decussatin is primarily utilized in the study of type 2 diabetes and its management.
  8. Poly(ADP-ribose) Synthetase Inhibitor

    2-Methylquinazolin-4-ol is a potent competitive inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, exhibiting a Ki value of 1.1 μM. Additionally, it functions as an inhibitor of mammalian aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) with an IC50 of 0.20 mM. This compound has significant applications in research focused on cellular stress responses, DNA repair mechanisms, and metabolic regulation.
  9. Hydrocholeretic Agent

    Dehydrocholic acid sodium is a hydrocholeretic agent that enhances bile production and secretion. It possesses the ability to modulate autophagy, decrease serum levels of amylase and lipase, protect hepatic function, and regulate cholesterol metabolism. This compound is particularly relevant for research on acute biliary pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, providing insights into its potential therapeutic benefits in liver and pancreatic disorders.
  10. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Inhibitor

    trans-Chalcone is an effective inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and α-amylase, offering significant potential in metabolic research. Isolated from the skin of Aronia melanocarpa, this biphenolic compound induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, demonstrating its utility in cancer studies. Additionally, trans-Chalcone exhibits antifungal properties, making it applicable in studies of both cancer and microbial pathogenicity.
  11. DPP-4 Inhibitor

    Antidiabetic agent 2 is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor that effectively promotes glucose uptake. This compound also inhibits PTP-1B, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.036, 0.042, 0.241, and 0.185 μM, respectively. By decreasing blood glucose levels, Antidiabetic agent 2 serves as a valuable tool for research focused on diabetes management and the modulation of glucose homeostasis.
  12. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-14 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase, demonstrating robust interactions with the enzyme (-5.55 kcal/mol). This compound serves as a dual anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic agent, exhibiting significant radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. α-Amylase-IN-14 is valuable for research focused on diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
  13. DPP-4 Inhibitor

    2-Methoxy-5-acetoxy-fruranogermacr-1(10)-en-6-one is a natural compound that functions as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. It exhibits significant binding affinities to both DPP-4 and α-Amylase, suggesting its potential role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. This compound may offer beneficial effects in antidiabetic research, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on diabetes management and therapeutic development.
  14. Antibacterial Agent

    1-Hydroxyphenazine is an antibacterial agent that targets α-Amylase with an IC50 value of 3.1 μg/mL. This compound demonstrates significant anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, effectively reducing proliferation in A549, 1321N1, and RAW264.7 cell lines. Additionally, 1-Hydroxyphenazine exhibits notable antifungal and antibacterial properties against pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas campestris, making it a valuable reagent for various biological research applications.
  15. Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist

    A-65186 is a cholecystokinin (CCK) A receptor antagonist that effectively inhibits CCK8-induced amylase secretion. This compound exhibits high binding affinity for pancreatic CCK-A receptors and demonstrates over 500-fold selectivity for CCK-A over CCK-B receptors. It serves as a valuable tool in research focused on gastrointestinal physiology and the role of CCK signaling in pancreatic function.
  16. CCK-A Receptor Agonist

    A71378 is a selective CCK-A receptor agonist with an IC50 of 0.4 nM for the pancreatic CCK-A receptor, and significantly higher IC50 values for the cortical CCK-B and gastrin receptors at 300 nM and 1,200 nM, respectively. This compound effectively stimulates pancreatic amylase secretion with an EC50 of 0.16 nM and induces ileal muscle contraction with an EC50 of 3.7 nM. A71378 is valuable for research applications focusing on gastrointestinal pharmacology and the role of CCK-A receptors in digestive processes.
  17. CCK-4 Analog

    A-70874 is a tyrosine-free tetrapeptide analog of cholecystokinin (CCK-4), acting as an agonist for pancreatic amylase release. It also serves as a partial agonist, promoting phosphoinositide decomposition in pancreatic cells. With an IC50 of 4.9 nM for the guinea pig pancreatic CCK receptor, A-70874 shows a notable affinity of 1.6 μM for the CCK-B/gastrin receptor. This compound is valuable for investigating the physiological roles of CCK receptors in both the digestive system and the central nervous system.
  18. GRP/BN receptor Antagonist

