TGF-β/Smad

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  1. PKC Inhibitor

    ICP-103 is a highly selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM. This compound has demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against PKC, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. ICP-103 can be utilized to explore the role of PKC in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, contributing to a deeper understanding of potential cancer treatment strategies.
  2. Inhibitor Peptide

    pep2-EVKI (YNVYGIEEVKI) is an inhibitor peptide that selectively targets and disrupts the interactions of Protein Interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1). This compound is known to exert opposing effects on synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) function relative to PICK1 expression. It serves as a valuable tool for studying synaptic signaling pathways and understanding the role of PICK1 in synaptic plasticity and related neurobiological processes.
  3. Cytidylate Kinase

    Cytidylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to cytidine monophosphate (CMP) and deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), leading to the synthesis of nucleoside diphosphates. This enzymatic activity plays a crucial role in nucleotide metabolism and is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. Cytidylate kinase is useful for research applications in molecular biology, biochemistry, and studies related to cellular proliferation and metabolism.
  4. MBP Peptide

    Ac-MBP (4-14) Peptide is an acetylated derivative of the myelin basic protein (MBP) sequence encompassing amino acids 4 to 14. This peptide serves as a selective substrate for protein kinase C (PKC), facilitating accurate biochemical assays. Ac-MBP (4-14) Peptide is suitable for PKC activity assays in crude extracts, allowing for the assessment of PKC function without the need for prior purification steps to remove interfering kinases or phosphatases.
  5. PKC Inhibitor

    7-Oxostaurosporine is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), demonstrating significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor proliferation. This compound induces apoptosis in cancer cells and effectively disrupts the nuclear factor (NF)-κB/p-p65 signaling pathway, making it valuable for cancer research and therapeutic studies focused on PKC-related pathways. Its potent biological activity highlights its potential utility in understanding tumor biology and developing targeted cancer therapies.
  6. PKC Inhibitor

    [Ala107]MBP(104-118) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), exhibiting IC50 values between 46-145 μM. This peptide is utilized in research to study PKC activity and its role in cellular signaling pathways. Its ability to selectively inhibit PKC makes it a valuable tool in investigating the implications of PKC in various disease states and pharmacological interventions.
  7. Neuropeptide

    Neuropeptide DF2 is a neuropeptide derived from crayfish, specifically a member of the DRNFLRFamide family. It enhances neurotransmitter release and increases the amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP) via activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase pathways. This compound is valuable for research in neurobiology and synaptic transmission.
  8. Peptide

    Protein Kinase C γ Peptide is a bioactive peptide fragment derived from Protein Kinase Cγ, which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. This peptide is involved in the regulation of nuclear import mechanisms associated with recessive ataxia-related aprataxin and has implications in the study of dominant ataxia disorders. It is a valuable tool for researchers exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying ataxia and related neurodegenerative conditions.
  9. Stable Isotope

    Psychosine-d7 is a deuterium-labeled analog of psychosine, serving as a stable isotope for research applications. Psychosine acts as a substrate for the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme and is identified as a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease. This lipid is known for its high cytotoxicity, inducing apoptosis across various cell types, making it valuable for studies related to neurodegenerative disorders and cellular stress responses.
  10. PKC Inhibitor

    K-252b is an indolocarbazole that acts as a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of PKC enzymes, essential for various cellular signaling pathways. K-252b is particularly useful in studies assessing the role of PKC in phosphorylation processes and can be applied in cell culture to investigate the effects of targeted PKC modulation on cellular functions. However, its limited membrane permeability necessitates specific experimental conditions for effective use.
  11. Peptide

    Pep2m, myristoylated is a cell-permeable peptide that targets protein kinase ζ (PKMζ). This compound is known to disrupt the interactions between N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2), providing valuable insights into the roles of PKMζ in cellular signaling. Pep2m, myristoylated is useful for researching synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as studying the molecular mechanisms underlying memory and learning processes.
  12. PKC Inhibitor

    N-Myristoyl-Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), exhibiting an IC50 of 75 μM. This compound effectively inhibits the induction of the IL-2 receptor and production of IL-2 in the Jurkat human leukemic cell line. It can be utilized in research focused on understanding PKC-related signaling pathways and their role in immune responses.
  13. Protein Kinase C Peptide

    Protein Kinase C α Peptide (TFA) is a synthetic peptide derived from Protein Kinase C alpha, which functions as a lipid-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase. This reagent plays a critical role in modulating various cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. It is widely utilized in research applications exploring signaling pathways and cellular responses pertinent to cancer and other diseases.
  14. PKC Activator

