Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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HDAC/CDK Inhibitor
CDK/HDAC-IN-2 is a dual inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), exhibiting IC50 values of 6.4 nM for HDAC1, 0.25 nM for HDAC2, 45 nM for HDAC3, and >1000 nM for HDAC6,8, as well as 8.63 nM for CDK1, 0.30 nM for CDK2, and >1000 nM for CDK4,6,7. This compound demonstrates significant antiproliferative effects, inducing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. CDK/HDAC-IN-2 is particularly valuable in cancer research due to its potent antitumor efficacy. -
HDAC3/6 Inhibitor
HDAC3/6-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases HDAC3 and HDAC6, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.368 μM and 0.635 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant antitumor activity by promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, HDAC3/6-IN-2 reduces the levels of HDAC3 and HDAC6, leading to the upregulation of acetylated histone H3 and α-tubulin, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes for cancers associated with these targets. -
HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-71 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that exhibits IC50 values of 12.6 nM for HDAC1, 14.1 nM for HDAC2, 20 nM for HDAC3, 3 nM for HDAC6, and 72 nM for HDAC10. This compound effectively induces apoptosis, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Its selective inhibition of multiple HDAC isoforms can aid in elucidating the role of histone modification in tumor progression and therapeutic response. -
Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide-releasing hybrid molecules
NOSH-aspirin (NBS-1120) is a hybrid molecule designed to release both nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. This compound demonstrates potent inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Additionally, NOSH-aspirin has been shown to suppress NF-κB and FoxM1 activity in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Its neuroprotective effects are evident in rat models of Parkinson's disease, where it alleviates motor deficits and reduces neuroinflammation associated with microglial and astrocytic activation. NOSH-aspirin is suitable for studies involving pancreatic cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. -
HDAC6 Inhibitor
C1A is an inhibitor of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs) as well as sirtuins, demonstrating an IC50 of 479 nM specifically for HDAC6. This compound promotes sustained acetylation of HDAC6 substrates, including α-tubulin and HSP90, contributing to its potent anticancer properties. C1A has been shown to effectively induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development. -
LSD1/HDAC Inhibitor
LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and several histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8), with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 39.0 nM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, and causing G2/M cell cycle arrest. Additionally, LSD1/HDAC-IN-2 reduces cell migration and displays antitumor efficacy in mouse models, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic development. -
Coccidiostat Agent
Narasin sodium is a cationic ionophore and coccidiostat agent that effectively targets and inhibits NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound has demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties as well as the ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Narasin sodium is utilized in both agricultural and biomedical research applications, particularly in studies focused on cancer treatment and microbial resistance. -
HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-42 is a potent and selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), displaying IC50 values of 0.19 µM for HDAC1 and 4.98 µM for HDAC6. This compound demonstrates significant anticancer and anti-proliferative effects, inducing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. HDAC-IN-42 is valuable for research applications focused on cancer biology and the modulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. -
Top/HDAC Dual Inhibitor
Top/HDAC-IN-2 is a dual inhibitor targeting topoisomerase and histone deacetylases (HDACs). This compound demonstrates significant antitumor activity and effectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Its ability to concurrently interfere with these critical pathways makes it a valuable tool for researchers investigating cancer therapeutics and cell death mechanisms. -
FLT3/HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-63 is a dual inhibitor targeting both FLT3 and HDAC, with IC50 values of 0.844 nM for FLT3 and 30.0 nM for HDAC1. It demonstrates potent inhibition of MV4-11 cell proliferation, with an IC50 of 92 nM, and effectively induces apoptosis while arresting the cell cycle in MV4-11 cells. This compound serves as a valuable research tool for the study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. -
PROTAC HDAC6 Degrader
PROTAC HDAC6 Degrader 1 is a selective compound designed to target and degrade histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) through the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) mechanism. With a DC50 of 3.5 nM, this degrader exhibits significant antiproliferative effects, particularly by inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines. It serves as a valuable tool for research on cancer therapies and the modulation of histone deacetylation pathways. -
HDAC4 Inhibitor
HDAC4-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), demonstrating an IC50 of 0.077 μM. This compound has been shown to enhance caspase-mediated apoptosis, highlighting its potential in anticancer applications. HDAC4-IN-1 is a valuable tool for research into drug combinations aimed at increasing the efficacy of cancer therapies. -
Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Picrasidine I is a dimeric alkaloid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, primarily acting through the modulation of key signaling pathways. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by downregulating the ERK and Akt pathways. Additionally, Picrasidine I inhibits the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB, reduces reactive oxygen species generation, and suppresses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. -
