Immunology & Inflammation

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  1. SIK Inhibitor

    SIK-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of salt-inducible kinases (SIK), selectively targeting SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3 with IC50 values of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 nM, respectively. This compound has demonstrated significant biological activity by inhibiting the release of TNF-alpha with an IC50 of 0.5 nM and enhancing LPS-induced IL-10 release in human macrophages with an EC50 of 2 nM. SIK-IN-2 is valuable for research applications focused on inflammatory responses and immune modulation.
  2. CCR5 Inhibitor

    CMPD167 is a selective CCR5 inhibitor that exerts its antiviral effects by blocking the CCR5 receptor, which is critical for the entry of certain viruses into host cells. This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity in vitro, making it a valuable tool for research on viral infections, particularly in studies related to HIV. CMPD167 can facilitate investigations into CCR5-related pathways and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting viral entry mechanisms.
  3. CCR5 inhibitor

    CB-0821 is a high-affinity CCR5 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.04 nM. It effectively binds to the hydrophobic pocket of the CCR5 protein, disrupting the interactions between viral proteins and CCR5, which inhibits viral entry into cells. This compound is poised for use in anti-HIV research applications, facilitating studies on viral tropism and potential therapeutic strategies.
  4. CXCR Inhibitor

    AMD-3329 is a selective CXCR4 inhibitor that targets the chemokine receptor involved in HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry into host cells. By obstructing CXCR4, AMD-3329 effectively inhibits viral replication, making it a valuable tool in HIV research. This compound is suitable for studies focused on developing therapeutic strategies against X4-tropic HIV strains and understanding the mechanisms of viral entry and infection.
  5. HIV Inhibitor

    KRH-3955 is a potent CXCR4 antagonist that demonstrates significant anti-HIV-1 activity, particularly against X4 strains. It effectively inhibits the replication of various X4 HIV-1 clinical isolates and is active against recombinant strains with resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, and tyrosinase. KRH-3955 disrupts the binding of SDF-1alpha to CXCR4, thereby interfering with calcium signaling through this receptor, along with inhibiting antibody binding to CXCR4. With an oral bioavailability of 25.6% in rats, KRH-3955 has shown efficacy in vivo, making it a valuable tool for HIV research.
  6. HCV Inhibitor

    ASP5286 is a novel non-immunosuppressive inhibitor targeting cyclophilin, primarily designed for research applications related to Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity, making it a valuable tool for investigating HCV replication and pathogenesis. Researchers can utilize ASP5286 in studies focused on the mechanisms of viral infection and the development of therapeutic strategies against HCV.
  7. Cyclophilin/HCV Inhibitor

    SMCypI C31 is a non-peptidic inhibitor of cyclophilin with significant peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) inhibitory activity, demonstrating an IC50 of 0.1 µM. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy against various HCV genotypes, including 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, and 5a, with EC50 values ranging from 1.20 to 7.76 μM in subgenomic replicon assays. SMCypI C31 targets and disrupts the interaction between cyclophilin A and NS5A, making it a valuable tool for research into HCV therapies.
  8. Cyclophilin A Inhibitor

    Cyclophilin Inhibitor 3 is a selective inhibitor of Cyclophilin A, demonstrating significant antiviral activity against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) with an EC50 of 4.2 μM. This compound is essential for studies investigating the role of CypA in viral replication and may serve as a valuable tool for antiviral research and therapeutic development targeting HCV infections.
  9. CCR Inhibitor

    CCR6 Inhibitor 1 is a highly selective inhibitor of the CCR6 receptor, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.45 nM for monkey CCR6 and 6 nM for human CCR6, while exhibiting minimal activity against human CCR1 and CCR7. This inhibitor effectively prevents ERK phosphorylation, making it a valuable tool in the study of signaling pathways. CCR6 Inhibitor 1 is employed in research focused on autoimmune diseases and cancer, facilitating insights into therapeutic strategies targeting CCR6-related pathways.
  10. CCR4 Inhibitor