    Protein Kinase C (530-558) is a potent activator of Protein Kinase C (PKC). This peptide fragment has been shown to significantly inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, making it valuable for research on bone metabolism and related disorders. Its specific activation of PKC can provide insights into the signaling pathways involved in various cellular processes, contributing to studies in cell biology and pharmacology.
  15. Peptide

    FKKSFKL-NH2 is a selective peptide targeting protein kinase C (PKC). This compound is valuable for studying PKC-mediated signaling pathways and its involvement in various biochemical processes. Researchers can utilize FKKSFKL-NH2 to explore its potential roles in cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation, contributing to a deeper understanding of PKC-related functions in cellular biology.
  16. Protein kinase C substrate

    Protein kinase C substrate serves as a substrate for Protein kinase C, enabling the detection of phosphorylated proteins. Protein kinase C is a critical regulator in signal transduction pathways, facilitating cellular responses through the phosphorylation of specific substrates. This reagent is essential for studying kinase activity and elucidating signaling mechanisms in various biological contexts.
  17. PKC-θ Inhibitor

    PKC-theta inhibitor 2 hydrochloride is a highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase C theta (PKC-θ), exhibiting an IC50 of 18 nM. This compound modulates key signaling pathways associated with T cell activation and proliferation. It serves as a valuable tool in research investigating autoimmune diseases, cancer therapeutics, and immune response modulation.
  18. PKC Activator

    Teleocidin A1 is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). This compound exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells, with an IC50 of 9.2 nM. Teleocidin A1 serves as a valuable tool for investigating PKC signaling pathways and its implications in cancer research.
  19. PKC Inhibitor

    Safingol is a lyso-sphingolipid that acts as a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. It has demonstrated potential in modulating various cellular signaling pathways, making it an important tool in cancer research and studies of cell survival and apoptosis. Safingol is valuable for investigating the role of PKC in diseases and may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this kinase.
  20. PKC Substrate

    [Ala9,10, Lys11,12] Glycogen Synthase (1-12) serves as a selective substrate for phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC). This reagent is useful for assessing PKC activity in various biological contexts, providing insights into signaling pathways involving PKC and glycogen metabolism. Researchers can utilize this substrate to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of PKC in cellular processes.
  21. Signal Accepts Peptide

    Protein Kinase C Peptide Substrate is specifically designed to act as a substrate for Protein Kinase C, a crucial player in cellular signal transduction. This substrate participates in the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in target proteins, modulating various cellular processes in response to second messengers. Its key biological activities include regulation of nervous, endocrine, exocrine, inflammatory, and immune responses. This reagent is valuable for research applications aimed at understanding signaling pathways and the functional roles of Protein Kinase C in cellular physiology.
  22. BMP Encephalitogenic Epitope

    Ac-MBP (1-11) is a synthetic peptide that represents the primary encephalitogenic epitope derived from myelin basic protein (MBP). This peptide is critical for studies on multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders, as it plays a significant role in immune response and T cell activation. Ac-MBP (1-11) is widely utilized in research to understand the mechanisms of demyelination and to explore potential therapeutic interventions.
  23. OPN4 Inhibitor

    AE 51310 is an inhibitor of the OPN4 receptor, effectively disrupting the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the downstream BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. This compound is valuable for cancer research, particularly in the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its ability to modulate critical signaling pathways makes AE 51310 a useful tool in investigating tumor biology and potential therapeutic targets.
  24. C8 Ceramide Negative Control

    C8 Dihydroceramide serves as a negative control for C8 Ceramide, an analog of naturally occurring ceramides that can penetrate cell membranes. Unlike its active counterpart, C8-Ceramide exhibits anti-proliferative properties, demonstrating its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent and a stimulant for dendritic cell activation, ultimately promoting T cell responses during viral infections. Additionally, C8-Ceramide has been shown to induce mild activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in in vitro studies, making it relevant for research in cell signaling and immunology.
  25. Munc13-1 Activator

    JH-131e-153 is a diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactone that functions as a small molecule activator of Munc13-1 by targeting its C1 domain. This compound demonstrates a specific activation sequence for Munc13-1, with a comparative hierarchy of WT>I590≈R592A≈W588A. Its activation profile reveals homology with protein kinase C (PKC), indicating potential cross-functional mechanisms. JH-131e-153 plays a crucial role in modulating neuronal processes and serves as a valuable tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
  26. PKCα Activator

