Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
-
MyD88 Inhibitor
LM9 is a selective inhibitor of MyD88, a key adaptor protein in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. By blocking the binding of TLR4 to MyD88, LM9 disrupts MyD88 homodimer formation and subsequent activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects, mitigating atherosclerosis and fibrosis in models of obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. LM9 is valuable for research focused on understanding the mechanisms of inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiovascular diseases. -
μ Opioid Receptor Antagonist
β-Funaltrexamine (β-FNA) is an irreversible and selective antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties by modulating TLR4 signaling, inhibiting cytokine-induced iNOS activation, and reducing neuroinflammation. Additionally, β-FNA influences NF-κB signaling and chemokine expression in human astrocytes and murine models. It is an important tool for research into neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke. -
Steroidal Alkaloid Glycoside
Esculeoside A is a spirosolane-type steroidal alkaloid glycoside that primarily targets NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways. This compound exhibits significant cardioprotective and hypoglycemic properties, regulating glucose metabolism and modulating lipid profiles. Research applications include the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy, type 2 diabetes, atopic dermatitis, tumors, and atherosclerotic diseases. Additionally, Esculeoside A inhibits dendritic cell maturation and T-cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-tumor activity against breast cancer and melanoma cells. -
TLR4/JNK/NF-κB Inhibitor
TLR4-IN-2 is an inhibitor targeting TLR4, JNK, and NF-κB pathways. It demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by reducing nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with an IC50 of 23.2 µM. By inhibiting TLR4 expression and diminishing JNK phosphorylation, TLR4-IN-2 effectively suppresses NF-κB activation and the transcription of inflammation-related genes, leading to lower levels of iNOS, COX-2, and various inflammatory mediators. This compound shows potential for investigating therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Ergolide is a selective NF-κB/p65 and NLRP3 inhibitor that effectively disrupts the NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65. By irreversibly binding to the NACHT domain of NLRP3, Ergolie suppresses inflammasome assembly, significantly reducing the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2. This compound promotes apoptosis in cancer cells, induces autophagy, and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergolide also enhances the therapeutic efficacy of vincristine and has been shown to alleviate acute lung injury in models of sepsis and inflammation, contributing to research in metastatic uveal melanoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Dihydromyristicin is a plant-derived flavonoid known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects. It exerts its biological activity by attenuating endotoxic inflammation through the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound is valuable in research applications focusing on inflammation-related studies and potential therapeutic interventions. -
NF-κB/PON1 Pathway Inhibitor
NF-κB/PON1-IN-1 is an NF-κB/PON1 pathway inhibitor that exhibits pronounced antioxidant properties with an IC50 of 45.76 µM. This compound demonstrates hepatoprotective activity, making it valuable for research focused on inflammation and oxidative stress. Its mechanism of action positions it as a potential therapeutic tool in studies investigating liver-related diseases and cellular protection. -
Antioxidant Agent
N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 is a dimeric form of N-acetyldopamine that serves as an effective antioxidant agent. It demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), as well as reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. This compound is valuable for research in oxidative stress and inflammation-related studies. -
Antitumor Agent
IKKβ-IN-6 is an antitumor agent that primarily targets IKKβ (IC50: 18.24 μM), effectively inhibiting its activity. This inhibition leads to reduced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, obstructing the nuclear translocation of p65 and modulating NF-κB-controlled gene expression. Additionally, IKKβ-IN-6 interacts with topoisomerase I, resulting in DNA damage, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and S-phase cell cycle arrest. This compound is particularly relevant for research focused on colorectal cancer. -
Apoptosis Inducer
Artocarpin is a potent apoptosis inducer that targets various signaling molecules, including NF-κB, Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt kinases. It stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates both p53-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways, resulting in G1-phase cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death. Artocarpin displays significant cytotoxic and bactericidal effects against cancer cells, reduces bacterial burden, and possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-angiogenic properties, making it valuable for cancer and inflammatory research applications. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Zaluzanin C is a sesquiterpene lactone that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a reduction in TNF-α levels. Additionally, Zaluzanin C has been shown to prevent the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes, making it a valuable reagent for research in inflammation and adipogenesis. -
RANKL Inhibitor
RANKL-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of RANKL, exhibiting Kd values of 3.21 μM and 4.625 μM in surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis assays, respectively. By binding to RANKL, it disrupts the RANKL-RANK interaction, thereby suppressing osteoclastogenesis through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. RANKL-IN-2 demonstrates efficacy in preventing RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins in vitro. Additionally, RANKL-IN-2 has shown potential in preventing bone loss in ovariectomized mouse models, making it a valuable tool for osteoporosis research. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
8-Deoxylactucin is an orally active sesquiterpene lactone that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages, with an IC50 of 4.35 μM. It exerts its effects primarily by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, 8-Deoxylactucin has demonstrated hepatoprotective properties in a murine model of acute hepatitis induced by LPS and D-galactosamine. This compound is valuable for research on inflammatory diseases and liver injury mechanisms. -
BChE Inhibitor