HDAC6 Inhibitor
HDAC6-IN-45 is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), demonstrating an IC50 of 15.2 nM. This compound has been shown to promote neurotrophic effects by enhancing the expression of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin, while also activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Further research applications include its ability to mitigate H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, inhibit apoptosis in PC12 cells, and confer neuroprotective effects in SCOP-induced zebrafish models of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits antioxidant properties and possesses favorable blood-brain barrier permeability. -
Topo II/ HDAC Inhibitor
Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 is a potent dual inhibitor targeting topoisomerase II (Topo II) and histone deacetylases (HDAC). This compound is known to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Research applications include studies on cancer biology, drug development, and the modulation of epigenetic regulators. -
NF-κB p65 Inhibitor, Apoptosis Inducer
N-Desmethyldauricine is an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 with significant apoptotic effects. It effectively reduces p65 protein expression, induces apoptosis, and arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, N-Desmethyldauricine attenuates intercellular adhesion and inhibits the growth of 3D spheroids derived from triple-negative breast cancer. This compound is useful for research involving triple-negative breast cancer dynamics and therapeutic strategies. -
FLT3/HDAC Inhibitor
FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 is a dual inhibitor targeting FLT3 and HDAC, with a potent inhibitory effect on FLT3 (IC50 = 14 nM) and HDAC isoforms, including HDAC1 (IC50 = 27 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 = 20 nM). This compound demonstrates selective inhibition, exhibiting reduced activity against HDAC8 and no activity toward HDAC4. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 has shown anti-proliferative effects across various hematological malignancy cell lines and demonstrates efficacy in the Jeko-1 xenograft model without significant toxicity. It is suitable for research focused on hematological malignancies and the role of dual inhibition in therapeutic strategies. -
HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-81 is a potent HDAC1 inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 4.5 nM. This compound exhibits significant anti-cancer activity by effectively inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. It serves as a valuable tool for research applications in cancer biology and epigenetic regulation. -
HDAC Inhibitor
Valproic acid magnesium is an orally active histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that exhibits an IC50 range of 0.5 to 2 mM, specifically inhibiting HDAC1 with an IC50 of 400 μM while promoting the proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. This compound activates Notch1 signaling and demonstrates anti-proliferative effects in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid magnesium has diverse therapeutic applications, including the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic diseases, HIV infection, and the prevention of migraine headaches. -
Anti-leukemic Compound
(E/Z)-Sinigrin free base is an orally active aliphatic thioglucoside exhibiting anti-leukemic properties. It is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to produce allyl isothiocyanate, which demonstrates an IC50 of 2.71 μM against HL60 leukemia cells. The hydrolysis products also activate apoptosis pathways, inhibit NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and stimulate phase II metabolic enzyme activity, showing potential in cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory research, and infectious disease studies. This compound can be naturally sourced from Brassica nigra, Brassica juncea, and other Brassicaceae plants. -
HDAC Inhibitor
Nanatinostat TFA is a potent, orally active inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), with IC50 values of 3 nM, 4 nM, and 7 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It demonstrates reduced activity against HDAC5 and HDAC6, with IC50 values of 200 nM and 2100 nM, respectively. Nanatinostat TFA effectively induces apoptosis in myeloma cells and exhibits significant anticancer properties against various malignancies, including advanced solid tumors and colorectal cancer. Its selective inhibition of HDACs positions it as a valuable compound for cancer research and therapeutic development. -
PI3K/HDAC Inhibitor
Fimepinostat mesylate is a potent dual inhibitor targeting class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). It exhibits IC50 values of 19 nM for PI3Kα, 54 nM for PI3Kβ, 39 nM for PI3Kδ, and 1.7 nM for HDAC1, 5.0 nM for HDAC2, 1.8 nM for HDAC3, and 2.8 nM for HDAC10. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on cancer biology, epigenetic regulation, and cellular signaling pathways. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent/Anticancer Agent
Cryptolepine is a multi-potent alkaloid that serves as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. It functions primarily as an inhibitor of c-Myc, mTOR, NF-κB, HIF-1, and MAPK while activating AMPKα1/2, leading to various biological effects including DNA intercalation and inhibition of topoisomerase II. These activities result in disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Cryptolepine shows promise in research applications focusing on tumors such as melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as in studies related to malaria, inflammatory diseases, and diabetes. -
Apoptosis Inducer
Sanguinarine (gluconate) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that functions as an apoptosis inducer. It promotes apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is linked to the activation of key signaling pathways, including JNK and NF-κB. This compound is utilized in research exploring mechanisms of apoptosis and oxidative stress responses in various cell types. -
HDAC Inhibitor