    12-Deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate is a potent activator of PKCα, derived from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera. It enhances the proliferation and activation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and promotes the release of TGFα, demonstrating a significant role in neurogenesis. Additionally, this compound has been shown to improve cognitive performance and hippocampal neurogenesis in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone (SAMP8) models, making it a valuable reagent for research into neurodegenerative diseases.
  27. PKC-ι Inhibitor

    PKCiota-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C iota (PKC-ι) with an IC50 of 2.7 nM. This compound also exhibits inhibitory activity against PKC-α and PKC-ε, with IC50 values of 45 nM and 450 nM, respectively. PKCiota-IN-1 is valuable for studying the role of PKC-ι in various biological processes and has potential applications in cancer research and therapeutic strategies targeting PKC pathways.
  28. PKC Inhibitor

    CIDD-0072424 is a selective inhibitor of Protein Kinase C-epsilon (PKCε), exhibiting an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 54 nM. This compound has been shown to reduce ethanol consumption and preference in a dose-dependent manner, making it a valuable tool for studying alcohol-related behaviors and signaling pathways. It is applicable in research investigating the role of PKCε in addiction and other neurobiological processes.
  29. Reaction substrate

    KRAKAKTTKKR is a synthetic peptide that serves as a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC). It facilitates the study of PKC activity by enabling the assessment of phosphorylation processes. This peptide is utilized in biochemical assays to explore signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms involving PKC, contributing to research in cancer, diabetes, and other diseases influenced by this kinase.
  30. Antiarrhythmic Agent

    HNS-32 is an antiarrhythmic agent that demonstrates vasodilatory effects, providing protective benefits against ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias in canine hearts. This compound exhibits significant negative chronotropic effects on mammalian ventricular myocardium, highlighting its potential for applications in acute coronary syndrome research. HNS-32 serves as a valuable tool for exploring the mechanisms and treatment options for cardiac arrhythmias.
  31. Bioactive Peptide

    PKCd (8-17) is a bioactive peptide derived from the V1 domain of protein kinase C (PKC)d. This peptide effectively inhibits phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced PKCd translocation and activation. Its inhibitory effects on PKCd contribute to reduced ischemic damage in cardiac and cerebral cells, promote fibroblast proliferation, and inhibit graft coronary artery disease in murine models, making it valuable for research in cardiac and cerebrovascular conditions.
  32. PKA Substrate

    Phosphate acceptor peptide is a specific substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), facilitating the study of phosphorylation processes. Additionally, it exhibits weak inhibitory activity against protein kinase C (PKC), making it useful in exploring the mechanisms of kinase signaling pathways. This reagent is applicable in various biochemical assays aimed at understanding cellular signaling and regulation.
  33. Anti-cancer Agent

    Bryostatin 2 is a 20-membered ring lactone that acts as an anti-cancer agent, specifically targeting the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. This compound has demonstrated potential in the research of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, offering insights into its mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Bryostatin 2 is a valuable tool for investigating the role of PKC in cancer cell growth and survival.
  34. PKC Inhibitor

    MT477 is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that induces both apoptosis and necrosis in target cells. This compound effectively reduces the protein expression levels of Ras-GTP, p-Erk1/2, and p-Elk1. Due to its mechanism of action, MT477 demonstrates significant antitumor activity, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic investigations.
  35. Stable Isotope

    Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d9 chloride is a deuterated analogue of Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride, classified as a stable isotope. It serves as a valuable tool in metabolic studies, particularly in understanding lipid metabolism and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes models. This compound is known to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), while also acting as a metabolomic biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Additionally, it demonstrates reduced potency as an inhibitor of GlyT2, providing insights into neurotransmitter dynamics.
  36. PKC Inhibitor

    PKC-IN-5, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, disrupts the interaction between PKC epsilon (PKCe) and its adaptor protein RACK2. This inhibition can modulate PKC-mediated signaling pathways, making PKC-IN-5 a valuable tool for studying PKC-related cellular processes. Its application extends to research in cancer biology and neurodegenerative diseases, where PKC signaling plays a critical role.
  37. Protein Kinase C Inhibitor

    Ro 31-8830 is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, which plays a crucial role in various cell signaling pathways. This compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity and is valuable for research focused on inflammatory disorders. Its capabilities make Ro 31-8830 a significant tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying inflammation and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies.
  38. Phospholipid

    Dioleyl phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid known for its role in membrane dynamics and cellular signaling. It has been shown to activate protein kinase C gamma (PKC-γ) at concentrations of 100 μM, particularly under calcium ion (Ca2+) levels less than 0.5 μM. This reagent is valuable for research in neuroscience and cellular biology, particularly in studies focusing on synaptic transmission and cellular responsiveness.
  39. Protein Kinase C Activator

