Neuronal Signaling

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  1. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Dihydroflavokawin B is a selective COX-1 inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.22 μM, with moderate effects on COX-2 and 5-LOX. This compound demonstrates significant activity against the promastigote forms of Leishmania panamensis and Leishmania braziliensis, making it a valuable tool for leishmaniasis research. Additionally, Dihydroflavokawin B inhibits rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor, and adenosine diphosphate, highlighting its potential for in vitro anti-inflammatory studies.
  2. COX Inhibitor

    Serratiopeptidase is a zinc-containing metalloprotease that primarily acts as a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. It effectively reduces the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and interleukins, alleviating pain and swelling. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Serratiopeptidase exhibits mucolytic, antibiofilm, and wound-healing activities. Its enzymatic action allows it to dissolve fibrin and blood clots, while also demonstrating potential anti-Alzheimer's effects by degrading amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, Serratiopeptidase shows cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells, making it a versatile reagent for research applications in inflammation and oncology.
  3. CRMP2-NMDAR Inhibitor

    TAT-CBD3 is a 15-amino acid peptide derived from CRMP2 that incorporates the TAT cell-penetrating motif from HIV-1, enabling efficient cellular uptake. This peptide disrupts the interaction between CRMP2 and NMDA receptors (NMDAR) while maintaining NMDAR localization. TAT-CBD3 is valuable for research applications focused on neurobiology and synaptic signaling, particularly in studies investigating the role of CRMP2 in neuronal function and related disorders.
  4. AChE Inhibitor

    Temephos is an organophosphate insecticide that functions as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition leads to cholinergic overactivation, effectively disrupting the larval development of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, making it a valuable tool in research concerning Dengue Virus, Zika Virus, and other mosquito-borne pathogens. While exhibiting important biological activity, Temephos has been shown to cause genotoxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and potential liver and reproductive system effects in mammals. Additionally, it can accumulate in adipose tissues and aquatic organisms, with its metabolism primarily occurring through oxidation and hydrolysis. Temephos serves as a critical reagent in studies of vector control and viral transmission dynamics.
  5. AAK1 Inhibitor

    AAK1-IN-6 is a potent inhibitor of AP-2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) with an IC50 value of 12 nM. This compound exhibits significant antiviral activity against dengue virus (DNEV2, EC50 = 0.24 μM) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV, EC50 = 0.30 μM). AAK1-IN-6 is a valuable tool for researchers investigating antiviral mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
  6. Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor

    LH2-051 is a selective dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.95 μM, effectively blocking DAT-mediated dopamine uptake with an IC50 of 3.0 μM. This compound also promotes the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), enhancing lysosome biogenesis. LH2-051 has demonstrated potential in improving cognitive function in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Presenilin 1 (PS1) mouse models, making it valuable for research focused on Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms and therapies.
  7. AAK1 Inhibitor

    BMT-090605 hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of the adapter protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), exhibiting a potent IC50 of 0.6 nM. This compound demonstrates significant antinociceptive activity, making it valuable for neuropathic pain research. Additionally, BMT-090605 hydrochloride inhibits BMP-2-inducible protein kinase (BIKE) and Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), with IC50 values of 45 nM and 60 nM, respectively, supporting its role in diverse biological investigations.
  8. AAK1 Inhibitor

    BMT-090605 is a potent and selective inhibitor of adaptor protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), featuring an IC50 value of 0.6 nM. This compound exhibits significant antinociceptive activity and also demonstrates inhibitory effects on BMP-2-inducible protein kinase (BIKE) and Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), with IC50 values of 45 nM and 60 nM, respectively. BMT-090605 is a valuable tool for research into mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain.
  9. AAK1/GAK Inhibitor

    AAK1-IN-8 is a selective inhibitor of AAK1 and GAK, demonstrating effective inhibition with EC50 values of 50 nM and 190 nM, respectively. This compound significantly hinders the phosphorylation of the AP2-µ2 subunit at threonine 156, providing insight into clathrin-mediated endocytosis. AAK1-IN-8 is utilized in research applications focused on uncovering the roles of AAK1 and GAK in cellular processes and their implications in diseases related to endocytic pathways.
  10. α7 nAChR Inhibitor