MC2625 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, specifically targeting HDAC3 and HDAC6 with IC50 values of 80 nM and 11 nM, respectively. This compound effectively increases levels of acetylated histone H3 and acetylated tubulin, promoting apoptosis in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and inhibiting their growth. MC2625 serves as a valuable tool for research focused on cancer therapeutics and the role of epigenetics in tumor biology. -
HDAC Inhibitor, Topoisomerase I Inhibitor
WJ35435 is a dual-target HDAC and topoisomerase I inhibitor that exerts anticancer activity by inducing DNA damage and promoting cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 phases, ultimately leading to apoptosis. This compound enhances histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation, along with α-tubulin acetylation and the formation of γ-H2AX, thereby effectively demonstrating its anti-HDAC properties. WJ35435 holds potential for advancing research in cancer therapeutics. -
Superoxide Radical Scavenger
Opc 14117 is an orally active superoxide radical scavenger that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. It inhibits oxidative stress cascades, leading to a significant reduction in tissue osmotic pressure and alleviation of brain edema in contusion models. Additionally, Opc 14117 blocks the NF-κB-dependent apoptotic pathway in striatal neurons exposed to Quinolinic acid, reducing necrotic volume, protecting hippocampal CA3 neurons, and restoring cognitive function. This compound is useful for studying secondary brain injury and enhancing neurological prognosis. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin A1 is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, functioning through the modulation of inflammatory pathways. It has been shown to induce apoptosis and effectively inhibit TNF-α-induced upregulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, thereby preventing monocyte arrest. This compound is valuable for research in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and apoptosis studies. -
HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-46 is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.21 μM for HDAC1 and 0.021 μM for HDAC6. In MDA-MB-231 cells, HDAC-IN-46 promotes the upregulation of phosphorylated p38 while downregulating Bcl-xL and cyclin D1, leading to significant G2 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This compound is valuable for research focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Declopramide is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that exerts antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. It has demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation of HL60 and K562 cell lines, as well as reducing tumor growth in a mouse model of human brain astrocytoma (T24). Additionally, Declopramide functions as a chemosensitizer, making it a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic strategies in cancer research. -
HDAC Inhibitor
HDAC-IN-57 is a potent orally active inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.07 nM for HDAC1, 4.71 nM for HDAC2, 2.4 nM for HDAC6, and 107 nM for HDAC8. In addition, HDAC-IN-57 inhibits lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with an IC50 of 1.34 µM. This compound induces apoptosis and demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic development targeting epigenetic regulation. -
Anti-Inflammatory Agent
2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the hydrophobic pocket of MD2, effectively inhibiting the dimerization of TLR4. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by suppressing LPS-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and attenuating the inflammatory response through downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including MyD88, p-IRAK4, and NF-κB. Additionally, 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone serves as an effective UV absorber, enhancing its utility in research on oxidative stress and inflammation. -
μ Opioid Receptor Antagonist
β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride is a selective and irreversible antagonist of the μ opioid receptor. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties by reducing TLR4 signaling, inhibiting cytokine-induced iNOS activation and neuroinflammation, and mitigating neuronal degeneration. Additionally, β-funaltrexamine hydrochloride inhibits NF-κB signaling and chemokine expression in human astrocytes and murine models. It is a valuable tool for research related to neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke. -
Methoxyflavone
6-Methoxyflavone is a methoxyflavone compound that primarily targets neuroinflammation pathways. It effectively suppresses neuroinflammation in microglia by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling cascade and activating HO-1/NQO-1 pathways. Additionally, 6-Methoxyflavone induces S-phase cell cycle arrest through the CCNA2/CDK2/p21CIP1 mechanism in HeLa cells. Its diverse biological activities make it valuable for research focused on cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders. -
TLR4/NF-κB Inhibitor
TLR4/NF-κB-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory properties. This compound exhibits the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for studies involving neuroinflammation. In murine models, TLR4/NF-κB-IN-1 effectively reduces acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) while downregulating the expression of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and phosphorylated IκB-α proteins, providing a valuable tool for researching neuroinflammatory processes and their therapeutic modulation. -
TLR8 Antagonist
TLR8 antagonist-1 is a selective antagonist targeting Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). It effectively inhibits TLR8-mediated inflammatory responses and associated signaling pathways, including the recruitment of MyD88 and the activation of NF-κB and IRF pathways. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and immune response modulation. -
TLR2 Agonist
Pam2Cys is a TLR2 agonist that acts as an immunostimulant by binding to TLR2, activating dendritic cells, and initiating the TLR2-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound promotes dendritic cell maturation through the upregulation of MHC II molecules, enhances innate immune signaling, and drives pro-inflammatory responses, including the release of IL-12 and other cytokines. Additionally, Pam2Cys serves as a lipid moiety in synthetic lipopeptide vaccines, boosting immunogenicity, while selectively inducing pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. Research applications include studies on tuberculosis and influenza A virus infections, as it effectively recruits immune cells and mitigates infection-related symptoms without compromising adaptive immunity. -