    Zelnecirnon is an orally active CCR4 inhibitor that effectively blocks the recruitment of Th2 inflammatory immune cells to inflamed tissues. This compound exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity, making it valuable in researching allergic inflammation associated with conditions such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. Zelnecirnon serves as a critical tool for understanding and developing therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases.
  11. CCR Inhibitor

    Ilacirnon is a potent CCR2 antagonist that specifically targets the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2). This compound exhibits significant inhibitory activity, making it valuable in research focused on inflammatory diseases and immune response modulation. Ilacirnon can be utilized in studies exploring the role of CCR2 in various pathophysiological conditions, including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease.
  12. CCR3 Inhibitor

    ALK4290 is a potent, orally active inhibitor of CCR3, exhibiting a Ki of 3.2 nM for human CCR3. Its biological activity positions ALK4290 as a valuable tool for research into neovascular age-related macular degeneration and Parkinsonism. This compound may help elucidate the role of CCR3 in these diseases, facilitating the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
  13. hCCR2 Inhibitor

    JNJ-41443532 is a selective antagonist of the human CCR2 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 37 nM for binding and demonstrating potent functional antagonism with an IC50 of 30 nM in chemotaxis assays. This compound shows a Ki value of 9.6 µM for murine CCR2 binding. JNJ-41443532 is suitable for research into inflammatory diseases and related inflammatory pathways.
  14. CCR3 Inhibitor

    ALK4290 dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of the CCR3 receptor, exhibiting a Ki value of 3.2 nM for human CCR3. This compound demonstrates significant potential for modulating immune responses, making it a valuable tool in the study of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease. Researchers can utilize ALK4290 to investigate its effects on CCR3-related signaling pathways and its implications in various pathological conditions.
  15. CCR2 Inhibitor

    ECL1i is an allosteric inhibitor targeting the CCR2 receptor. It selectively disrupts CCL2/CCR2-mediated chemotaxis, thereby impeding the recruitment of CCR2-positive cells. ECL1i has demonstrated efficacy in attenuating disease progression in models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, making it a valuable tool for studying autoimmune disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
  16. CCR1 Inhibitor

    BX-513 is a potent and selective antagonist of the CCR1 receptor. It effectively inhibits the binding of radiolabeled MIP-1α and RANTES to CCR1, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 40 nM and 60 nM, respectively. BX-513 demonstrates the ability to suppress MIP-1α-induced extracellular acidification, as well as MIP-1α- and RANTES-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and peripheral blood mononuclear cell migration. This compound is applicable in research focusing on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
  17. CCR2 Inhibitor-DOTA Conjugate

    DOTA-ECL1i is a CCR2 inhibitor conjugated with DOTA, designed for use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. When radiolabeled with 68Ga, DOTA-ECL1i provides a specific PET tracer that targets CCR2 expression in various pathological conditions. This compound is applicable in research focused on pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac injury, abdominal aortic aneurysm inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancers of the head, neck, and pancreas.
  18. CCR5/CXCR3 Inhibitor

    CCR5/CXCR3-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5. This compound effectively suppresses the chemotaxis of transformed cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3, while exhibiting no inhibitory effect on CXCR4-expressing transfected cells. CCR5/CXCR3-IN-1 is valuable for research into chronic arthritic rheumatism and other conditions where modulation of these receptors is crucial.
  19. ELR+CXCL-CXCR1/2 Inhibitor

    CXCL-CXCR1/2-IN-1 is an orally active inhibitor of the ELR+CXCL-CXCR1/2 signaling pathway, exhibiting an EC50 of 42.7 nM for the CXCR2 receptor. This compound demonstrates significant anticancer and antiangiogenic properties, making it a valuable tool for research into tumor progression and vascularization. Its ability to target these pathways underscores its potential application in cancer biology and therapeutic development.
  20. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    CXCR4-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor, demonstrating an IC50 of 3.2 nM. It exhibits significant antichemotactic effects, with an inhibition rate of 79.19±2.33%. This compound also displays anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related inflammatory conditions.
  21. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    Peptide R is a cyclic peptide that functions as a specific antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor. It demonstrates significant efficacy in remodeling tumor stroma, making it a valuable tool for tumor research. Its ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment highlights its potential applications in cancer therapy and investigation into tumor progression mechanisms.
  22. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    CXCR4-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, with an IC50 of 20 nM. This compound exhibits potential biological activity in modulating cellular responses associated with cancer progression, HIV infection, diabetic retinopathy, and inflammatory conditions. CXCR4-IN-1 is suitable for use in research applications focused on these disease processes, providing valuable insights into therapeutic targeting of the CXCR4 signaling pathway.
  23. CXCR2 Inhibitor