Pteryxin is a potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor (IC50 = 12.96 μg/mL) with additional multi-target mechanisms including inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and modulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathways. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities. Pteryxin is suitable for research applications related to inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. -
PC Inhibitor
Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate is a potent pyruvate carboxylase (PC) inhibitor, exhibiting a Kd value of 10.1 μM against human PC. This compound influences cellular pathways through the PC/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis, demonstrating significant efficacy in alleviating symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in murine models. Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate serves as a useful tool in colitis-related research and studies focusing on the modulation of inflammatory pathways. -
NLRP3 Inhibitor
Yadanzigan is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor that exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing Reactive Oxygen Species production. This compound has been shown to mitigate LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in murine models, highlighting its potential for research in inflammation-related conditions. Its mechanism of action positions Yadanzigan as a valuable tool for studying NLRP3-related pathways and their roles in various pathological processes. -
NOD1 Agonist
iE-DAP is a potent NOD1 agonist that activates the NOD1 receptor, leading to the stimulation of the NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathways. This results in enhanced cellular inflammatory responses and disruption of tight junction integrity, as evidenced by the downregulation of ZO-1 and Occludin gene expression. In term human trophoblast cell cultures, iE-DAP promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, GRO-α, MCP-1, IL-8, and MIP-1β. It is particularly relevant for research focused on mastitis and preterm birth, as it has been shown to induce fetal inflammation and impact fetal body weight in pregnant murine models. -
Sodium Channel Inhibitor
Articaine is a selective inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels, including rNav1.4, hNav1.7, and rNav1.8, demonstrating an IC50 of 15.8 μM for open-state Na+ channels. It effectively blocks Na+ influx, leading to local anesthetic effects and interruption of nerve impulse conduction. Additionally, Articaine exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. This compound is valuable for research in dental anesthesia and inflammatory-related conditions, such as acute kidney injury. -
NLRP3 Inhibitor
NLRP3-IN-69 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, targeting the activation of NF-κB p65. This compound effectively reduces LPS-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, as well as iNOS and COX-2, while inhibiting nitric oxide generation with an IC50 of 5.66 μM. NLRP3-IN-69 serves as a valuable tool in research focused on inflammatory diseases and the modulation of the immune response. -
COX-2/NLRP3 Inhibitor
COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor targeting both COX-2 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, with an IC50 of 1.53 μM for COX-2. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory properties by disrupting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases. It is suitable for studying the roles of COX-2 and NLRP3 in various biological processes and therapeutic interventions. -
NOD1/NOD2 Antagonist
NOD1/2 antagonist-2 is a dual antagonist of NOD1 and NOD2, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.36 μM and 4.16 μM, respectively. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways, enhancing the efficacy of Paclitaxel in suppressing the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma. It is a valuable tool for investigating the roles of NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammation and cancer research. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
1-Caffeoylquinic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB, demonstrating a significant binding affinity to the RH domain of p105 with a Ki value of 0.007 μM. This compound exhibits notable anti-oxidative stress properties and serves as an inhibitor for the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Its biological activities make it valuable for research applications in inflammation, immunity, and cancer studies. -
T-cell Activator
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M) is a potent T-cell activator derived from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. This lectin stimulates the proliferation of human mononuclear leukocytes, leading to the upregulation of ChAT mRNA and enhancing acetylcholine synthesis. Additionally, Phytohemagglutinin exerts dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, resulting in altered cellular morphology, organelle dysfunction, and increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as NF-κB, COX2, and IL-1β. It is valuable for research applications related to immunology and cell signaling pathways. -
Natural Product
Sesame Oil is a natural product derived from the seeds of Sesamum indicum L. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including the ability to reduce NF-κB, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, IL-1β, IL-4, and nitric oxide levels. Sesame Oil demonstrates antitumor activity against malignant melanoma and provides protective effects against liver damage induced by agents such as Cisplatin and Acetaminophen. Additionally, it possesses notable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable reagent for various research applications. -
NF-KB Activator
Fibrinogen (Bovine) is a glycoprotein that serves as a potent NF-κB activator, exhibiting selective proteolytic properties when activated by thrombin to form fibrin clots. It plays a critical role in regulating NF-κB activation in endothelial cells and enhances the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, including MCP-1. Fibrinogen is essential for understanding blood coagulation processes, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and the pathological aspects of venous graft development, making it valuable for research in vascular diseases. -
CHI3L1 Inhibitor