    Conofurin-Delta is a potent inhibitor of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exhibiting an IC50 of 177 nM. Additionally, it demonstrates inhibitory activity against the α9α10 nAChR with an IC50 of 98.1 nM. This compound is relevant for research applications in the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on cholinergic signaling pathways.
  11. SMase Inhibitor

    SMase-IN-1 is a specific inhibitor of bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase), exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.43 µM against B. cereus SMase. In addition to its primary activity, SMase-IN-1 also demonstrates a significant inhibition rate of 59.50% for equine butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE) at a concentration of 50 µM. This compound forms a complex with Cu2+ in biometal interactions and effectively reduces hemolysis induced by B. cereus in sheep erythrocytes. SMase-IN-1 is valuable for research in microbial pathogenesis and enzyme inhibition studies.
  12. Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor

    N-Desmethyl Galanthamine is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor, specifically targeting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 2.76 μM. As a metabolite of Galanthamine, it holds significant relevance in neuropharmacological research. This compound is utilized in studies related to Alzheimer's disease, providing insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing cholinergic transmission.
  13. COX Inhibitor

    1-Oxo Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, specifically targeting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. As a degradation product and potential impurity of Ibuprofen, it demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 13 μM for COX-1 and 370 μM for COX-2. This compound is useful for research applications involving the study of prostaglandin synthesis and the metabolic pathways of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  14. AChE Inhibitor

    3-Hydroxycarbofuran is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acting primarily by competing with acetylcholine at the enzyme's active site. This compound serves as a significant metabolite of Carbofuran and exhibits notable biological activity in the modulation of cholinergic signaling. It is utilized in research related to neurobiology, toxicology, and pesticide biochemistry, providing insights into the effects of AChE inhibition on synaptic transmission and potential neurotoxic mechanisms.
  15. Tau-aggregation and Neuroinflammation Inhibitor

    Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of tau aggregation and neuroinflammation. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against both AcPHF6 and full-length tau aggregation, while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. Additionally, it reduces nitric oxide release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. Research applications include investigations into memory impairment, as Tau-aggregation and neuroinflammation-IN-1 has been shown to reverse okadaic acid-induced cognitive deficits in rat models.
  16. Tau Aggregation Inhibitor

    3,3'-Diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine iodide is a cyanine dye that functions as a tau aggregation inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.28 μM for tau proteins. It interferes with the proper functioning of the microtubule cytoskeleton, making it valuable for studies investigating tau pathologies. This compound is particularly relevant in Alzheimer's disease research, enabling the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting tau aggregation.
  17. Tau441 Aggregation Inhibitor

    Tau-aggregation-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of tau441 protein aggregation, exhibiting an IC50 value of 21 µM. This compound also acts as an agonist for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, making it relevant in studies of neurodegenerative diseases and tauopathies. Its dual mechanism offers potential for investigating tau-related pathologies and dopaminergic signaling in experimental research settings.
  18. COX Inhibitor

    Ibuprofen Impurity F is a specific impurity of Ibuprofen, a well-known anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2. It exhibits inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 13 μM for COX-1 and 370 μM for COX-2. This reagent is valuable for quality control and analytical characterization in pharmaceutical research and development, particularly in the study of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  19. COX Inhibitor

    Piroxicam cinnamate is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. It is stable under gastric conditions, making it suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory-degenerative osteoarticular diseases, rheumatic disorders, and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermia. This compound offers significant potential for investigating therapeutic approaches to various inflammatory conditions.
  20. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Valeryl salicylate is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory processes. Its mechanism offers insights into the modulation of COX-1 enzyme activity and potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions.
  21. COX1/2 Inhibitor

