Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Entrectinib, also known as RXDX-101 and NMS-E628, is an oral small molecule inhibitor of TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, as well as ROS1 and ALK, with high potency and selectivity.

Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is a competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2.

Acetylcysteine is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used primarily as a mucolytic agent and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Oral acetylcysteine is also used for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (a form of acute renal failure).

CADD522 is a potent inhibitor of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2)-DNA binding with an IC50 of 10 nM. CADD522 exhibits antitumor activity.

Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic with superoxide and alkyl radical scavenging properties.

GSK5182 is a highly selective inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) with an IC50 of 79 nM and does not interact with other nuclear receptors, including ERRα or ERα.

Temoporfin(KW 2345) used in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Target: Others Temoporfin used in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients can remain photosensitive for several weeks after treatment.

Berberine hydrochloride was novelly found that it has various beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and significant anti-inflammatory activities. Berberine can effectively reduce intracellular superoxide levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Such a restoration of cellular redox by berberine is mediated by its selective inhibition of gp91phox expression and enhancement of SOD activity.

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline, interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting the DNA synthesis, and preventing bacterial cell growth.

Trabectedin (Ecteinascidin-743 or ET-743) is a novel antitumour agent of marine origin with potent antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo.

CycLuc1 is a brain penetrant luciferase substrate.

Benzenepentacarboxylic acid (BA), a novel fluorescent probes to detect and scavenge HO-.

6-Benzylaminopurine is a first-generation synthetic cytokinin which could regulate the activities of the antioxidant defense system of plants.Its treatment elicits plant growth and development.

TPEN is a heavy metal chelator. Reacts with both Zn-proteome and Zn-metallothionein (MT) in LLC-PK1 cells; acts as an intracellular chelator of proteomic Zn2+.

Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).

Ecabet sodium is a widely employed mucoprotective agent for the treatment of gastric ulcers.

Mitoquinone is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage.

α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.

Norgestrel is a synthetic analog of progesterone, a compound commonly found in oral contraceptive pill, and a powerful neuroprotective antioxidant, preventing light-induced ROS in photoreceptor cells, and cell death.

Seratrodast is a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP receptor) antagonist used primarily in the treatment of asthma.

Trolox is an antioxidant like vitamin E and it is used to reduce oxidative stress or damage.

MCLA is a Cypridina luciferin analog that is used to detect superoxide generated by activated leukocytes and macrophages.

Glutathione oxidized, or GSSG, results from glutathione undergoing oxidation. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, a process that concurrently generates GSSG. This oxidized form of glutathione is pivotal in studies concerning sickle cells and erythrocytes, where it's utilized for research purposes.

Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant that is widely used in animal feed to protect against lipid peroxidation and fat rancidity in chicken, salmon, and beef.

Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.

L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid ??-ethyl amide??is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities.

Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects.

Efaproxiral sodium is a synthetic allosteric modifier of haemoglobin (Hb), decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy.

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) inhibitor, effective inhibits (KGDHC) in muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts.

N-Acetylcysteine amide is a cell membranes and blood brain barrier permeant thiol antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, reduces ROS production.

Repotrectinib (TPX-0005) is a potent ROS1 (IC50=0.07 nM), TRK (0.83/0.05/0.1 nM=TRKA/B/C) inhibitor.

CORM-401 is an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule, can be used in the research of inflammatory and oxidative stress-mediated pathologies.

NucPE1 (Nuclear Peroxy Emerald 1) is a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide that is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.

WY-135 is an ALK (IC50=1.4 nM) and ROS1 (IC50=1.1 nM) dual inhibitor.

DMNQ is a redox cycling agent that generates both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide intracellularly in a concentration dependent manner. DMNQ increases ROS generation.

Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Purpurin 18, a derivative of chlorophyll, is an interesting dihydroporphyrin for generating photosensitizers.

L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor.

Mitoquinone mesylate is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage.

Lexibulin 2Hcl (CYT-997 2Hcl) is a potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50 of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo.

Picrasidine A is a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor derived from the natural product Picrasma quassioides. This compound demonstrates the ability to inhibit UVB-induced ROS generation, making it a valuable tool for research in oxidative stress and related cellular responses. Its applications extend to studies investigating the protective effects against UV radiation and the underlying mechanisms of antioxidative pathways.

ROS Inducer 3 (Compound I6) primarily functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. It demonstrates significant in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 2.86 μg/mL, showcasing robust protective effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. As a bactericidal agent, ROS Inducer 3 is relevant for studies focused on managing persistent plant bacterial diseases.

ROS Inducer 2 (Compound I16) primarily functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, demonstrating significant in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 3.43 μg/mL. This compound exhibits potent bactericidal properties against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in vivo, making it a valuable tool for research on persistent bacterial diseases in plants. Its ability to induce ROS provides insights into mechanisms of plant disease resistance and potential therapeutic strategies.

Allopurinol is a purine analog; it is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects.

Febuxostat is a non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (Ki = 1.2 nM).

Leteprinim, also known as AIT-082 and SPI-205, is a neurotrophic agent potentially for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury.

J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death.

Taletrectinib (DS-6051b) is a potent, orally active, and new-generation selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor.