Immunology & Inflammation

Items 2001-2050 of 3399

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  1. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    vMIP-II (1-21) is a selective inhibitor of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. By competing with 125I-SDF-1R for binding sites, vMIP-II (1-21) effectively disrupts CXCR4 signaling, with an IC50 value of 190 nM. This compound is useful for research applications involving the study of chemokine receptors and their role in various biological processes, such as immune response and cancer metastasis.
  2. CXCR4 Antagonist

    BPRCX 714 is an antagonist of the CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4), a critical receptor implicated in various cancer metastasis processes. It exhibits potential therapeutic effects by inhibiting CXCR4 signaling, making it valuable for research into hepatocellular carcinoma and other CXCR4-related malignancies. Its application in studies enhances understanding of tumor microenvironment interactions and provides insights into targeted cancer therapies.
  3. CXCR3 Antagonist

    (±)-AMG 487 is a selective antagonist of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), effectively inhibiting the binding of CXCL10 and CXCL11 with IC50 values of 8.0 nM and 8.2 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant potential in studying immune responses and inflammatory processes due to its ability to block CXCR3-mediated signaling. Its oral bioavailability enhances its utility in preclinical and clinical research applications targeting inflammatory diseases and cancer.
  4. CXCR4 Antagonist

    ICT5040 is a small molecule antagonist targeting the chemokine receptor CXCR4, with an IC50 of 3.8 μM. This compound effectively inhibits CXCL12-mediated cell proliferation and migration in glioma cells, specifically U87 cells, and suppresses CXCL12-induced intracellular calcium mobilization. ICT5040 serves as a valuable tool for investigating the role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in cancer research and potential therapeutic applications.
  5. CCR7 Antagonist

    SLW131 is a potent CCR7 antagonist, demonstrating a high affinity with a Ki value of 9.85 nM. This compound effectively inhibits CCL19-induced Go protein activation with an IC50 of 29.4 μM, as well as β-arrestin2 recruitment with an IC50 of 6.0 μM. SLW131 also disrupts CCL19-induced morphological alterations in primary bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and impedes CCR7-mediated migration in mouse CD4+ T cells, making it a valuable tool for research in immune response and cell signaling pathways.
  6. CXCR

    CX4338 is a selective inhibitor of the chemokine receptor CXCR2, targeting CXCL8-mediated pathways. This compound effectively inhibits CXCR2-mediated cell migration by suppressing β-arrestin-2 recruitment and receptor internalization while enhancing MAPK activation. CX4338 demonstrates potent inhibition of CXCL8-induced chemotaxis in CXCR2-overexpressing cells and human neutrophils. In vivo studies have shown that CX4338 significantly reduces LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, highlighting its potential for research in inflammatory and immune responses.
  7. Inflammatory Peptide

    Peptide 78 is an inflammatory peptide that functions as a chemotactic cytokine, belonging to the IL-8 or C-X-C chemokine supergene family. This 78 amino acid protein is essential for the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology. Its role in promoting neutrophil migration makes Peptide 78 a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases and immune responses.
  8. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    TN14003 is a selective inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor. It demonstrates significant antitumor activity by disrupting CXCR4-mediated signaling pathways, which are implicated in cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on cancer treatment and understanding the role of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in tumor progression.
  9. CXCR4 Antagonist

    CXCR4 antagonist 6 is a potent inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor, displaying an IC50 value of 79 nM. This compound effectively inhibits CXCL12-induced cytosolic calcium flux with an IC50 of 0.25 nM, thereby significantly reducing CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated cell migration. Additionally, CXCR4 antagonist 6 demonstrates substantial efficacy in in vivo cancer metastasis models, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development.
  10. CXCR Antagonist

    CXCR4 Antagonist 2 is a potent antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 47 nM. This compound effectively inhibits CXCR4-mediated signaling, making it a valuable tool for studying its role in various biological processes, including cancer metastasis, immune cell trafficking, and HIV infection. Its selective properties make it suitable for research applications aimed at understanding CXCR4 functions and developing therapeutic strategies targeting this receptor.
  11. CXCR4 Antagonist

