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P2X3 Receptor Antagonist
Aurintricarboxylic acid is a selective allosteric antagonist of the P2X3 receptor, demonstrating nanomolar potency with IC50 values of 72.9 nM for rP2X3R and 8.6 nM for rP2X1R. It exhibits significant anti-influenza activity by inhibiting neuraminidase and serves as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, influencing apoptosis mechanisms. Additionally, aurintricarboxylic acid modulates the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway and acts as a cystathionine-lyase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Its role in regulating miRNA function is also noteworthy, with an IC50 of 0.47 µM, making it valuable for various biological research applications. -
SCD1 Inhibitor
SSI-4 is a potent stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) inhibitor with an EC50 of 1.9 nM for mouse SCD1. By blocking the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, SSI-4 effectively reduces oleic and palmitoleic acid production. It promotes lipid peroxidation, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activates apoptotic pathways. Additionally, SSI-4 inhibits mTORC1 activity, suppresses B cell proliferation and antibody production, and induces autophagy. This compound is valuable for studies related to cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia and renal cell carcinoma, as well as influenza infections. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
Dehydroandrographolide succinate acts as a potent inhibitor of the influenza virus. Extracted from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, it exhibits immunostimulatory, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for research into viral pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infections. Additionally, it demonstrates antithrombotic effects by significantly reducing platelet aggregation, as evidenced by a calculated ED50 of 386.9 mg/kg. The compound also mitigates muscle atrophy through the Akt/GSK3β and MuRF-1 signaling pathways. -
Anthocyanin Compound
Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride is an anthocyanin compound noted for its ability to inhibit nitric oxide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. It demonstrates significant antiviral properties, specifically inhibiting influenza neuraminidase with an IC50 of 72 μM and serves as a potent H274Y mutation inhibitor. Additionally, this compound exhibits antioxidant and anti-angiogenic activities, making it suitable for various biological and pharmaceutical research applications. -
NA Inhibitor
Urolithin M5 is an orally active inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 174.8 μM to 257.1 μM. It effectively suppresses influenza virus replication, including strains resistant to oseltamivir, while demonstrating neuroprotective properties by reducing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Urolithin M5 also promotes neurite outgrowth and protects against lung edema in infected mammals. Additionally, it interacts with key signaling proteins such as IGF1R, MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1, and EGFR, making it a valuable reagent for research into influenza and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. -
IL-6 Inhibitor
Koaburaside is an IL-6 inhibitor known for its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. This natural compound exhibits significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 9.0 μM in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Additionally, Koaburaside effectively reduces histamine release and downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in human mast cells. It also demonstrates inhibitory effects on influenza A neuraminidase, highlighting its potential applications in inflammatory and viral research. -
Antimicrobial Agent
Streptothricin E is a potent antimicrobial agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. It exhibits effective inhibitory activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, making it valuable in microbiological research and therapeutic applications. Additionally, Streptothricin E has been shown to inhibit the PR-8 strain of influenza virus in tissue culture, highlighting its potential utility in virology studies. -
Fungal
Aureonitol is a fungal metabolite that targets the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin of the influenza virus, effectively exhibiting anti-influenza activity. This compound demonstrates potential for therapeutic applications in the development of antiviral agents, making it valuable for research in virology and infectious disease studies. Its mechanism of action suggests further investigation into its use for combating influenza virus infections. -
Antimicrobial Agent
Biclotymol is an antimicrobial agent primarily targeting gram-positive cocci. It effectively inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, displaying a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 150 μM. Additionally, Biclotymol demonstrates anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making it relevant for research applications in otolaryngological infections and throat pain management. -
Metabolite
9-Methylstreptimidone is a microbial metabolite primarily derived from Streptomyces sp. S-885, exhibiting notable antifungal and antiviral properties. It demonstrates activity against various fungal species, including S. sake, S. fragilis, R. rubra, T. rubra, and C. albidus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to 20 μg/mL. Additionally, 9-Methylstreptimidone has effective antiviral activity against poliovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in vitro (MIC=0.02 μg/mL for all). In vivo studies indicate that this compound enhances survival in mouse models challenged with influenza A2 (H2N2) and C. albicans when administered prior to infection. -
Clarithromycin Metabolite
14-Hydroxyclarithromycin, a significant metabolite of Clarithromycin, demonstrates oral bioactivity. This compound enhances the antimicrobial effectiveness of Clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae in both in vitro and in vivo settings. It serves as a valuable tool in infection research, contributing to a deeper understanding of antibiotic modulation and efficacy. -
Cephalosporin Prodrug
Cefcanel daloxate is a cephalosporin prodrug that exhibits antibacterial activity primarily against Gram-positive bacteria and Haemophilus influenzae. As an orally active compound, it has potential applications in research related to uremia, helping to elucidate mechanisms of infection and treatment strategies in affected patients. -
LAL Inhibitor
Lalistat 1 is a selective and competitive inhibitor of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), demonstrating an IC50 of 68 nM against purified human LAL. It also inhibits immunoglobulin A1 protease (IgA1P) from Haemophilus influenzae while exhibiting minimal effects on other serine hydrolases such as trypsin and β-lactamase. This compound is valuable for investigating Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease and related metabolic disorders. -
SCD Inhibitor
Elemicin is a potent inhibitor of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), acting through metabolic activation. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-influenza, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. Its mechanism and diverse applications make Elemicin a valuable reagent for research in metabolic studies and infectious disease treatment. Caution is advised, as Elemicin and its reactive metabolite, 1′-Hydroxyelemicin, may induce hepatotoxicity. -
Antimicrobial Compound
Ro 25-0534 is an antimicrobial compound primarily targeting various bacterial pathogens. It exhibits significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas and is effective against a range of Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90: 0.06-2 μg/mL), Oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus, β-hemolytic Streptococcus, and penicillin-susceptible pneumococci (MIC90: 1-2 μg/mL). Additionally, Ro 25-0534 shows potency against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90: 0.25-0.5 μg/mL), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90: 0.5 μg/mL), and most nonenteric Gram-negative bacilli (MIC90: 2-4 μg/mL), making it a valuable tool for microbiological research and infection studies. -
Precursor Form
Oseltamivir acid methyl ester hydrochloride is a precursor to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir acid, which exhibits antiviral activity against influenza viruses. Upon administration, it is metabolized by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to yield oseltamivir acid, facilitating its therapeutic effects. This reagent is primarily utilized in research applications focused on antiviral drug development and metabolic studies involving oseltamivir. -
Cephalosporin
LY164846 is an orally active cephalosporin antibiotic that primarily targets Haemophilus influenzae, exhibiting high sensitivity to both typical and ampicillin-resistant strains, with an MIC90 ≤ 4 μg/mL. The compound also demonstrates significant activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species (excluding Enterococcus), with MIC90 values ranging from 0.25 to 8 μg/mL, and shows moderate sensitivity towards anaerobic bacteria. Its bactericidal properties are indicated by an MBC/MIC ratio of ≤ 2 against Haemophilus influenzae. LY164846 is valuable for investigating respiratory and skin infections in biomedical research. -
Fluorescent Substrate
4-MUNANA is a highly selective fluorescent substrate for influenza virus neuraminidase (NA), undergoing an irreversible enzymatic reaction that releases fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). The fluorescence intensity of 4-MU provides a quantitative measure of NA activity, making 4-MUNANA a valuable tool in influenza research. Applications include screening for neuraminidase inhibitors, creating new anti-influenza therapies, and investigating the infection mechanisms of influenza viruses. -
Fluorescence probe
BTP9-Neu5Ac is a fluorescence probe that targets neuraminidase (NA) sialidase activity in influenza viruses. It enables the visualization of intracellular Golgi localization of viral NA activity, providing insights into the enzyme's function within the viral life cycle. BTP9-Neu5Ac is essential for precise and temporal monitoring of key enzymatic activities, facilitating the study of viral pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention strategies. -