    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties and is valuable in research aimed at understanding the role of COX enzymes in various disease models. Its application extends to pharmacological studies focused on pain, inflammation, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  22. COX Inhibitor

    Ibuprofen impurity 1 is an impurity of the widely used anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen, which acts as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively. This compound is essential for evaluating the purity and quality of ibuprofen formulations in research. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the pharmacological effects and potential side effects of ibuprofen in various biological assays.
  23. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Robenacoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It primarily reduces the production of prostaglandins associated with inflammation and pain, making it valuable for research related to inflammatory diseases and pain management. This compound is utilized in studies aiming to elucidate the role of COX-2 in various biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation.
  24. COX-2 Inhibitor

    3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene that functions as a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties by reducing nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and decreasing COX-2 overexpression. Additionally, 3-Carene enhances both the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, a crucial early marker of osteoblastic differentiation, making it a valuable compound for research in pain management and bone health.
  25. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Mavacoxib is a selective, oral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, functioning as a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This compound effectively alleviates pain and inflammation related to degenerative joint disease, particularly in canine subjects. Research applications include studies on inflammation and pain management in veterinary medicine.
  26. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Desmethyl Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 32 nM, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. As an analog of Celecoxib, this compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focusing on inflammation and pain pathways. Its potency and specificity make it suitable for studies related to COX-2 mediated processes.
  27. 5-LO/COX Inhibitor

    BW 755C is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, exhibiting an IC50 of 5 μM for 5-LO. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 0.65 and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively. This compound is valuable for research applications involving inflammation and other related pathways. Its ability to concurrently inhibit key lipid mediators makes BW 755C a useful tool in studies focused on arachidonic acid metabolism and signaling pathways.
  28. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Enflicoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the inflammatory pathway. This nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects in various animal models. Enflicoxib is valuable for research investigating COX-2-mediated processes and potential therapeutic applications in pain management and inflammation.
  29. COX-1 Inhibitor

    CP-74006 is a selective inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, key mediators in the inflammatory response. CP-74006 is utilized in research focusing on inflammation, pain management, and cardiovascular disease, providing valuable insights into COX-1 related biological processes.
  30. COX inhibitor

    2-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool in research focused on inflammation and pain pathways. This compound is utilized for studying COX-related mechanisms in various biological contexts, potentially aiding in the development of anti-inflammatory therapies.
  31. COX- 2 Inhibitor

    Ocarocoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.4 μM. By inhibiting COX-2, Ocarocoxib effectively reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins, thereby imparting significant anti-inflammatory effects. This compound is useful for research on inflammation and associated pathological conditions.
  32. COX-2/5-LOX Inhibitor

    Tebufelone is a selective dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties, making it useful for research into inflammatory pathways. This compound is valuable for studying the roles of COX-2 and 5-LO in various biological processes and assessing novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.
  33. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Teriflunomide impurity 3, also known as 4-Amino-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide, acts as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 30 µM. This compound exhibits significantly lower activity against COX-2, with an IC50 greater than 100 µM. Teriflunomide impurity 3 is valuable for research applications exploring inflammatory pathways and the role of COX-1 in various biological processes.
  34. iNOS/COX-2 Inhibitor

    Rehmapicrogenin is a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound, derived from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on inflammation pathways. Its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 further underscores its relevance in studies aimed at understanding and treating inflammatory diseases.
  35. COX-1/COX-2 Inhibitor

    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterated analog of (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen, targeting the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. With IC50 values of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively, this compound exhibits significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in various biological research applications.
  36. COX Inhibitor

    Isoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, making it effective in reducing inflammation and pain. Isoxicam is commonly utilized in research related to arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, providing valuable insights into the role of COX enzymes in various biological processes.
  37. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Cimicoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier. It displays significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties by inhibiting the production of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2, with an IC50 of 66 nM against human COX-2. Additionally, Cimicoxib targets CYP2D15, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.6 μM in canines and 0.056 μM in felines. This compound is utilized in research involving inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, and perioperative pain management in orthopedic and soft tissue surgeries.
  38. COX Inhibitor