    KRH-1636 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist, primarily targeting the CXCR4 receptor. This compound plays a significant role in HIV-1 research by inhibiting the interaction between the virus and the CXCR4 receptor, which is crucial for viral entry into host cells. KRH-1636 serves as a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms of HIV-1 infection and for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting CXCR4-mediated pathways.
  12. Drd2 Agonist

    UNC9995 is a β-arrestin2-biased agonist of the dopamine receptor Drd2. This compound inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting the interaction between β-arrestin2 and NLRP3, thereby preventing neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, UNC9995 activates Drd2/β-arrestin2 signaling, which mitigates the transcription of inflammation-related genes induced by the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Research shows that UNC9995 enhances depressive behavior in mouse models and improves astrocyte dysfunctions, making it a valuable tool for studying neuroinflammatory processes and mood disorders.
  13. CCR5 Antagonist

    PF-232798 is an orally bioavailable antagonist of the CCR5 receptor, primarily known for its role in HIV entry into cells. By blocking CCR5, PF-232798 demonstrates efficacy in inhibiting HIV replication and offers potential applications in antiviral research. Its selective activity makes it a valuable tool for studying HIV pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic strategies against the virus.
  14. PROTAC Degrader

    FC-14367 is a PROTAC degrader that selectively targets the HIV-1 Nef protein. It facilitates the formation of a ternary complex by simultaneously binding to Nef and Cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of Nef. This process restores the surface expression of CD4 and MHC-I molecules while effectively inhibiting HIV-1 replication. FC-14367 is valuable for research focused on HIV infection and AIDS pathogenesis.
  15. CCR5 Antagonist

    CCR5 antagonist 2 is a potent inhibitor of the CCR5 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 8.34 nM. This compound demonstrates broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity and can be utilized in research focused on HIV pathogenesis and therapy development. Its mechanism of action makes it a valuable tool for studies aimed at blocking viral entry and understanding the role of CCR5 in immune response.
  16. CXCR4 Antagonist

    CXCR4 Antagonist 4 is a potent antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 24 nM. It demonstrates enhanced permeability as assessed by PAMPA and has reduced activity on CYP 2D6. This compound is particularly effective in inhibiting the entry of human immunodeficiency virus, with an IC50 value of 7 nM, making it a valuable tool for research in virology and therapeutic development targeting CXCR4-mediated pathways.
  17. CXCR Antagonist

    GSK812397 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist that functions by inhibiting the CXC chemokine receptor 4, a critical co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into host cells. This compound has demonstrated significant biological activity, making it a promising candidate for HIV treatment research. Its ability to suppress the replication of various late cytopathic viruses marks GSK812397 as a valuable reagent in the development of innovative anti-HIV therapies. Additionally, scalable synthetic routes enable efficient production, ensuring sufficient quantities for comprehensive investigation.
  18. CXCR Antagonist

    CXCR4 antagonist 1 is a selective antagonist of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. It exhibits significant anti-HIV activity by inhibiting the interaction of CXCR4 with its ligands, thereby blocking viral entry into host cells. This compound is valuable in research focused on HIV pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting CXCR4.
  19. CCR5 Inhibitor

    CMPD167 is a selective CCR5 inhibitor that exerts its antiviral effects by blocking the CCR5 receptor, which is critical for the entry of certain viruses into host cells. This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity in vitro, making it a valuable tool for research on viral infections, particularly in studies related to HIV. CMPD167 can facilitate investigations into CCR5-related pathways and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting viral entry mechanisms.
  20. CXCR4 Antagonist

    HF50731 is a potent antagonist of CXCR4, demonstrating a binding affinity with an IC50 value of 19.8 nM. This compound effectively inhibits key biological processes such as calcium mobilization and cell migration, with IC50 values of 119.2 nM and 621.4 nM, respectively. Additionally, HF50731 demonstrates the ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection through CXCR4 coreceptor blockade, achieving an IC50 of 1.5 μM. HF50731 is valuable for research in immunology, virology, and cancer biology focused on CXCR4 signaling pathways.
  21. CCR5 inhibitor

