Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Taurolithocholic acid-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Taurolithocholic acid, primarily serving as a stable isotope for research applications. It is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic tracing, and isotopic labeling experiments to analyze the dynamics of bile acids in biological systems. Researchers can employ this reagent to enhance the accuracy of quantitative mass spectrometry and elucidate the role of bile acids in various physiological and pathological processes.

Gabapentin-d6 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of Gabapentin, characterized by the incorporation of six deuterium atoms. This reagent is particularly useful in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, facilitating the tracking of Gabapentin's behavior in biological systems. Its deuterated nature allows for enhanced analytical sensitivity in mass spectrometry applications, aiding in drug development and therapeutic monitoring.

Etiracetam-d3 is a deuterated form of Etiracetam, serving as a stable isotope. As an acetylcholine agonist and member of the racetam family, Etiracetam displays nootropic effects, although it is less potent than its S-enantiomer, Levetiracetam. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace acetylcholine-related pathways in the brain.

4-Hydroxynonenal-d3 is a deuterated form of 4-Hydroxynonenal, an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal recognized as a biomarker for oxidative and nitrosative stress. It serves as both a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), influencing various signaling pathways by forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic sites in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. As a significant player in cancer biology, 4-Hydroxynonenal impacts mitochondrial function and cellular signaling processes, making it valuable for research in oxidative stress and its implications in disease.

Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid. This compound has demonstrated antidiabetic activity and is utilized as a drug intermediate in the synthesis of various bioactive molecules. It is valuable for metabolic studies and can aid in tracking the fate of quinoline derivatives in biological systems.

Ethyl phenylglyoxylate-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ethyl phenylglyoxylate, primarily functioning as a stable isotope for chemical research. This compound serves as a synthetic reagent and is recognized as a potent inhibitor of chicken liver carboxylesterase, despite being a poor substrate. Additionally, Ethyl phenylglyoxylate-d5 demonstrates photoreactivity; its excited triplet carbonyl can facilitate intermolecular hydrogen abstraction, radical coupling, and cross-linking reactions, making it valuable in various biochemical studies and synthetic applications.

3-Pyridinemethanol-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of 3-Pyridinemethanol, also known as nicotinyl alcohol. This compound serves as a cholesterol-lowering agent and is utilized in various biochemical research applications, particularly in metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies. The deuterium labeling enhances its utility in tracking metabolic pathways and understanding drug interactions in biological systems.

Entacapone-d10 is a deuterium-labeled version of Entacapone, a potent, reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This compound selectively inhibits COMT with IC50 values of 10 nM in rat brain, 20 nM in erythrocytes, and 160 nM in liver, demonstrating minimal interaction with other catecholamine metabolizing enzymes. Entacapone-d10 is utilized primarily in research related to Parkinson's disease and metabolic disorders, serving as an FTO demethylation inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 μM.

Abiraterone-d4, a deuterium-labeled derivative of Abiraterone, functions as a potent and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme CYP17A1. By specifically targeting the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17, it effectively inhibits both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, displaying IC50 values of 2.5 nM and 15 nM, respectively. This reagent is crucial for studies investigating androgen synthesis pathways and the development of therapies for hormone-sensitive cancers.

Chlorzoxazone-d3 is a deuterated analog of Chlorzoxazone, which is a centrally acting muscle relaxant primarily targeting the spinal cord to alleviate muscle spasms and associated discomfort by suppressing reflexes. This labeled compound serves as a valuable marker substrate in both in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in human subjects, contributing to pharmacokinetic and toxicological research.

Bromobenzene-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of bromobenzene, an established environmental toxin. It predominantly targets cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to the formation of reactive metabolites that induce oxidative stress, resulting in liver and kidney damage. This stable isotope is valuable for tracing studies and investigating metabolic pathways in toxicology and environmental research.

Methoxsalen-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Methoxsalen, which is a tricyclic furocoumarin that functions as a suicide inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. This compound is primarily utilized in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo, often in conjunction with ultraviolet light exposure. Methoxsalen-d3 serves as a valuable stable isotope for research applications that require precise tracking of metabolic pathways and CYP enzyme interactions.

Anastrozole-d12 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Anastrozole, serving as a stable isotope for research applications. Anastrozole functions as a potent and highly selective aromatase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 15 nM against human placental aromatase. This compound is valuable for studying estrogen synthesis, alongside monitoring metabolic pathways and pharmacokinetic assessments in various biological systems.