    NVP CXCR2 20 is a selective inhibitor of the CXCR2 receptor, primarily involved in modulating pain pathways. It exhibits significant analgesic and antinociceptive effects, effectively reducing mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in rat models of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Additionally, NVP CXCR2 20 diminishes CXCL3-induced hypersensitivity in naive mice and lowers CXCL3 protein levels in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of CCI-exposed rats. This compound is valuable for research into neuropathic pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  24. CXCL12 Inhibitor

    4-Amino-D-phenylalanine is a potent CXCL12 inhibitor that targets the CXCR4 receptor. With an IC50 value of 0.1 μM, it effectively inhibits the binding of CXCL12 to its receptor. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on understanding CXCR4-related pathways and their implications in cancer, inflammation, and various other diseases.
  25. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    vMIP-II (1-21) is a selective inhibitor of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. By competing with 125I-SDF-1R for binding sites, vMIP-II (1-21) effectively disrupts CXCR4 signaling, with an IC50 value of 190 nM. This compound is useful for research applications involving the study of chemokine receptors and their role in various biological processes, such as immune response and cancer metastasis.
  26. CXCR4 Inhibitor

    TN14003 is a selective inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor. It demonstrates significant antitumor activity by disrupting CXCR4-mediated signaling pathways, which are implicated in cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on cancer treatment and understanding the role of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in tumor progression.
  27. CcrM Inhibitor

    NSC177365 is a potent CcrM inhibitor that acts by competitively disrupting DNA binding. It demonstrates significant antibacterial activity, displaying IC50 values of 2.3 μM and 14.6 μM against C. crescentus and M. lincolnii, respectively. Furthermore, NSC177365 has potential applications in reversing neurodegenerative disorders and shows promise as an anticancer agent, making it a valuable tool for chemical research.
  28. COX Inhibitor

    1-Oxo Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, specifically targeting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. As a degradation product and potential impurity of Ibuprofen, it demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 13 μM for COX-1 and 370 μM for COX-2. This compound is useful for research applications involving the study of prostaglandin synthesis and the metabolic pathways of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  29. Inhibitor Of The Binding Of DQ8 Peptide To MHC Class II Molecule

    D-α-Methyl DOPA is an inhibitor of the binding of DQ8 peptide to MHC class II molecules. By occupying a pocket in the DQ8 peptide binding groove, D-α-Methyl DOPA disrupts the presentation of DQ8 peptides to CD4+ T cells. This inhibition may play a role in modulating the immune response, potentially slowing the development or progression of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. This compound is valuable in immunological research focused on T cell activation and autoimmune disease mechanisms.
  30. COX Inhibitor

    Ibuprofen Impurity F is a specific impurity of Ibuprofen, a well-known anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2. It exhibits inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 13 μM for COX-1 and 370 μM for COX-2. This reagent is valuable for quality control and analytical characterization in pharmaceutical research and development, particularly in the study of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  31. COX Inhibitor

    Piroxicam cinnamate is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. It is stable under gastric conditions, making it suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory-degenerative osteoarticular diseases, rheumatic disorders, and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermia. This compound offers significant potential for investigating therapeutic approaches to various inflammatory conditions.
  32. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Valeryl salicylate is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory processes. Its mechanism offers insights into the modulation of COX-1 enzyme activity and potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions.
  33. COX1/2 Inhibitor

    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties and is valuable in research aimed at understanding the role of COX enzymes in various disease models. Its application extends to pharmacological studies focused on pain, inflammation, and potential therapeutic interventions.
  34. COX Inhibitor

