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Fungal Lactone
Pestalotin is a fungal lactone and a secondary metabolite derived from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. This compound exhibits significant antifungal activity, making it a valuable tool for research in mycology and natural product chemistry. Its bioactive properties may facilitate the exploration of new antimicrobial agents and contribute to the study of plant-fungal interactions. -
Secondary Metabolite
Fumiquinazoline D is a secondary metabolite that acts as a mycotoxin. It exhibits significant biological activity by inhibiting various cellular processes, potentially impacting cell viability and proliferation. Fumiquinazoline D is utilized in research to study the effects of mycotoxins on human health and to explore its mechanisms of action in fungal biology and toxicity. -
Anticancer Agent/SV40 Promoter Activator
TMC-205 is a natural fungal metabolite that acts as an SV40 promoter activator. It exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. This compound is useful for studies on transcriptional regulation and the mechanisms of oncogenesis. -
Fungi Metabolites
Scytalone is a naphthalenone pentaketide that serves as a natural precursor to melanin. This compound is derived from certain tracheiphilous fungi and is relevant in the study of fungal metabolites. Research indicates that scytalone may play a role in grape esca disease, making it a valuable reagent for investigations into plant pathology and fungal biology. -
Ciosynthetic Precursor of Satratoxin G
Roridin L2 is a fungal metabolite that serves as a biosynthetic precursor to Satratoxin G. This compound plays a crucial role in the synthesis of Satratoxin G, which is known for its potential biological activities. Despite its significance in research applications, Roridin L2 exhibits minimal toxic activity both in vitro and in vivo, making it a valuable reagent for studying fungal metabolites and their derivatives. -
Metabolite
Eremofortin A is a natural metabolite derived from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including potential antifungal and cytotoxic effects. Eremofortin A is primarily utilized in research applications focused on exploring fungal metabolites and their therapeutic potentials in the treatment of various diseases. -
Acinar Morphogenesis Inhibitor
Fusarisetin A is a pentacyclic fungal metabolite that functions as an acinar morphogenesis inhibitor. This compound disrupts the normal formation and development of acinar structures in cells, making it a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of acinar morphogenesis. Its unique biological activity supports research in developmental biology and tissue engineering. -
C-14 Epimer
14-epi-Berkeleylactone F is a C-14 epimer of Berkeleylactone F, isolated from the fungus Penicillium turbatum NRRL 5630. While it demonstrates structural similarity to its counterpart, 14-epi-Berkeleylactone F exhibits no significant biological activity against a range of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Candida albicans, and the parasite Giardia duodenalis, as well as NS-1 murine myeloma cells. This compound may be relevant for studies focusing on epimerization and structural analysis in fungal metabolites. -
Secondary Metabolite
Neosartoricin D is a polyketide and a microbial secondary metabolite isolated from the culture of Aspergillus nidulans. This compound exhibits biological activity that suggests potential immunomodulatory effects, influencing host-pathogen interactions during fungal infections. Neosartoricin D serves as a valuable research tool for studying the mechanisms of fungal pathology and its impact on host immune responses. -
Fungal Phytotoxin
Radicinin is a fungal phytotoxin that functions as a target-specific bioherbicide, effectively inhibiting the growth of invasive Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). This compound exhibits significant biological activity by disrupting the metabolic processes of the plant, making it a valuable tool for managing invasive species. It is primarily applied in research focused on ecological restoration and integrated weed management strategies. -
Mycotoxin Metabolite
Asticolorin C is a mycotoxin metabolite derived from the fungus Aspergillus multicolor. It exhibits biological activity by potentially influencing cellular processes related to mycotoxin detoxification and metabolism. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focusing on mycotoxin biology, fungal ecology, and the assessment of mycotoxin contamination in food and agricultural products. -
Mycotoxin Metabolite
Asticolorin A is a mycotoxin metabolite derived from Aspergillus multicolor. It exhibits biological activity related to fungal metabolism and can be utilized in research exploring mycotoxin effects and toxicology. This compound may serve as a valuable tool for studying the biochemical pathways involved in mycotoxin metabolism and the impact of fungal metabolites on health. -
Fungicide