    CB-0821 is a high-affinity CCR5 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.04 nM. It effectively binds to the hydrophobic pocket of the CCR5 protein, disrupting the interactions between viral proteins and CCR5, which inhibits viral entry into cells. This compound is poised for use in anti-HIV research applications, facilitating studies on viral tropism and potential therapeutic strategies.
  22. CXCR Inhibitor

    AMD-3329 is a selective CXCR4 inhibitor that targets the chemokine receptor involved in HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry into host cells. By obstructing CXCR4, AMD-3329 effectively inhibits viral replication, making it a valuable tool in HIV research. This compound is suitable for studies focused on developing therapeutic strategies against X4-tropic HIV strains and understanding the mechanisms of viral entry and infection.
  23. CCR5 Antagonist

    E913 is a selective antagonist of the CCR5 receptor, effectively inhibiting the binding of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) to CCR5 with an IC50 of 0.002 μM. This compound also blocks MIP-1alpha-induced cellular Ca2+ mobilization, demonstrating an IC50 of 0.02 μM. E913 significantly suppresses the replication of both laboratory and primary R5 HIV-1 strains, including multidrug-resistant variants, with IC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.06 μM. This reagent is valuable for research into HIV-1 infection and related mechanisms of immune response.
  24. CCR5 Antagonist

    GSK-214096 is a selective CCR5 antagonist that inhibits HIV-1 entry through the blockade of the virus's glycoprotein 120 (gp120). By targeting the CCR5 co-receptor, this compound plays a critical role in interrupting HIV-1 infection pathways. It is valuable for research applications focused on HIV-1 biology and therapeutic discovery.
  25. HIV Inhibitor

    KRH-3955 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist that demonstrates significant anti-HIV-1 activity, particularly against X4 strains. It effectively inhibits the replication of various X4 HIV-1 clinical isolates and is active against recombinant strains with resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, and tyrosinase. KRH-3955 disrupts the binding of SDF-1alpha to CXCR4, thereby interfering with calcium signaling through this receptor, along with inhibiting antibody binding to CXCR4. With an oral bioavailability of 25.6% in rats, KRH-3955 has shown efficacy in vivo, making it a valuable tool for HIV research.
  26. Anti-inflammatory/Hemostatic Agent

    Ethyl 10-bromodecanoate is an anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agent that targets pathways involved in inflammation and blood coagulation. It is structurally related to linolenic acid and exhibits notable antibacterial properties, making it a valuable compound for research into inflammatory responses and hemostasis. This reagent is suitable for studies focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and potential therapeutic applications in hemostatic disorders.
  27. TLR8 Agonist

    TLR8 Agonist 4 is a potent agonist targeting Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), demonstrating efficacy against both wild-type and drug-resistant HBV strains, including those resistant to lamivudine and entecavir. The compound exhibits IC50 values of 0.15 μM and 0.10 μM, respectively, highlighting its potential for use in antiviral research and therapeutic development against Hepatitis B virus.
  28. HBsAg Peptide

    HBV Seq2 aa:28-39 is a peptide derived from Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) that specifically interacts with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This interaction is crucial for the activation of CD8+ T cells, making it an important tool for studying immune responses to HBV infection. It is widely used in vaccine research and T cell epitope mapping to enhance understanding of viral pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms.
  29. PROTAC Target Protein Ligand

    DAPK1 ligand-1 is a PROTAC target protein ligand designed for the synthesis of PROTACs, including the DAPK1 Degrader-1. This compound facilitates the targeted degradation of LAG-3, demonstrating significant neuroprotective activity. Its application in research underscores its utility in studying the modulation of immune checkpoints and neuroprotection mechanisms in various biological contexts.
  30. PROTAC Degrader for FKBP12