2-Ethylhexyl (E)-3-(4-(methoxy-d3)phenyl)acrylate is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Octinoxate, functioning primarily as a thyroid hormone receptor agonist. This compound has been shown to decrease levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), along with transcription levels of genes associated with type II deiodinase (deio2) in Japanese Medaka, supporting its role in endocrine research. Additionally, it is utilized as a UV filter in aquatic environments and exhibits inhibitory effects on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, influencing hyaluronan metabolism through the PI3K pathway in human keratinocytes. Its anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, making it valuable for hormonal modulation research.

Veratrole-d4 is a deuterated stable isotope of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), a significant compound prevalent in various plant species. This compound is integral to attracting pollinators and exhibits a circadian rhythm, influencing plant reproduction and species differentiation. Additionally, Veratrole can undergo demethylation through cytochrome P-450 in Streptomyces setonii, making Veratrole-d4 a valuable tool for research in plant biology and metabolic pathways.

MCPA-d3 is a deuterated form of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA, which primarily disrupts plant membrane integrity and energy metabolism by decreasing ATP levels. This compound is capable of enhancing hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels and stimulating the activities of enzymes such as aniline hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase. MCPA-d3 is utilized in research applications focusing on herbicide mechanisms, plant biochemistry, and environmental impact studies involving broadleaf weed control.

Diosmetin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Diosmetin, a natural flavonoid. This compound targets the human CYP1A enzyme, exhibiting inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 40 μM in HepG2 cells. Diosmetin-d3 is primarily utilized in metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic research, allowing for the tracing of bioavailability and metabolic pathways of Diosmetin in various biological systems.

7-Ethoxycoumarin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of 7-Ethoxycoumarin, targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. This stable isotope serves as a valuable substrate in the functional characterization and kinetic studies of various CYP450 isoforms. It is particularly useful in drug metabolism research and toxicology studies, allowing for precise measurement and analysis of enzyme activity in biological systems.

Topiroxostat-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Topiroxostat, a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) with an IC50 of 5.3 nM and a Ki of 5.7 nM. This compound exhibits weak inhibitory activity on CYP3A4 (18.6%), making it suitable for in-depth metabolic studies. Topiroxostat is primarily utilized for research related to hyperuricemia, targeting pathways involved in uric acid production and metabolism.

Clobetasol 17-Propionate-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Clobetasol propionate, a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP3A5, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.206 μM. This compound specifically targets CYP3A5 while showing no inhibition on CYP3A4 or other major cytochrome P450 enzymes. With its corticosteroid properties, Clobetasol 17-Propionate-d5 is suitable for research applications related to psoriasis and other dermatoses, providing a valuable tool for studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of corticosteroids in biological systems.

Ethylvanillin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of ethylvanillin, designed as a stable isotope for use in biochemical research. This compound retains the aromatic properties of its parent molecule while providing a unique label for tracing and quantifying ethylvanillin in metabolic studies. It is particularly useful in experiments involving flavor compounds, sensory analysis, and isotopic labeling in food chemistry and fragrance research.

Abiraterone acetate-d4 is the deuterium-labeled form of Abiraterone acetate, a potent and selective irreversible inhibitor of CYP17A1 with notable antiandrogen activity. This stable isotope is utilized in various biological research applications, including pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, allowing for precise tracking of the compound's fate in biological systems. As a proagent of Abiraterone, it provides valuable insights into androgen receptor signaling pathways and related therapeutic interventions.

Methoxsalen-13C,d3 (8-Methoxypsoralen-13C,d3) is a stable isotope-labeled form of Methoxsalen, a furanocoumarin compound that acts as a P450 inhibitor. This compound is primarily utilized in research related to dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo, as well as in the study of certain sun-exposed cutaneous lymphomas. The incorporation of deuterium and carbon-13 labels allows for advanced analytical techniques in metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies.

Veratrole-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), which serves as a stable isotope standard in research applications. This compound is prevalent in various plant species where it is involved in pollinator attraction and exhibits a circadian rhythm that influences plant reproductive processes and species differentiation. Additionally, Veratrole is known to undergo demethylation by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in Streptomyces setonii, making it valuable for studies in plant biochemistry and microbial metabolism.

Proadifen-d2 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Proadifen, functioning as a stable isotope. This reagent serves as an important tool for metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic investigations, enabling precise tracking of drug metabolism pathways and interactions. Its applications are valuable in both biochemical research and drug development, providing insights into the pharmacological profile of Proadifen and its derivatives.