Cyazofamid is a fungicide that primarily targets the impairment of ATP production in fungal cells. It acts by inhibiting organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), with IC50 values of 1.54 μM and 17.3 μM, respectively. This compound is utilized in research to explore mechanisms of fungicidal activity and to develop effective strategies for managing fungal diseases in agricultural settings. -
Fungicide
Fenaminstrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that targets the cytochrome bc1 complex within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to the inhibition of ATP production. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in controlling a variety of fungal diseases, including Fusarium ear rot, downy mildew, rice blast, and pear scab. Additionally, Fenaminstrobin exhibits acute toxicity to the aquatic organism Daphnia magna, making it relevant for ecological impact studies. Its application in agricultural research focuses on crop protection and disease management in various plant systems. -
Antifungal Agent
Dapaconazole is an antifungal agent that primarily inhibits the activity of sterol 14α-demethylase cytochrome P450, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.4 μM. This inhibition disrupts the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, thereby exerting antifungal effects. Dapaconazole is applicable in research focused on fungal infections and the development of novel antifungal therapies. -
Antifungal Agent
VT-1598 tosylate is an orally active antifungal agent that selectively inhibits CYP51, demonstrating effective antifungal properties against Candida auris. Additionally, VT-1598 tosylate serves as a click chemistry reagent, incorporating an alkyne group that participates in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reactions with azide-containing molecules. This dual functionality positions VT-1598 tosylate as a valuable tool in both antifungal research and synthetic chemistry applications. -
CYP51 Inhibitor
CYP51-IN-21 is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51), demonstrating significant antifungal activity against various pathogenic fungi, including drug-resistant strains. By targeting CYP51, CYP51-IN-21 disrupts the biosynthesis of essential sterols, impairing fungal growth and viability. Additionally, CYP51-IN-21 effectively inhibits the formation of fungal biofilms, making it a valuable candidate for research in antifungal therapeutics and biofilm-related studies. -
Fungal Terpenoid
Terretonin is a fungal terpenoid derived from Aspergillus terreus, primarily targeting enzymatic pathways involved in its biosynthesis. Its production involves a complex sequence of reactions, including oxidation by cytochrome P450 Trt6, isomerization by Trt14, and final processing by the non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenase Trt7. This compound exhibits significant biological activity with potential applications in pharmaceutical research, particularly as a lead for developing novel antifungal agents. -
Mitochondrial Inhibitor
Fusaramin is a mitochondrial inhibitor that demonstrates potent activity against plant pathogenic fungi. It disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to the impairment of fungal growth and viability. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on plant disease management and the study of mitochondrial biology in pathogenic organisms. -
SDH Inhibitor
Inpyrfluxam is a potent inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), specifically targeting the ubiquinone binding pocket of the mitochondrial SDH complex subunits ViSDHB, ViSDHC, and ViSDHD. This inhibition disrupts cellular respiration, demonstrating efficacy in inhibiting conidial germination and mycelial growth of Venturia inaequalis in vitro. Inpyrfluxam is valuable for research studies focused on apple scab and related fungal pathogens. -
Acyltransferase Inhibitor
Amidepsine A is an acyltransferase inhibitor derived from the fungal metabolite of Humicola sp. FO-2942. This compound specifically inhibits the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT), which play a crucial role in lipid metabolism. Its biological activity makes Amidepsine A a valuable reagent for research applications focused on lipid biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. -
E. coli Metabolite
Carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide (CAIR) is a potent E. coli metabolite that serves as a valuable tool for studying the PurE enzyme's active site. It is instrumental in investigating the de novo purine synthesis pathway in fungi, allowing researchers to elucidate metabolic processes and potential enzymatic regulation. Additionally, CAIR can aid in further understanding bacterial and fungal metabolism, contributing to broader applications in microbiology and biochemistry research. -
Immunosuppressant