Clk1 Inhibitor
CLK1-IN-2 is a potent and metabolically stable inhibitor of CLK1, exhibiting a selectivity for its target with an IC50 value of 1.7 nM. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on tumor biology, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and viral infections, including HIV-1 and influenza. CLK1-IN-2 facilitates the study of cellular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions related to these diseases. -
CLK Inhibitor
KH-CB19 is a selective inhibitor of CLK (cdc2-like kinase) with an IC50 of 19.7 nM for CLK1 and 530 nM for CLK3. This compound exhibits antiviral properties, demonstrated by its ability to hinder influenza virus replication, with an IC50 value of 13.6 μM. KH-CB19 serves as a valuable tool for research into CLK-related pathways and antiviral drug development. -
M2 Channel Blocker
M2 Ion Channel Blocker-2 is a selective inhibitor of M2 ion channels, effectively targeting both wild-type and mutant variants (L27F and V27A). This compound exhibits significant antiviral activity against HCoV-229E, with an EC50 value of 4.7 μM in cytopathic effect assays, while showing no antiviral effects against influenza A virus. Additionally, M2 Ion Channel Blocker-2 demonstrates negligible inhibition of hERG and key cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4), making it a useful tool for research in virology and ion channel modulation. -
AXL kinase Inhibitor
SLC-391 is an orally active AXL kinase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 of 9.6 nM against AXL kinase. It effectively inhibits Gas6-induced AXL-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and has shown potential in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 infection, entry, and replication within host cells. Additionally, SLC-391 has been found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in mouse solid tumor xenograft models. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research in areas such as COVID-19, influenza virus infections, triple-negative breast cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, and non-small cell lung cancer. -
Antimicrobial Agent
Meropenem sodium is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic known for its potent antibacterial activity. It exhibits efficacy against susceptible and resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC of 0.02-0.06 mg/mL), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC of 0.03-0.12 mg/mL), and Haemophilus ducreyi (MIC of 0.015-0.12 mg/mL). This compound is crucial for research focused on bacterial resistance and the development of antimicrobial therapies. -
Cephalosporin
CGP 31523A is a broad-spectrum aminothiazole cephalosporin that targets several Gram-negative bacteria. It demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus (excluding Enterococcus faecalis). While CGP 31523A is susceptible to the hydrolytic action of Escherichia coli type Ic β-lactamase, it remains stable against type Ia β-lactamase. This compound is utilized in research focusing on infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including those caused by multi-drug resistant strains. -
Stable Isotope
Rifampicin-d3 is a deuterated derivative of Rifampicin, a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily targeting bacterial infections. It exhibits antimicrobial activity and has been shown to possess anti-influenza virus properties. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, mechanism of action investigations, and metabolic research in the field of infectious diseases. -
Antiviral Agent
3-Indoleacetonitrile is an indole derivative that acts as an antiviral agent, demonstrating significant activity against a wide range of influenza A viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in vitro. It has been shown to reduce lung virus titers and mitigate lung lesions in vivo, making it a valuable compound for studying antiviral mechanisms. Additionally, 3-Indoleacetonitrile enhances mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) protein levels, indicating its role in reinforcing antiviral responses. This compound is suitable for research focused on viral infections, including influenza and COVID-19. -
Antiviral Agent
Antiviral Agent 58 (Compound J1) is an orally active compound that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. It targets a variety of viral pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). This agent is of significant interest for research applications focusing on the treatment of viral infections. -
Endonuclease Inhibitor