    Ibuprofen impurity 1 is an impurity of the widely used anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen, which acts as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively. This compound is essential for evaluating the purity and quality of ibuprofen formulations in research. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the pharmacological effects and potential side effects of ibuprofen in various biological assays.
  35. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Robenacoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It primarily reduces the production of prostaglandins associated with inflammation and pain, making it valuable for research related to inflammatory diseases and pain management. This compound is utilized in studies aiming to elucidate the role of COX-2 in various biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation.
  36. COX-2 Inhibitor

    3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene that functions as a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties by reducing nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and decreasing COX-2 overexpression. Additionally, 3-Carene enhances both the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, a crucial early marker of osteoblastic differentiation, making it a valuable compound for research in pain management and bone health.
  37. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Mavacoxib is a selective, oral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, functioning as a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This compound effectively alleviates pain and inflammation related to degenerative joint disease, particularly in canine subjects. Research applications include studies on inflammation and pain management in veterinary medicine.
  38. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Desmethyl Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 32 nM, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. As an analog of Celecoxib, this compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focusing on inflammation and pain pathways. Its potency and specificity make it suitable for studies related to COX-2 mediated processes.
  39. 5-LO/COX Inhibitor

    BW 755C is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, exhibiting an IC50 of 5 μM for 5-LO. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 0.65 and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively. This compound is valuable for research applications involving inflammation and other related pathways. Its ability to concurrently inhibit key lipid mediators makes BW 755C a useful tool in studies focused on arachidonic acid metabolism and signaling pathways.
  40. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Enflicoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the inflammatory pathway. This nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects in various animal models. Enflicoxib is valuable for research investigating COX-2-mediated processes and potential therapeutic applications in pain management and inflammation.
  41. COX-1 Inhibitor

    CP-74006 is a selective inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, key mediators in the inflammatory response. CP-74006 is utilized in research focusing on inflammation, pain management, and cardiovascular disease, providing valuable insights into COX-1 related biological processes.
  42. COX inhibitor

    2-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool in research focused on inflammation and pain pathways. This compound is utilized for studying COX-related mechanisms in various biological contexts, potentially aiding in the development of anti-inflammatory therapies.
  43. COX- 2 Inhibitor

    Ocarocoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.4 μM. By inhibiting COX-2, Ocarocoxib effectively reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins, thereby imparting significant anti-inflammatory effects. This compound is useful for research on inflammation and associated pathological conditions.
  44. COX-2/5-LOX Inhibitor

    Tebufelone is a selective dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties, making it useful for research into inflammatory pathways. This compound is valuable for studying the roles of COX-2 and 5-LO in various biological processes and assessing novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.
  45. COX-1 Inhibitor

    Teriflunomide impurity 3, also known as 4-Amino-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide, acts as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 30 µM. This compound exhibits significantly lower activity against COX-2, with an IC50 greater than 100 µM. Teriflunomide impurity 3 is valuable for research applications exploring inflammatory pathways and the role of COX-1 in various biological processes.
  46. iNOS/COX-2 Inhibitor

    Rehmapicrogenin is a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound, derived from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on inflammation pathways. Its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 further underscores its relevance in studies aimed at understanding and treating inflammatory diseases.
  47. COX-1/COX-2 Inhibitor

    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterated analog of (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen, targeting the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. With IC50 values of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively, this compound exhibits significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in various biological research applications.
  48. COX Inhibitor

    Isoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, making it effective in reducing inflammation and pain. Isoxicam is commonly utilized in research related to arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, providing valuable insights into the role of COX enzymes in various biological processes.
  49. COX-2 Inhibitor

    Cimicoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier. It displays significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties by inhibiting the production of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2, with an IC50 of 66 nM against human COX-2. Additionally, Cimicoxib targets CYP2D15, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.6 μM in canines and 0.056 μM in felines. This compound is utilized in research involving inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, and perioperative pain management in orthopedic and soft tissue surgeries.
  50. COX Inhibitor

    Naproxen glucuronide, a metabolite of naproxen, functions as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity, making it useful in the study of pain relief and inflammation pathways. Research applications include examining its metabolic pathways, assessing its efficacy in various inflammatory conditions, and exploring its pharmacokinetic properties in biological systems.

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