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Acetylcysteine is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used primarily as a mucolytic agent and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Oral acetylcysteine is also used for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (a form of acute renal failure).
- Hua Xu, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2020, Apr; 12(4): 831 PMID: 32235588
- R Kasi, .et al. , Clinical Cancer Drugs, 2020, 2019, 7(1): 44 - 56
- Aciclovir is an antiviral agent primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as in the treatment of varicella zoster (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). It was seen as the start of a new era in antiviral therapy, as it is extremely selective and low in cytotoxicity.
- Kyra-Elisa Maria Redeker, .et al. , Biomolecules, 2022, Nov 9;12(11):1664 PMID: 36359014
- Takashi Azuma, .et al. , SEP PURIF TECHNOL, 2019, Apr; 212: 483-489
- Azuma T, .et al. , Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017, Aug;24(23):19021-19030 PMID: 28660504
- Azuma T, .et al. , Sci Total Environ, 2016, Apr 1;548-549:189-197 PMID: 26802347
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ntRT inhibitor
Adefovir dipivoxil is an orally-administered nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (ntRTI). It is used for treatment of hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus infection.- Ryogo Shimizu, .et al. , Hepatol Commun, 2024, Jan 5;8(1):e0351 PMID: 38180972
- Kazumoto Murata, .et al. , Gut, 2018, Feb; 67(2): 362-371 PMID: 27789659
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Antifungal compound
Amorolfine hydrochloride, is a morpholine antifungal reagent that inhibits D14 reductase and D7-D8 isomerase, which depletes ergosterol and causes ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cytoplasmic cell membranes. - Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. Amphotericin B induces K+ leakage, which is separate from its lethal action, as was demonstrated in human erythrocytes and is due to the inhibitory effect on the Na+/K+ pump.
- J Chen, .et al. , Biomater Sci, 2020, Jun 21;8(12):3430-3442 PMID: 32406432
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Derivative of artemisinin
Artemether has been shown to have significant anticancer and antitumor activities. It is demonstrated that artemether caused strong inhibitory effects on brain glioma growth and angiogenesis in rats. -
HIV Protease inhibitor
Atazanavir is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class. Like other antiretrovirals, it is used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -
HIV Protease inhibitor
Atazanavir is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class. Like other antiretrovirals, it is used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Azomycin(2-Nitroimidazole) is an antimicrobial antibiotic produced by a strain of Nocardia mesenterica, which is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. - Aztreonam is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (a monobactam), with the nucleus based on a simpler monobactam isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum.
- Sreevalli Sharma, .et al. , ACS Infect Dis, 2021, Nov 12;7(11):3009-3024 PMID: 34699190
- Pholwat S, .et al. , PLoS One, 2019, May 10;14(5):e0216747 PMID: 31075137
- Robert Bucki, .et al. , Infect Drug Resist, 2018, 11: 77-86 PMID: 29391814
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HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
BMS-707035 is an HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor. HIV-1 integrase (IN) represents a therapeutically advantageous viral target to treat HIV/AIDS in the clinic.
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HCV NS5A inhibitor
BMS-790052 is an NS5A inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.- TS Wahyuni, .et al. , Southeast Asian J Trop Med public health, 2020, 51(1)
- Miyayama Y, .et al. , Microbiol Immunol, 2019, Dec 19 PMID: 31854467
- Sato K, .et al. , Hepatol Res, 2018, Feb;48(3):E347-E353 PMID: 28834004
- Cefditoren pivoxil is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for oral use.
- Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin is used against staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase, due to its large R chain, which does not allow the beta-lactamases to bind.
- Viktoria Lazar, .et al. , Nature, 2022, 610: 540-546 PMID: 36198788
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Dihydropyrimidinase Inhibitor
Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects. -
PDGFR inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevec) is a number of tyrosine kinase enzymes specific inhibitor.- Aya Hasan Alshammari, .et al. , Biochem Pharmacol, 2022, Mar;197:114914 PMID: 35041812
- Takafumi Shima, .et al. , Oncol Rep, 2022, 47: 7 PMID: 34738628
- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
- BM Duggan, .et al. , Endocrinology, 2020, May 30;bqaa086 PMID: 32473019
- Li Li, .et al. , Leukemia Res, 2019, 78:12-20 PMID: 30660961
- Brittany M. Duggan, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 1578 PMID: 28484277
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HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor
Danoprevir is a potent inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A serine protease.- Deqiang Kong, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2024, Jun 8;15(1):4894 PMID: 38849338
- Xinyi Wang, .et al. , Nat Chem Biol, 2023, Oct 23 PMID: 37872400
- Mahim Khan, .et al. , BMC Complement Med Ther, 2022, Apr 2;22(1):98 PMID: 35366855
- Inês GARCEZ PALHA, .et al. , Biol Open, 2018, Nov 7 PMID: 30404898
- Hui Shen, .et al. , PLoS One., 2013, 8(12): e82299 PMID: 24358168
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glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Its potency is about 20-30 times that of the naturally occurring hormone hydrocortisone and 4-5 times of prednisone.- Ken Kobayashi, .et al. , Cell Tissue Res, 2022, Sep;389(3):501-515 PMID: 35748981
- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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Reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Didanosine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, effective against HIV and used in combination with other antiretroviral drug therapy as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). -
HIV integrase inhibitor
Elvitegravir (GS-9137) is a potent inhibitor of the strand-transfer step of integration mediated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase.- Lea El Khoury, .et al. , PeerJ Preprints, 2019, 7:e27833v1
- El Khoury L, .et al. , Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, Jul 1;488(3):433-438 PMID: 28478035
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Emodin is a purgative resin, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). It belongs to a family of compounds called anthraquinones, which have shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects
- Sakanashi M, .et al. , Circ J. , 2013, 77(7):1827-37. PMID: 23615023
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NRT inhibitor
Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection. -
Antiviral agent
Famciclovir(BRL 42810) is a guanine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections. -
Bcr-Abl inhibitor
Imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induced a sustained objective response in treating gastrointestinal stromal tumors with the inhibition of the KIT signal-transduction pathway.- Inge Govaerts, .et al. , J Hematol Oncol, 2021, 14: 97 PMID: 34167562
- Genevra Kuziel, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2020, Jul 28;12(8):E2083 PMID: 32731354
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NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor
Isoliquiritigenin is a licorice chalconoid, a type of natural phenols that is currently under experimentation phase testing for use as a cancer treatment as well as an aide for cocaine addiction. - Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI).