AV5116 is a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor that specifically targets the active site of the cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) within the N-terminal domain of polymerase acidic. This compound demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against various influenza viruses, including types A, B, and C. AV5116 is valuable for research investigating influenza virus infections and the mechanisms of antiviral action. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic polysaccharide that targets influenza virus inhibition, specifically effective against the H1N1 strain. Its primary mechanism involves enhancing the solubility of various compounds, making it a valuable tool in virology research. Additionally, β-Cyclodextrin demonstrates significant antiviral activity, providing potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of influenza. -
Neuraminidase Inhibitor
2,3-Dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid is a potent inhibitor of neuraminidase enzymes, functioning primarily through competitive inhibition. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on human neuraminidase isoforms NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4, with IC50 values of 143, 43, 61, and 74 μM, respectively. Its inhibitory activity positions it as a valuable tool for researching anti-influenza virus mechanisms and for studying sialidase-related biological processes. -
Influenza Viru Inhibitor
Desaminotyrosine is an influenza virus inhibitor that enhances type I interferon signaling. This microbial metabolite plays a crucial role in the immune response against influenza, offering protective effects by promoting antiviral activity. Its mechanism of action makes it valuable for research into antiviral therapies and immune modulation strategies. -
Influenza Viru Inhibitor
L-Norleucine, a derivative of leucine, primarily functions as an antiviral agent by inhibiting protein synthesis, particularly in the context of influenza virus infections. Its activity interferes with viral replication, making it a valuable reagent for research applications focused on viral biology and therapeutic interventions against influenza. L-Norleucine can be utilized in studies exploring mechanisms of protein synthesis modulation and the development of antiviral strategies. -
Non-ionic Detergent
Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8) functions as a non-ionic detergent, primarily utilized for solubilizing membrane proteins. This compound effectively disrupts lipid bilayers, making it a valuable tool for extracting membrane proteins and studying their structure and function. Additionally, C12E8 demonstrates the ability to solubilize the viral membrane of intact influenza virus, facilitating research in virology and membrane biochemistry. -
MTr1 Inhibitor
Trifluoromethyl-tubercidin (TFMT) is an inhibitor of the enzyme 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase 1 (MTr1). This compound effectively disrupts the cap-snatching mechanism utilized by influenza A and B viruses, thereby inhibiting viral replication. TFMT demonstrates notable antiviral activity with minimal toxicity, making it a valuable reagent for studies in virology and antiviral research. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
Epigoitrin is a natural alkaloid that exhibits antiviral activity against influenza viruses by inhibiting attachment and replication of the influenza A1 virus FM1 in vitro. This compound enhances the host's resistance to influenza infection, particularly under stress conditions. Additionally, Epigoitrin demonstrates lipid-lowering effects, making it a potential candidate for research in infectious diseases and metabolic health. -
Influenza Viru
Influenza A NP(366-374) Strain A/PR/8/35 is a peptide derived from the nucleoprotein of Influenza A virus, specifically restricted by the H2-Db major histocompatibility complex. This epitope plays a crucial role in immune response studies and can be utilized in vaccine development and T cell activity assays. It aids in understanding the immune recognition of influenza virus and contributes to research focused on viral pathogenesis and host immunity. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine is a nucleoside analog that serves as a potent inhibitor of influenza viruses, exhibiting an effective concentration (EC90) of less than 0.35 μM against both influenza A and B strains. This compound disrupts the replication process of the influenza virus in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in reduced fever and alleviated nasal inflammation. Its antiviral properties make it a valuable tool for research on influenza virus pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention strategies. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
Rupestonic acid is a sesquiterpene that acts as an inhibitor of the influenza virus. This compound demonstrates significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable tool for research focused on influenza virus pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Its ability to disrupt viral replication holds potential for the development of novel antiviral strategies. -
Kinase Inhibitor
3-Deoxysappanchalcone is a potent kinase inhibitor that selectively targets MET, EGFR, AKT, mTOR, p38 MAPK, JNK, thrombin, FXa, and influenza virus neuraminidase, modulating key signaling pathways. This compound is known to induce cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis, demonstrating significant biological activities. Its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic properties make it valuable for research in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, thrombosis, and influenza virus infections. -