    BIM-26226 is a selective antagonist of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and bombesin (BN) receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 6 nM. This compound effectively inhibits BN- or GRP-stimulated amylase release with IC50 values of 0.3 nM and 0.2 nM, respectively. BIM-26226 shows high specificity for the GRP-preferring BN receptor subtype and does not interfere with the GRP receptor system. Additionally, it can induce the synthesis of somatostatin receptors while demonstrating no significant effect on tumor growth, making it valuable for research into neuropeptide signaling and related biological pathways.
  19. GRP/Bombesin Receptor 2 Antagonist

    ICI 216140 is a potent GRP/bombesin receptor 2 antagonist with an IC50 value of 2 nM. This compound effectively inhibits Bombesin-stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion and mitigates Bombesin-induced increases in blood pressure. ICI 216140 is valuable for research into the physiological roles of bombesin receptors and their implications in various pathophysiological conditions.
  20. Bombesin Receptor Antagonist

    [D-Phe12]-Bombesin is a bombesin receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 4.7 μM. This compound effectively inhibits bombesin-induced amylase release, exhibiting an IC50 of 4 μM. It is valuable for research applications exploring the role of bombesin receptors in physiological and pathological processes, particularly in studies related to neuroendocrine signaling and cancer biology.
  21. Kallikrein

    Ono 3307 free base is a synthetic protease inhibitor that targets kallikrein and other serine proteases. It demonstrates protective effects against acute pancreatitis by inhibiting hyperamylasemia and pancreatic edema, while also reducing cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes in a dose-dependent manner. This compound has significant applications in research related to protease regulation and pancreatic function, making it valuable for studies exploring the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis and related conditions.
  22. Somatostatin (1-28) Derivative

    [Nle8] Somatostatin (1-28) is a derivative of somatostatin (1-28) in which norleucine substitutes for methionine at position 8. This compound enhances amylase release and elevates cyclic AMP levels in pancreatic acini. It is utilized in research to study pancreatic function and the regulatory mechanisms of peptide hormones in metabolic processes.
  23. GAL2R Agonist

    Galanin (2-29) (rat) is a selective GAL2R agonist with a Ki of 3.5 nM, exhibiting significant biological activity in modulating peptide secretion. This peptide has been shown to inhibit rat pancreatic protein and CCK-8-stimulated amylase secretion, making it a valuable tool for research on pancreatic function and gastrointestinal regulation. Applications include studies on neuroendocrine signaling and the investigation of galanin receptor pathways.
  24. Hydrolase Enzyme

    α-Amylase is a hydrolase enzyme that facilitates the hydrolysis of internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, producing glucose and maltose as key products. This enzyme plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism and is widely used in biochemical research to study starch degradation and enzymatic activity. Its applications extend to food science, biotechnology, and various analytical methods in the life sciences.
  25. α-amylases Substrate

    Maltopentaose is a substrate for α-amylases, serving as the shortest chain oligosaccharide. This compound is classified as maltodextrin and is instrumental in studies examining glycation and phosphorylation of α-lactalbumin. Additionally, maltopentaose facilitates the investigation of inhibition kinetics in human pancreatic α-amylase by compounds such as dehydrodieugenol B, making it valuable for enzyme kinetics and carbohydrate-related research.
  26. Antioxidant

    Acetylregaloside C is a natural antioxidant derived from Madonna Lily (Lilium candidum L.). This compound enhances the activity of α-amylase, which is essential in carbohydrate metabolism. Acetylregaloside C is useful in research applications focused on oxidative stress and metabolic disorders, contributing to the understanding of its potential therapeutic effects.
  27. α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-23 is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, demonstrating IC50 values of 73.68 nM and 146.18 nM, respectively. This compound is valuable for research focused on glucose metabolism and the management of hypoglycemia. Its ability to inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes makes it a useful tool for studies investigating glycemic control and related metabolic disorders.
  28. α-Amylase Substrate

    Ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltoheptaoside serves as a substrate for α-amylase, facilitating the assessment of enzyme activity. Upon degradation by α-amylase, along with auxiliary enzymes like α-glucosidase, it releases a chromophore that enables quantification of amylase activity. This reagent is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of pancreatitis and other related disorders.
  29. Amylase

    Bacterial α-Amylase targets and hydrolyzes internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, producing low molecular weight products such as glucose, maltose, and maltotriose. This enzyme plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism and is widely utilized in biochemical studies to understand starch biodegradation and enzymatic processes. Its action is fundamental in various applications, including food science and research on metabolic pathways.
  30. Amylase

    α-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler sugars, primarily maltose and glucose. This reagent exhibits significant activity in breaking down complex carbohydrates, making it valuable for various biochemical studies, including carbohydrate metabolism and enzymatic kinetics. It serves as an essential tool in food science, biotechnology, and clinical research applications where starch-related processes are investigated.
  31. α-amylase Inhibitor

    Chinese gallotannin is a non-specific α-amylase inhibitor, exhibiting a Ki of 0.82 μg/mL against human salivary α-amylase. This compound demonstrates potential biological activity in modulating starch digestion and may be useful in diabetes research. Its inhibition of α-amylase activity positions it as a candidate for studying carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders.
  32. Flavonoid

    Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide is a flavonoid that targets α-glucosidase and α-amylase, exhibiting inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 612.13 and 980.73 μg/mL, respectively. This compound is known to suppress NF-κB signaling and possesses free radical scavenging abilities, functioning as a protectant for tight junctions and alleviating intestinal mucosal barrier injury. Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide is relevant for research focused on type 2 diabetes and the impacts of severe acute pancreatitis on intestinal health.
  33. Alkaloid

    Lotusine hydroxide is an alkaloid that functions as a signaling pathway modulator and enzyme inhibitor. It exhibits notable inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 30.60 μg/mL and 36.15 μg/mL, respectively. Lotusine hydroxide effectively inhibits the EGFR-Akt-ERK signaling pathway by decreasing phosphorylated levels of EGFR, Akt, and ERK, leading to apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and reduced cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, it enhances antioxidant enzyme activities and is relevant for research on non-small cell lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, and autism spectrum disorder.
  34. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of α-Amylase, exhibiting an IC50 of 18.04 μM, and also targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50s of 21.04 μM and 22.2 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates antioxidant activity, making it valuable for studies related to diabetes and diseases associated with oxidative stress. Its biochemical properties make α-Amylase-IN-3 a useful tool for researchers investigating metabolic disorders and neuroprotective mechanisms.
  35. α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

    2,4,6-Triphenylaniline serves as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, demonstrating significant anti-diabetic properties. Its formulation in nano-emulsions enhances stability and bioavailability, enabling more efficient inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. This compound is valuable for research focused on glycemic control and potential therapeutic strategies for diabetes management.
  36. Pseudodisaccharide Moiety

    Acarviosin is a pseudodisaccharide moiety that serves as a potent inhibitor of α-amylase. This compound effectively interferes with carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting starch degradation, making it valuable in research focused on diabetes and obesity. Its activity can aid in elucidating the mechanisms of carbohydrate absorption and regulation in various biological models.
  37. α-amylase Inhibitor, α-glucosidase Inhibitor

    Lotusine is an α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor, demonstrating IC50 values of 30.60 μg/mL and 36.15 μg/mL, respectively. This compound modulates the EGFR-Akt-ERK signaling pathway by lowering the levels of phosphorylated EGFR, Akt, and ERK, leading to apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and reduced cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, Lotusine decreases lipid peroxidation and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx. Its potential applications include research in non-small cell lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, and autism spectrum disorder.
  38. α-Glycosidase Inhibitor