Dihydrolanosterol-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dihydrolanosterol, primarily serving as a stable isotope for research applications. This compound acts as a substrate for CYP51 and functions as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is valuable for studies involving lipid metabolism, sterol biosynthesis pathways, and the role of cholesterol in cellular processes.

Chlorzoxazone-13C is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Chlorzoxazone, a centrally acting muscle relaxant that alleviates muscle spasms and associated pain. This compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, providing insights into the drug's mechanism of action and its effects within biological systems. The incorporation of the 13C label enables precise tracking and analysis in various experimental settings.

Stiripentol-d9 is a deuterium-labeled variant of the anticonvulsant Stiripentol. This compound acts primarily by noncompetitively inhibiting N-demethylation of clonazepam (CLB) to its active form, N-desmethylclonazepam (NCLB), via CYP3A4 and competitively via CYP2C19, with measured inhibition constants (Kis) of 1.59±0.07 μM and 0.516±0.065 μM, respectively. With an IC50 of 1.58 μM for CYP3A4 and 3.29 μM for CYP2C19, Stiripentol-d9 is valuable for studying metabolic pathways and the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs.

Ticlopidine hydrochloride-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ticlopidine hydrochloride, functioning primarily as a stable isotope for research applications. Ticlopidine is recognized as an antithrombotic agent and acts as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of CD39, demonstrating an IC50 of 81.7 μM. Furthermore, it inhibits various NTPDase isoenzymes, with IC50 values of 170 μM for NTPDase2 and 149 μM for NTPDase3, in addition to its role as an inhibitor of CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, with IC50s of 26.0 and 32.3 μM, respectively. This reagent is valuable for studies involving purinergic signaling and drug metabolism.

Veratrole-d2 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), a compound crucial for plant reproductive processes and interactions with pollinators. This stable isotope enables studies of plant circadian rhythms and the ecological impacts of Veratrole on species differentiation. Additionally, Veratrole-d2 can be utilized to investigate the demethylation activity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in Streptomyces setonii, providing valuable insights into metabolic pathways and enzyme function in various biological systems.

Veratrole-d10 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), serving as a stable isotope for analytical applications. This compound is integral to various plant processes, including pollinator attraction and reproductive timing, exhibiting a release pattern governed by circadian rhythms. Additionally, Veratrole is involved in biochemical pathways, notably undergoing demethylation through cytochrome P-450 activity in Streptomyces setonii, making it valuable for studies in plant biology and microbial biochemistry.

Rufinamide-d2 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Rufinamide, which primarily targets sodium channels to inhibit Na+ current activation. This compound exhibits notable anticonvulsant activity and is effective in reducing neuronal hyperexcitability. Rufinamide-d2 is particularly valuable in research related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, providing a tool for investigating the pharmacological mechanisms underlying this condition.

Rufinamide-15N,d2-1 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Rufinamide, which serves as an orally active antiepileptic agent. This compound exerts its primary action by inhibiting sodium current activation, thereby reducing neuronal hyperexcitability and exhibiting anticonvulsant properties. Rufinamide-15N,d2-1 is valuable for research applications related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and the study of sodium channel modulation in epilepsy.

Cyfluthrin-d6 is a deuterated form of Cyfluthrin, a type II pyrethroid known for its insecticidal properties. This compound primarily targets Nav1.8 sodium channels, modulating their activity through repetitive stimulation. Cyfluthrin-d6 is valuable in research applications pertaining to insect behavior, agricultural pest management, and the study of pyrethroid mechanisms of action. Its stable isotope labeling is instrumental for tracking and quantifying Cyfluthrin in various biological and environmental studies.

Rufinamide-15N,d2 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of Rufinamide, an orally active antiepileptic agent that primarily targets sodium channels to inhibit current activation. This compound exhibits significant anticonvulsant properties, effectively reducing neuronal hyperexcitability. Rufinamide-15N,d2 is ideal for research applications focused on understanding the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action of Rufinamide, particularly in the context of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome studies.

Mepivacaine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Mepivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic. It selectively binds to voltage-gated sodium ion channels in neuronal cell membranes, effectively inhibiting sodium influx and membrane depolarization. This stable isotope is useful in pharmacokinetic studies and isotope-labeling experiments, providing a valuable tool for understanding the mechanism of action and metabolism of local anesthetics.