    22-SLF is a PROTAC degrader specifically targeting FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12), exhibiting a DC50 of 0.5 µM. This compound forms a ternary complex with C227 and C228 in FBXO22, facilitating FKBP12 degradation in an FBXO22-dependent manner. 22-SLF is a valuable tool for cancer research, serving as a probe to investigate the FBXO22-mediated degradation pathways.
  31. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    NAA-004 is a novel azo compound that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by linking 5-aminosalicylic acid and 4-aminophenylacetic acid through an azo bond. It demonstrates significant oral bioactivity and effectively inhibits colon damage, intracavitary fluid accumulation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on colitis and related gastrointestinal disorders.
  32. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Asperilin is a sesquiterpene lactone known for its anti-inflammatory properties, acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This compound has been shown to increase lipid peroxidation levels in liver microsomes while significantly reducing liver glutathione (GSH) levels and enhancing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Asperilin is suitable for research focused on inflammatory conditions and related biochemical pathways.
  33. COX-1 Inhibitor

    NCX 466 is a selective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, demonstrating notable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It functions as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, enhancing microcirculation while exerting antioxidant effects. NCX 466 effectively reduces levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and oxidative stress markers, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Furthermore, it mitigates leukocyte recruitment during inflammatory responses by decreasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, contributing to the prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in murine models.
  34. BCL6 Inhibitor

    WK500B is a potent BCL6 inhibitor that disrupts BCL6-corepressor interactions, leading to the reactivation of BCL6 target genes. With a dissociation constant (KD) of 1.61 μM, it demonstrates significant cytotoxicity against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, WK500B effectively suppresses germinal center formation in C57BL/6 mice and reduces DLBCL tumor growth in SCID xenograft models without noticeable toxicity. This compound is valuable for research in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and potential therapeutic interventions.
  35. Tumor Suppressor Peptide

    p53 (232-240) is a peptide derived from the 232-240 amino acid sequence of the human tumor suppressor protein p53. This peptide enhances binding affinity to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), thus increasing its immunogenicity and bolstering the immune system's response to tumor antigens. p53 (232-240) is valuable in cancer vaccine development and studies focused on tumor cell recognition and clearance by immune cells.
  36. Anticancer/anti-inflammatory Agent

    (rel)-Salcolin A is a flavonoid lignan recognized for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. It demonstrates significant cytotoxicity against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (HTH83) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (TPC1) cells, with IC50 values of 66.69 μM and 56.12 μM, respectively. Additionally, (rel)-Salcolin A effectively inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production with an IC50 of 14.65 μM. This compound induces necroptosis in thyroid cancer cells and offers neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced damage, with an E50 value of 47.44 μM. It is suitable for research applications involving thyroid cancer, inflammation, and neuroprotection and can be derived from the leaves of Casearia arborea and the stems of Zea mays.
  37. Pyroptosis Inducer

    PenCB (PCB 118) is a potent pyroptosis inducer that primarily activates the NFκB-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Its mechanism involves the induction of oxidative stress, which is mediated through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and subsequent upregulation of cytochrome P450 1A1. This compound is useful for studies examining inflammatory processes and cell death mechanisms, particularly in the context of pyroptosis-related research.
  38. Pyroptosis Inhibitor

    Azalamellarin N is a selective inhibitor of pyroptosis, effectively modulating the inflammatory response by targeting upstream signaling pathways involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This compound exhibits differential inhibitory effects on various pyroptosis inducers, with notable potency against Nigericin and R837. Its mechanism provides a valuable tool for investigating the role of pyroptosis in cellular processes and disease states, making it significant for research in inflammation and immune responses.
  39. NLRP3 Inhibitor

    NLRP3-IN-78 is a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, demonstrating a 46.72% inhibition rate in GSDMD-induced pyroptosis at a concentration of 5 μM. This compound effectively binds to the NLRP3 protein, hindering GSDMD-NT oligomerization and cleavage while also suppressing upstream NF-κB signaling. NLRP3-IN-78 serves as a valuable tool for investigating anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the role of NLRP3 in various disease models.
  40. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Betulonaldehyde is a pentacyclic triterpenoid primarily known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits potent antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 of 3.36 µg/mL and demonstrates cytotoxic effects against NCI H187 lung cancer cells and Vero cells, with IC50 values of 19.23 and 17.09 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, Betulonaldehyde effectively inhibits inflammation induced by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in murine models, making it a valuable compound for research in inflammatory responses and cancer biology.
  41. Anti-inflammatory Quassinoid