    Inulobiose is a difructan disaccharide that serves as an α-glycosidase inhibitor, effectively inhibiting α-glycosidase and α-amylase activities with IC50 values of 1.87 mg/mL and 40.72 mg/mL, respectively. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on diabetes management and glomerular filtration rate assessment, contributing to insights in carbohydrate metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies.
  39. α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-19 is a dual inhibitor targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 170.7 μM and 60.37 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory activity that may be beneficial in the study of carbohydrate metabolism and the management of diabetes. Its applications include examining mechanisms of enzyme inhibition and exploring potential therapeutic strategies for controlling postprandial glucose levels.
  40. α-amylase/α-glucosidase Inhibitor

    ABCB1-IN-4 is a potent dual inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.63 μM and 0.14 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant potential in the study of diabetes by modulating carbohydrate metabolism. Its orally active nature makes it a valuable tool for research applications focused on glycemic control and related metabolic pathways.
  41. α-amylase Inhibitor

    5-O-Coumaroylquinic acid is a potent, reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of α-amylase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 69.39 μM. This compound is valuable for research into diabetes, as it interacts with the enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, potentially aiding in the development of therapeutic strategies for glycemic control. Its inhibition of α-amylase may provide insights into managing postprandial glucose levels.
  42. α-amylase Inhibitor

    8,3′,4′-Trihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a natural compound derived from Bidens bipinnata, acting as an α-amylase inhibitor. It exhibits a 22% inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity at a concentration of 0.556 mg/mL. This compound may be of interest for research in diabetes management and carbohydrate metabolism studies.
  43. Antioxidant

    Luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is a flavonoid glycoside with notable antioxidant properties. It is derived from the aerial parts of Cyperus rotundus and has been shown to inhibit α-amylase activity. This compound is relevant for research applications focused on oxidative stress and diabetes, highlighting its potential role in managing metabolic disorders.
  44. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of α-amylase, demonstrating an IC50 value of 18.8 mM. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, and diabetes management. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the role of α-amylase in digestive processes and can aid in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting carbohydrate absorption.
  45. α‑amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-8 is a selective inhibitor of α-amylase, with an IC50 value of 58.1 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on type 2 diabetes, where the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism is of interest. Its inhibition of α-amylase can help in the understanding of glucose absorption and the subsequent effects on blood sugar levels.
  46. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-1 is a potent α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5509 μM, making it an effective tool for research in carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, it exhibits antioxidant activity, demonstrating an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging DPPH free radicals. This compound is valuable for studies related to diabetes management and the effects of oxidative stress on cellular health.
  47. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    3,5,6,7,8,4'-Hexamethoxyflavone is an α-Amylase inhibitor, demonstrating 28.3% inhibitory activity at a concentration of 500 μM. This compound is valuable in studying carbohydrate metabolism and has potential applications in diabetes research and obesity management. Its inhibitory properties make it suitable for investigating metabolic pathways and developing therapeutic strategies targeting α-Amylase.
  48. MAO Inhibitor

    MAO-B-IN-46 is a selective inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) with an IC50 of 26.8 nM, exhibiting weak inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50: 7.2054 μM). This compound also functions as an α-amylase inhibitor, presenting an IC50 of 19.46 μM. Its neuroprotective properties demonstrate the potential for investigating neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, while its ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals (IC50 values of 17.86 μM and 17.71 μM, respectively) highlights its relevance in research related to oxidative stress and diabetes. MAO-B-IN-46 shows minimal toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y cells.
  49. α-Amylase Inhibitor

    α-Amylase-IN-9 is a potent α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 14.64 μM. This compound is specifically designed for use in diabetes research, aiding in the exploration of glucose regulation and carbohydrate metabolism. Its inhibitory activity on α-Amylase makes it a valuable tool for studying potential therapeutic approaches to managing hyperglycemia and related metabolic disorders.
  50. HPA Inhibitor

    HPA-IN-2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) with an IC50 value of 8.2 μM, demonstrating its efficacy in modulating carbohydrate digestion. In contrast, it shows significantly weaker inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 450.7 μM. This compound is utilized in research focused on diabetes and metabolic disorders, particularly in understanding the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

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