Flecainide-d4 acetate is a deuterium-labeled form of Flecainide acetate, a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent. It primarily targets the Nav1.5 sodium channel in cardiac tissue, effectively inhibiting sodium ion influx and prolonging the cardiac action potential. This reagent is utilized in research related to cardiac arrhythmias and the pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic drugs. Its stable isotope labeling aids in studies involving drug metabolism and distribution.

Methocarbamol-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of Methocarbamol, a central muscle relaxant. It primarily targets the voltage-gated Nav1.4 sodium channel, modulating its inactivation kinetics. This compound is valuable for studying muscle spasms and pain syndromes, enabling researchers to explore its pharmacokinetics and physiological effects in various experimental contexts.

Eslicarbazepine Acetate-d3 is a deuterated form of Eslicarbazepine acetate, a potent antiepileptic agent. This compound functions as a dual inhibitor of β-Secretase and voltage-gated sodium channels, contributing to its neurological activity. Eslicarbazepine Acetate-d3 is primarily used in research applications involving metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic profiling of antiepileptic drugs, providing insights into their mechanisms and effectiveness.

Propafenone-(phenyl-dd5) hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the anti-arrhythmic agent Propafenone hydrochloride. This reagent is utilized primarily in stable isotope tracing studies to investigate metabolic pathways and drug interactions. Its application extends to understanding the pharmacokinetics of anti-arrhythmic therapies in models of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

Benzocaine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Benzocaine, functioning as a stable isotope. This compound targets voltage-gated sodium channels and exhibits biological activity with an IC50 of 0.8 mM at +30 mV. Benzocaine-d4 is valuable for research applications involving pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism studies, and the investigation of local anesthetic mechanisms.

Bupivacaine-d9 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled analog of Bupivacaine hydrochloride, primarily known for its role as an NMDA receptor inhibitor. This compound effectively blocks sodium, L-calcium, and potassium channels, demonstrating potent inhibition of SCN5A channels with an IC50 value of 69.5 μM. Bupivacaine-d9 hydrochloride is valuable for research focused on chronic pain modulation and neuronal signaling studies.

Dibucaine-d9 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dibucaine hydrochloride, primarily functioning as a sodium channel inhibitor. This compound exhibits strong inhibition of serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity, making it valuable in pharmacological studies related to analgesia and local anesthesia. Its stable isotope labeling facilitates advanced metabolic research and provides insights into drug metabolism and distribution.

Licarbazepine-d4-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Licarbazepine, a known voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. This compound exhibits significant anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing properties, making it valuable for research in neurological disorders and mood regulation. Licarbazepine-d4-1 is useful in studies requiring isotopic tracing, such as pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigations.

Licarbazepine-d8 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Licarbazepine, a potent voltage-gated sodium channel blocker known for its anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing properties. The stable isotope labeling enhances research applications in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic investigations of Licarbazepine. This compound is valuable for elucidating the mechanisms of action and efficacy of sodium channel modulation in neurological disorders.

Propafenone-d5 Ethyl hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Propafenone hydrochloride, an anti-arrhythmic medication classified as a Class 1C agent. It primarily targets sodium channels to inhibit cardiac arrhythmias, making it effective in managing conditions such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic investigations in cardiovascular research applications.

Methocarbamol-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Methocarbamol, a centrally acting muscle relaxant that targets the Nav1.4 sodium channel. This stable isotope aids in studies related to muscle spasms and pain syndromes by providing insights into the voltage-dependent inactivation mechanisms of the Nav1.4 channel. Its unique labeling facilitates enhanced tracking and analysis in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies.

Atomoxetine-d7 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. With Ki values of 5, 77, and 1451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively, it is known to enhance catecholaminergic neurotransmission and elevate dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, Atomoxetine functions as a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. This reagent is applicable in research focused on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related neural mechanisms.

Propafenone-d5 hydrochloride is a deuterated form of the anti-arrhythmic agent Propafenone, targeting cardiac ion channels to regulate heart rhythm. This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Propafenone and its metabolites. Its application extends to both clinical and preclinical investigations of cardiac health and therapeutic efficacy.

Mexiletine-d6 is a deuterated form of Mexiletine, an orally bioavailable antiarrhythmic compound known for its ability to alleviate myotonia and neuropathic pain. This reagent functions primarily by blocking sodium channels, demonstrating an IC50 of 75±8 μM for tonic block and 23.6±2.8 μM for use-dependent block. Its unique isotopic labeling makes Mexiletine-d6 suitable for applications in cardiovascular and neurological research, allowing for enhanced tracing and understanding of molecular interactions in biological systems.