    Naproxen glucuronide, a metabolite of naproxen, functions as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity, making it useful in the study of pain relief and inflammation pathways. Research applications include examining its metabolic pathways, assessing its efficacy in various inflammatory conditions, and exploring its pharmacokinetic properties in biological systems.
  39. Dual COX/5-LOX Inhibitor

    ER-34122 is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it valuable for research into inflammation-related pathways. ER-34122 is particularly relevant for studies investigating the interplay between COX and 5-LO pathways in various disease models and therapeutic contexts.
  40. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Apricoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), demonstrating a potent inhibitory effect on PGE2 production with an IC50 of 1.5 nM. This compound exhibits notable biological activities, including anticancer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Apricoxib is a valuable tool for research applications focused on inflammation, pain management, and cancer therapeutics.
  41. AChE Inhibitor

    Donepezil N-oxide is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from Donepezil. It exhibits significant biological activity by inhibiting AChE in human erythrocytes, which is crucial for regulating acetylcholine levels in neurological pathways. This reagent is utilized in research focused on Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders where modulation of cholinergic transmission is a key area of investigation.
  42. COX Inhibitor

    SC57666 is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 26 nM. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by specifically blocking COX-2, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. SC57666 is valuable for research applications focused on understanding inflammation and pain mechanisms, as well as for screening in drug discovery efforts targeting COX-2 related conditions.
  43. COX Inhibitor

    FR-188582 is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 17 nM. This compound exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for studies related to pain and inflammation pathways. Its specificity for COX-2 allows for the exploration of therapeutic applications in conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
  44. COX Inhibitor

    Nitroflurbiprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor known for its nitric oxide (NO)-donating properties. It effectively modulates increased intrahepatic vascular tone, making it a valuable tool in studying portal hypertension and liver diseases. This compound is utilized in research contexts focused on the therapeutic mechanisms of COX inhibition and its impact on hepatic vascular dynamics.
  45. COX Inhibitor

    RWJ 63556 is an orally active inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is utilized in research to explore its potential therapeutic effects in conditions characterized by inflammation, such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Its selective inhibition may provide insights into the role of COX-2 and lipoxygenase pathways in various biological processes.
  46. COX Inhibitor

    COX-2-IN-6 is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, specifically designed for oral administration and exhibiting gut-restricted properties. With an IC50 value of 0.84 μM and a Ki of 69 nM, COX-2-IN-6 effectively targets COX-2, inhibiting COX-2-driven PGE2 synthesis with an IC50 of 0.60 μM. This compound is utilized in research focused on colorectal cancer chemoprevention, offering valuable insights into inflammatory processes and therapeutic strategies.
  47. COX-2 Inhibitor

    COX-2-IN-28 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), exhibiting an IC50 of 0.054 µM for COX-2, while demonstrating significantly lower inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase (2.14 µM) and cyclooxygenase-1 (13.21 µM). This selective inhibition positions COX-2-IN-28 as a valuable tool for investigating the role of COX-2 in inflammation and pain pathways. It is suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory diseases and therapeutic development targeting COX-2 pathways.
  48. COX Inhibitor

    Tolmetin sodium is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.35 μM for human COX-1 and 0.82 μM for COX-2. As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it is primarily used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Tolmetin sodium is valuable in research applications focused on pain management, inflammation, and associated disorders.
  49. COX-2 Inhibitor

    SD 8381 is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It demonstrates an IC50 value of 0.0098 μM against human COX-2 and 0.69 μM against human COX-1, indicating a high degree of selectivity. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation and pain management, as well as studies examining the role of COX-2 in various disease states.
  50. COX2 Inhibitor

    COX-2-IN-56 is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), demonstrating minimal inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound is valuable for investigating COX-2-dependent disorders, particularly in the context of inflammatory processes. Its specificity makes it suitable for research applications focused on understanding the role of COX-2 in various pathological conditions.

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