    Shinjulactone M is a quassinoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, primarily targeting inflammatory pathways. This compound is isolated from various parts of Ailanthus species and has demonstrated beneficial effects in research related to chronic bronchitis, epilepsy, and asthma. Additionally, it possesses febrifuge and anthelmintic activities, making it a valuable reagent for studies exploring its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and infectious diseases.
  42. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Hirsutanonol, a diarylheptanoid derived from the bark of Alnus hirsute var. sibirica, functions primarily as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound exhibits significant anti-filarial activity, demonstrated by an IC50 value of 44.11 μg/mL against microfilariae. Hirsutanonol is valuable in research focused on inflammation reduction and parasitic disease interventions.
  43. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Dihydroflavokawin B is a selective COX-1 inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.22 μM, with moderate effects on COX-2 and 5-LOX. This compound demonstrates significant activity against the promastigote forms of Leishmania panamensis and Leishmania braziliensis, making it a valuable tool for leishmaniasis research. Additionally, Dihydroflavokawin B inhibits rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor, and adenosine diphosphate, highlighting its potential for in vitro anti-inflammatory studies.
  44. RSV Epitope

    Fusion Glycoprotein (92-106) is a peptide derived from the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It serves as a MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope, with all 15 amino acids essential for optimal recognition by CTLs. This reagent is valuable for research in virology and immunology, particularly in the evaluation of T cell responses to RSV and the development of vaccines targeting RSV.
  45. STING Activator

    diABZI-4 is a potent STING activator that enhances the host immune response through immunostimulatory activity. By promoting STING oligomerization, diABZI-4 activates the TBK1-IRF3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to increased production of type I/III interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. This reagent demonstrates broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy against various viruses, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and herpes simplex virus. diABZI-4 is instrumental in research related to COVID-19, respiratory viral infections, and the associated immunopathological mechanisms, making it a valuable tool for studying viral pathogenesis and developing therapeutic strategies.
  46. COX Inhibitor

    Serratiopeptidase is a zinc-containing metalloprotease that primarily acts as a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. It effectively reduces the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and interleukins, alleviating pain and swelling. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Serratiopeptidase exhibits mucolytic, antibiofilm, and wound-healing activities. Its enzymatic action allows it to dissolve fibrin and blood clots, while also demonstrating potential anti-Alzheimer's effects by degrading amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, Serratiopeptidase shows cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells, making it a versatile reagent for research applications in inflammation and oncology.
  47. FEN1 Inhibitor

    FEN1-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), demonstrating significant antitumor activity. It functions by binding to the active site of FEN1, with inhibition partially facilitated by the coordination of Mg2+ ions. This compound triggers a DNA damage response, subsequently activating the ATM checkpoint signaling pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of histone H2AX and the ubiquitination of FANCD2 in mammalian cells. FEN1-IN-1 is a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in studies focused on DNA repair mechanisms and tumor progression.
  48. FEN1 Inhibitor

    FEN1-IN-SC13 is a selective inhibitor of DNA fragmentation endonuclease 1 (FEN1), pivotal in DNA replication and repair processes. This compound demonstrates significant antitumor activity by disrupting the normal functioning of FEN1, leading to impaired DNA metabolism in vitro and within cellular environments. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the mechanisms of DNA damage response and the development of cancer therapeutics.
  49. MRE11 Inhibitor

    MU1409 is a selective inhibitor of the MRE11 nuclease, exhibiting an IC50 of 12.1 μM. Additionally, MU1409 inhibits FEN1 and EXO1, with IC50 values of 24.2 μM and 176.4 μM, respectively. This compound plays a crucial role in modulating DNA repair mechanisms, particularly in BRCA2-deficient cells, by preventing the degradation of stalled replication forks. MU1409 shows promise for research focused on BRCA2 mutation-related cancers and the mechanisms of genomic instability.
  50. STING Agonist

    STING Agonist-30 is a potent agonist that activates the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. This compound elicits a robust immune response and enhances STING-dependent immune activation. It demonstrates significant antiviral activity against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), rotavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), making it valuable for research in antiviral therapies and immune modulation.

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