    Methyl arachidonate is an activator of protein kinase C, functioning as an orally active substrate that is subject to esterase-mediated hydrolysis. It promotes the indirect activation of protein kinase C through the generation of eicosanoid metabolites from the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, demonstrating differential effects via cyclooxygenase products at low concentrations and lipoxygenase products at elevated concentrations. This compound is valuable for investigations into mechanisms related to lipodystrophy.
  40. PKC Inhibitor

    R8605 is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with a reported IC50 of 65 μM in the rat brain. This compound also inhibits calcium/phospholipid-independent phosphorylation of protamine, with IC50 values of 70 μM and 100 μM, respectively. R8605 is applicable in cancer research, facilitating studies on PKC-mediated signaling pathways and their implications in tumorigenesis.
  41. PKC Inhibitor

    Safingol hydrochloride is a lyso-sphingolipid that functions as a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). This compound exhibits significant biological activity in modulating cellular signaling pathways associated with cancer progression and apoptosis. Safingol hydrochloride is primarily utilized in research focused on cancer biology, cardiovascular disease, and neuroprotection, providing valuable insights into PKC-related mechanisms.
  42. Derivative of L-Tyrosine

    3-Methyl-L-tyrosine is a derivative of L-Tyrosine that features a methyl group at the third position of the aromatic ring. This compound acts as a substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase Csk, demonstrating a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 38% relative to L-Tyrosine, indicating its role in modulating the enzymatic processing of Gsk. Research applications of 3-Methyl-L-tyrosine include studying the molecular recognition mechanisms of Gsk's substrates, which is essential for the design of specific inhibitors targeting Gsk in various therapeutic areas.
  43. Stable Isotope

    Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d3 is a deuterated form of Stearoylcarnitine, functioning primarily as a stable isotope for research applications. This fatty ester lipid is an endogenous metabolite, known to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) and accumulate in pancreatic β cells, resulting in impaired insulin synthesis and energy deficiency in type 2 diabetes models. Additionally, Stearoyl-L-carnitine-d3 inhibits lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in animal plasma and serves as a potential metabolomics biomarker for Parkinson’s disease, further expanding its utility in metabolic research.
  44. PKCβII Inhibitor

    PKCβII Peptide Inhibitor I is a selective inhibitor of Protein Kinase C beta II (PKCβII). This peptide demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects in rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, making it a valuable tool in cardiovascular research. Additionally, it has been shown to prevent vascular endothelial dysfunction, highlighting its potential applications in studying vascular health and related pathologies.
  45. PKC Activator

    Farnesylthiotriazole (FTT) is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.8 μM. This compound plays a significant role in various signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Its ability to modulate PKC activity can aid in the investigation of tumor biology and therapeutic strategies targeting PKC-related pathways.
  46. Diacylglycerol

    1-Oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is a diacylglycerol that acts as an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). This activation initiates downstream signaling cascades that are vital in promoting tumor growth, making it a relevant compound for cancer research. Its role in the signaling pathways related to breast cancer highlights its potential use in studying tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
  47. PKC Activator

    1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium is a potent activator of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. This anionic phospholipid is integral to mitochondrial and microsomal membranes, significantly contributing to the composition and function of lung surfactant, particularly within lamellar body membranes in the lungs. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for studying PKC-mediated signaling pathways and lung physiology.
  48. Protein Kinase C Inhibitor/LTD4 Antagonist

    LY 170198 is a potent protein kinase C inhibitor and LTD4 antagonist. This compound exhibits significant biological activity relevant to studies on tumor promotion, oncogene activation, and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, it is valuable for investigating feedback mechanisms in signal transduction pathways and cellular responses to growth factors, making it a useful tool for cancer research and related fields.
  49. PKC Inhibitor

    Go 7874 is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that exhibits neuroprotective effects in models of immune-mediated neurotoxicity. This compound mitigates LPS/IFNg-induced neuronal cell death not through conventional PKC inhibition, but by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. Its unique mechanism makes Go 7874 a valuable tool for studying neuroprotective strategies in inflammatory conditions.
  50. Stable Isotope

    (±)-1,2-Diolein-CC3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of (±)-1,2-Diolein, also known as 1,2-Dioleoyl-rac-glycerol-13C3. This compound acts as an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and is known to enhance calcium ion influx in myotubes. It is particularly useful in research applications studying lipid signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and muscle physiology.

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