Homodestcardin is a destruxin-based cyclodepsipeptide that functions as an immunosuppressant. Derived from fungal sources, it exhibits significant inhibitory activity against concanavalin A (Con A) activation, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.86 μM. This compound is of interest for research applications focused on immune modulation and the study of autoimmune disorders. -
Biologically Active Metabolite
Varioxepine A is a 3H-oxepine-containing alkaloid that acts as a biologically active metabolite derived from the marine algal endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii. This compound exhibits inhibitory activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum, making it a valuable tool for research in phytopathology and the study of plant-fungal interactions. Its unique structural features may also provide insights into the development of novel antifungal agents. -
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Flubeneteram is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.0484 μM. This compound effectively disrupts the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, contributing to its biological activity. Flubeneteram has demonstrated protective effects against fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Sphaerotheca fuliginea in preclinical studies. It is a valuable reagent for research focused on fungal infection mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. -
Metal Chelator
Calcium disodium edetate hydrate is a metal chelator that effectively targets and binds divalent metal ions, including manganese (Mn2+). Its biological activity includes the disruption of mitochondrial function and interference with carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the synthesis of pyruvate during glycolysis. Additionally, Calcium disodium edetate hydrate exhibits antifungal properties by inhibiting the growth of Penicillium digitatum and delaying conidial germination. This compound is valuable for research focused on controlling citrus green mold and enhancing host defense mechanisms in citrus fruits. -
Nonionic Surfactant
Polyoxyl 40 stearate (PEG 40 stearate) functions as a nonionic surfactant, synthesized through the esterification of stearic acid with polyethylene glycol containing approximately 40 ethoxy units. It exhibits key biological activity in the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations and nanodrug carriers, facilitating emulsification and stabilization of active compounds. Applications include its use as a matrix component in solid lipid nanoparticles for the controlled release of encapsulated antifungal drugs, as well as serving as a base material for vaginal drug delivery systems, where it can be modified with acryloyl chloride to introduce polymerizable groups. -
Glucosaminide Substrate
VLPA-GlcNAc is a chromogenic glucosaminide substrate that serves as a valuable tool for the identification of Candida species. It can be utilized in the preparation of specialized agar media, facilitating the differentiation of Candida strains based on their enzymatic activity. This reagent is essential in microbiological research and diagnostics, particularly in clinical settings where rapid identification of fungal pathogens is crucial. -
Chlorinated Phenol Active Substance
4,5-Dichloroguaiacol is a chlorinated phenol active substance known for its role in various biochemical applications. It exhibits significant antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it valuable in studies focused on microbial inhibition. This compound is commonly utilized in research involving antimicrobial assays and as a standard in environmental toxicology. -
Chlorophenolic Compound
3,4,5-Trichlorosyringol is a chlorophenolic compound that is synthesized through the chlorination of syringol in carbon disulfide (CS2). This compound exhibits anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities, making it useful for research involving microbial growth inhibition. It is applicable in studies focused on phytopathology, environmental microbiology, and the development of antimicrobial agents. -
Nutritional Additive
Corn steep liquor serves as a nutritional additive, primarily utilized in liquid culture media for fungal cultivation. It enhances the production of mycelial growth and secondary metabolites, supporting research in microbial metabolism and biotechnology applications. This by-product of corn processing provides essential nutrients that promote optimal fungal development and yield. -
Immune System Modulator
Zymosan (ZM), 95% is an immune system modulator derived from yeast cell walls that primarily targets TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 receptors. It activates downstream signaling pathways that enhance TLR-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α mRNA expression, leading to increased serum TNF-α levels and improved splenocyte viability in murine models. Zymosan (ZM), 95% has been shown to inhibit melanoma growth, modulate macrophage marker gene expression, and induce pro-inflammatory factor production in human corneal cells. Additionally, it serves as a drug carrier and supports fibroblast cell attachment in hydrogel formulations, making it a valuable tool for research on melanoma, tumors, fungal keratitis, and ocular surface inflammatory disorders. -