- Masaaki Toyama, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2022, Jun 21;66(6) PMID: 35604213
- Toyama M, .et al. , Virus Res, 2019, Oct 2;271:197677 PMID: 31376401
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anthelmintic and immunomodulator
Levamisole hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. - Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is active against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.03, 4, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively).
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Protein synthesis inhibitor
Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections.- Viktoria Lazar, .et al. , Nature, 2022, 610: 540-546 PMID: 36198788
- Zewen Wen, .et al. , J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2022, Sep;75(9):498-508 PMID: 35896611
- Meikle V, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2018, Nov 12. pii: AAC.01846-18 PMID: 30420480
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CCR antagonist
Maraviroc is an antiretroviral drug in the CCR5 receptor antagonist class used in the treatment of HIV infection.- Roman V Uzhachenko, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2021, Apr 6;35(1):108944 PMID: 33826903
- Karampoor S, .et al. , Int Immunopharmacol, 2020, Mar;80:106138 PMID: 32007705
- Taisuke Ito, .et al. , JCIA, 2020, 22 January
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synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Methylprednisolone is an apoptosis inducer and was also found to inhibit human small cell lung cancer cell growth in vitro. -
nitroimidazole antibiotic medication
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. - Nevirapine (Viramune) is a potent (IC50=84nM) and selective non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
- Joanna Ireland, .et al. , Front Microbiol, 2024, Mar 20:15:1385775 PMID: 38572241
- Polymyxin B Sulfate is a cationic surfactant antibiotic agent. A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, increases the permeability of the cell membrane.
- Pyrantel pamoate is a deworming agent in the treatment of hookworms (all species) and roundworms in domesticated animal; acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.
- Pyrazinamide is an antimycobacterial compound that inhibits the growth of the human M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
- Pyrimethamine(RP4753) is a medication used for protozoal infections; interferes with tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis from folic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
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HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir (MK-0518) targets integrase, an HIV enzyme that integrates the viral genetic material into human chromosomes, a critical step in the pathogenesis of HIV.- Joanna Ireland, .et al. , Front Microbiol, 2024, Mar 20:15:1385775 PMID: 38572241
- Michal S Barski, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2021, Aug 17;12(1):4996 PMID: 34404793
- Lea El Khoury, .et al. , PeerJ Preprints, 2019, 7:e27833v1
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Prototypical activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR).- Meikle V, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2018, Nov 12. pii: AAC.01846-18 PMID: 30420480
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HIV Protease inhibitor
Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Protease inhibitors block the part of HIV called protease.Ritonavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immature viral particles. - Sitafloxacin is a new-generation, broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone that is very active against many Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic clinical isolates, including strains resistant to other fluoroquinolones, was recently approved in Japan for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. Sitafloxacin is active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin and other quinolones and enterococci.
- Seyedeh Bita Mousavinafchi, .et al. , Food Sci Nutr, 2022, Nov 21;11(2):1142-1153 PMID: 36789060
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HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitor
Telaprevir (VX-950) is known as protease inhibitors that inhibits the hepatitis C virus NS3.4A serine protease.- Mahim Khan, .et al. , BMC Complement Med Ther, 2022, Apr 2;22(1):98 PMID: 35366855
- Adita Ayu Permanasari, .et al. , BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021, Oct 12;21(1):260 PMID: 34641875
- Che C Colpitts, .et al. , eLife, 2020, 9: e52237 PMID: 32539931
- TS Wahyuni, .et al. , Southeast Asian J Trop Med public health, 2020, 51(1)
- Stefan Bittmann, .et al. , J Regen Biol Med, 2020, 2(2):1-3
- Wahyuni TS, .et al. , J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2019, Dec 14 PMID: 31837259
- Jacobs CL, .et al. , Nat Methods, 2018, Jul;15(7):523-526 PMID: 29967496
- Apriyanto DR, .et al. , Jpn J Infect Dis, 2016, May 20;69(3):213-20 PMID: 26255732
- Mizuki Yamamoto, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2016, Nov; 60(11): 6532-6539 PMID: 27550352
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HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Tenofovir is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood. -
nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is employed as an anti-HIV agend and a reverse transcriptase inhibitor.- Ryogo Shimizu, .et al. , Hepatol Commun, 2024, Jan 5;8(1):e0351 PMID: 38180972
- Kazumoto Murata, .et al. , Gut, 2018, Feb; 67(2): 362-371 PMID: 27789659