Anti-influenza Drug
Clemastanin B is a lignan with potent anti-influenza activity, primarily through inhibition of viral multiplication, prophylaxis, and blockade of virus attachment. It targets key processes in the viral lifecycle, including endocytosis, uncoating, and the export of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) from the nucleus. Additionally, Clemastanin B exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable compound for research into viral infections and inflammatory responses. -
Antiviral Drug
Azaribine, a potent inhibitor of orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPD), serves as an effective antiviral agent against several RNA viruses. It disrupts viral genome replication and gene transcription, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral activity with EC50 values ranging from 3.80 nM to 1.73 μM against influenza A and B viruses, and an EC50 of 1.62 μM against Zika virus (ZIKV Paraiba). Additionally, Azaribine holds potential for research applications related to psoriasis. -
Specialized Proresolving Mediator
17-HDHA is a specialized proresolving mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It plays a critical role in enhancing the antibody-mediated immune response against influenza virus by promoting the differentiation of B cells into CD27+ CD38+ antibody-secreting cells. This action significantly increases the production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) by activated B cells, making it a valuable tool for research into immune response and resolution of inflammation. -
Antiviral Agent
Salcomine is an N,N’-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminocobalt(II) complex that acts as a potent antiviral agent, specifically targeting influenza viruses. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting viral replication. Salcomine is valuable in research applications aimed at understanding virus-host interactions and developing antiviral therapies. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
Oseltamivir-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Oseltamivir, which functions as a neuraminidase inhibitor targeting the influenza virus. This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity against various influenza strains, including A/H3N2, A/H1N2, A/H1N1, and B, with mean IC50 values of 0.67, 0.9, 1.34, and 13 nM, respectively. Oseltamivir-d3 is valuable for research applications focused on influenza virus studies, antiviral drug development, and mechanistic investigations of neuraminidase inhibition. -
Hepatitis B Inactivator
DL-Pyroglutamic acid functions as an inactivator of the hepatitis B virus by targeting its surface proteins. In addition to its antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and influenza virus, DL-Pyroglutamic acid may also inhibit GABA transaminase, leading to increased levels of GABA. This mechanism suggests potential antiepileptic effects, making it valuable for research in virology and neurology. -
CEN Inhibitor
AV5124 is an orally active cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor, functioning as a prodrug of AV5116. It exhibits potent antiviral activity by inhibiting the endonuclease function essential for influenza virus replication. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on developing antiviral strategies against influenza and understanding viral RNA synthesis mechanisms. -
IAV Inhibitor
VNT-101 is an orally active inhibitor of influenza A virus (IAV) that targets the nucleoprotein (NP) and disrupts NP-NP protein-protein interactions, leading to the destabilization of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex. This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity across various IAV subtypes, with EC50 values ranging from 4-5 nM in cellular cytopathic effect assays, 4-8 nM in neuraminidase assays, and 21-45 nM in ribonucleoprotein assays. Additionally, VNT-101 shows significant in vivo antiviral efficacy in mice infected with lethal H1N1 virus, making it a valuable tool for studying influenza A infection and potential therapeutic interventions. -
Adjuvant
Polygalasaponin XXXI, also known as Onjisaponin F, functions as an effective adjuvant, enhancing the immune response when administered intranasally alongside influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines. This compound supports the development of protective immunity against influenza virus infection, making it valuable in vaccine formulation research and development. Its adjuvant properties are crucial for optimizing vaccine efficacy and improving overall immune defense strategies. -
PA endonuclease Inhibitor
L-742001 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the influenza virus PA endonuclease, specifically targeting the viral RNA polymerase complex. It demonstrates an effective EC90 of 4.3 μM for vRNP activity in HEK293T cells. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on antiviral drug development and understanding viral replication mechanisms.