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Inhibitor
SjDX5-271 is a small peptide inhibitor targeting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. It is known to induce cell polarization and mitigate hepatic inflammation, demonstrating protective effects against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse models. This compound is valuable for research in immunology and liver-related inflammation studies. -
Anti-Inflammatory Agent
4-Methoxylonchocarpin is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This compound effectively inhibits the binding of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to TLR4, leading to the suppression of NF-κB activation and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. Additionally, 4-Methoxylonchocarpin reduces the phosphorylation of TGF-beta activated kinase 1 and mitigates the expression of IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mouse model, demonstrating its potential in anti-inflammatory research applications. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Chlojaponilactone B is a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound functions by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. Consequently, it reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Chlojaponilactone B is a valuable tool for research into inflammation and related pathways. -
TLR7/TLR9 Inhibitor
ODN 24888 is a guanine-modified inhibitory oligonucleotide (INH-ODN) that specifically targets TLR7 and TLR9 signaling pathways. It effectively inhibits interferon-alpha (IFN-α) secretion and NF-κB activation, while also reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. ODN 24888 is valuable for studying immune and inflammatory responses and can be utilized as a vaccine adjuvant in various research applications. -
TLR Inhibitor
TIC10g is a dual inhibitor of toll-like receptors 7 and 9 (TLR7 and TLR9). It effectively decreases TNF-α release in mouse macrophages and human B lymphocytes, with IC50 values of 14.5 μM and 6.5 μM for TLR7, and 7.69 μM and 11.5 μM for TLR9, respectively. TIC10g also inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, demonstrating potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. -
TLR4 Signaling Inhibitor
NCI126224 is a TLR4 signaling inhibitor that modulates immune responses by suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of key inflammatory mediators, including NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide. This compound demonstrates biological activity in the low nanomolar to low micromolar range, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases and their mechanisms. Its ability to interfere with TLR4 signaling pathways positions NCI126224 as a significant reagent for exploring potential therapeutic strategies in inflammation-related studies. -
TLR4/NF-kB/MAPK Inhibitor
TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 is an inhibitor targeting the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. It exhibits significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity by suppressing the activation of these pathways, leading to reduced inflammatory responses. This compound is particularly useful for research applications focusing on neuroinflammation and related neurodegenerative diseases. -
TLR4/NF-κB Inhibitor
Ligusticum cycloprolactam is a potent TLR4/NF-κB inhibitor with significant anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to alleviate renal injury by effectively disrupting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models. In studies, Ligusticum cycloprolactam reduces serum uric acid levels, diminishes tubular damage, and decreases inflammatory infiltration and interstitial collagen deposition, leading to improved renal function. This compound serves as a valuable reagent for research into hyperuricemic nephropathy. -
TLR1/2 Agonist
SMU-C409 is a Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist, exhibiting an EC50 of 65 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 cells. It activates the TLR1/2–MyD88–NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, which promotes robust immune cell activation. With low toxicity observed in vitro, SMU-C409 serves as a valuable tool for cancer immunotherapy research. -
TLR1/2 Heterodimer Agonist
SMU-C68 is a selective small-molecule agonist of the TLR1/2 heterodimer, with an EC50 value of 0.009 μM. It effectively activates the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. This compound is a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms of inflammation and cancer biology in research applications. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
NF-κB-IN-14 is an NF-κB inhibitor that effectively modulates inflammatory responses by significantly inhibiting nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, with an IC50 of 6.4 μM. This compound disrupts the TLR4-MyD88 protein interaction, leading to the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, NF-κB-IN-14 has demonstrated efficacy in reducing ear edema and inflammation in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis, highlighting its potential utility in inflammatory research. -
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligand
Ste2Cys is a diacylglycerol cysteine-type lipid molecule that serves as a ligand for Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). It activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of MHC II class molecules on the surface of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. This compound is valuable for research into the development of immunologic vaccines and enhancing immune responses. -
TLR2 Agonist
TLR2 Agonist 1 is a highly potent agonist for human toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), exhibiting an EC50 of 116 pM. It activates NF-κB promoter activity through TLR2/TLR1 heterodimerization, making it a valuable tool for studying TLR-mediated immune responses. This compound is applicable in research focused on inflammation, innate immunity, and potential therapeutic strategies involving TLR pathways.