Detection Substrate
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-maltotrioside functions as a sensitive enzyme substrate with chemiluminescent properties. It facilitates the detection of various enzymatic activities, making it suitable for diagnostic assays aimed at identifying bacterial and fungal infections, as well as other diseases. Its utility in research applications enhances the reliability of assays in clinical microbiology and molecular diagnostics. -
Immunity Enhancer
Tremella polysaccharide, a high molecular weight fungal polysaccharide, functions primarily as an immunity enhancer. This compound exhibits notable biological activity by modulating immune responses, making it relevant for research applications focused on addressing leukopenia induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its cosmetic grade designation further supports its potential in skin health and immune support formulations. -
Organosulfur Compound
Thiosalicylic acid, an organosulfur compound featuring both sulfhydryl and carboxyl functional groups, primarily functions as a desulfurizing agent. This compound is utilized as a ligand in the synthesis of azosulfonamide derivatives, which exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, thiosalicylic acid facilitates the formation of metal chelates, specifically with Fe3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, enhancing its versatility in various biochemical applications. -
Pyrrole Compound
Methyl 5-bromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate is a pyrrole compound with a unique brominated structure. Its primary biological activities include various antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This reagent is useful in chemical research focused on synthesizing novel pyrrole derivatives and studying their potential applications in pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. -
Antifungal/Antibacterial Agent
1-Heptacosanol (Heptacosan-1-ol) is a long-chain fatty alcohol exhibiting diverse biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial (active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), nematicidal, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. It can be isolated from the leaf extracts of Ficus septica and Lecaniodiscus cupanioides. 1-Heptacosanol demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungi and shows potential efficacy in controlling pepper anthracnose in phytopathological studies. This compound is a valuable research tool for investigations in fungal infections, oncology, and oxidative stress-related disorders.
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imidazole antifungal agent
Butoconazole nitrate (RS 35887), an imidazole antifungal agent, is active against Candida spp. and effective against vaginal infections due to Candida albicans. Butoconazole nitrate is presumed to function as other imidazole derivatives via inhibition of steroid synthesis. -
antifungal
(L)-alpha-Terpineol is a monoterpene alcohol. It is one of the components responsible for the antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil. α-Terpineol may be used in the synthesis of α-terpinyl esters of acetic acid and acetic anhydride via lipase-mediated esterification. -
Azole antifungal agent
Isavuconazole is the active component of the new azole antifungal agent BAL8557, exhibits MIC(50)s/MIC(90)s ranged from 0.002/0.004 mg/liter for C. albicans to 0.25/0.5 mg/liter for C. glabrata. -
antifungal
The compound 7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines. -
antifungal drug
Chlordantoin is an antifungal drug which can be used to treat vaginal candidiasis. -
fungal inhibitor
Antifungal agent 2 is a broad-spectrum fungal inhibitor which inhibits growth of pertinent species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus at a concentration as low as 0.5 μg/mL. -
fungal Cyp51 inhibitor
Quilseconazole (VT-1129) is a potent, orally active fungal Cyp51 (lanosterol 14-α-demethylase) inhibitor, binds tightly to cryptococcal CYP51, but weakly inhibits humans CYP450 enzymes. -
SDHI Inhibitor
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor that exhibits significant antifungal activity. By binding to the ubiquinone-binding site of mitochondrial complex II in fungi, Boscalid disrupts ATP production and aerobic respiration, effectively controlling a range of plant fungal diseases, such as gray mold, sclerotinia rot, and powdery mildew. In addition to its agricultural applications, research indicates that Boscalid induces apoptosis and alters lipid metabolism while causing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ROS accumulation in zebrafish models. Furthermore, it demonstrates chronic toxicity and impacts foraging behavior in honeybees, alongside exhibiting genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in cellular systems.