K284-6111 is a potent inhibitor of CHI3L1, demonstrating high affinity and oral bioavailability. It effectively suppresses CHI3L1 expression and disrupts key signaling pathways, including ERK and NF-κB, leading to reduced nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 as well as decreased phosphorylation of IκB. K284-6111 shows promise in alleviating memory dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease by mitigating amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation. Additionally, it exhibits therapeutic potential in reducing atopic-like skin inflammation and protecting against LPS-induced liver injury. This compound is suitable for research into neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory conditions. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Militarine is an anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets the NF-κB signaling pathway. It demonstrates significant biological activity by alleviating PM2.5-induced inflammatory injury and inhibiting cell migration in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Additionally, Militarine functions as a plant growth inhibitor, affecting the elongation of radicles and hypocotyls in various plant species. This compound is suitable for research applications related to PM2.5-induced pulmonary diseases and plant physiology studies. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Valencene is a sesquiterpene that functions as an NF-κB inhibitor. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antioxidant activities by inhibiting the expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, Valencene effectively reduces the production of IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, Valencene has demonstrated potential in alleviating symptoms of atopic dermatitis and restoring filaggrin expression in a DNCB-sensitized mouse model. -
Antioxidant
[10]-Shogaol is a potent orally active antioxidant, primarily targeting pro-inflammatory pathways. Derived from ginger (Zingiber officinale), it inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 7.5 μM, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, and suppressing NF-κB phosphorylation. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, particularly against Docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, [10]-Shogaol demonstrates larvicidal efficacy against L5 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, making it useful for diverse biological research applications. -
Metabolite Of Oroxylin A
Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide is a flavonoid glucuronide derivative and metabolite of Oroxylin A, primarily known for its prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. This compound demonstrates the ability to inhibit the JNK signaling pathway, upregulate PPARγ, and prevent nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, leading to reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide exhibits promising anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and inflammatory disease studies. -
Flavonoid
Saponarin is a flavonoid compound that functions primarily as an inhibitor of ERK/p38, NF-κB, and MAPK phosphorylation while activating AMPK. It exhibits significant biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive effects. Additionally, Saponarin has been shown to reduce IL-1β and COX-2 levels, making it relevant for research applications related to inflammation and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, this compound has demonstrated potential in addressing sleep disorders. -
Anti-neuroinflammatory Agent
Murrayafoline A is a carbazole alkaloid that functions as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent by directly targeting Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This compound induces G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest in PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes the degradation of β-catenin, thereby attenuating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, Murrayafoline A enhances contractility in rat ventricular myocytes and activates L-type calcium currents through protein kinase C activation. Researchers can utilize Murrayafoline A to investigate inflammation, vascular complications, and colon cancer. -
IL8 Regulator
Linoleate sodium is an orally active regulator of interleukin-8 (IL-8) that targets the JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound modulates fatty acid composition and alters metabolite production in cells, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. Linoleate sodium has also demonstrated effects on tumor cell proliferation, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and cancer biology. -
PXR Agonist
FKK6 is a selective agonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) with an EC50 value of 1.2 µM. This compound demonstrates strong binding affinity to plasma proteins and favorable metabolic stability in human microsomes. FKK6 effectively inhibits the PXR-related NF-κB signaling pathway, reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and displays anti-inflammatory properties in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, making it a valuable tool for studies in inflammation and drug metabolism. -
Anti-Inflammatory Compound
12-Oxo phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from plant lipids. It effectively suppresses neuroinflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (Nf-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated cells. This compound is valuable for research related to neurodegenerative diseases, enabling the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory responses. -
Anti-IL-17C Antibody
MOR-106 is a humanized anti-IL-17C IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17C, a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses. By binding specifically to IL-17C, MOR-106 inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating an IC50 of 59 pM for human IL-17C and 55 pM for mouse IL-17C. This reagent effectively reduces skin inflammation and associated inflammatory factors in preclinical models of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory skin disorders. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Arvelexin is an anti-inflammatory agent that primarily acts by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Isolated from Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae), Arvelexin also downregulates the expression of IL-8, making it a valuable compound for research into colonic inflammation. This compound is of interest for studies focused on inflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Dimethyl diacetyl cystinate (DACDM) is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that modulates inflammation by shifting the intracellular redox balance towards an oxidized state. This compound increases the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and competes with activated NF-κB for binding sites on DNA, thus inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1κ. DACDM is a valuable reagent for studies related to UVB-induced skin inflammation and various oxidative stress-related diseases. -
Oxidative Stress Modulator/Anti-inflammatory Agent
Guluronic acid is an oxidative stress modulator and anti-inflammatory agent. It functions by down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes such as TLR4, NF-κB, and iNOS, while inhibiting COX-2, MMPs, and VEGF activity. This compound promotes the up-regulation of immunoregulatory genes including SHIP1 and SOCS1, thereby mitigating cancer-related inflammation, tumor angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and metastasis, while decreasing immunosuppressive cell accumulation. Guluronic acid has demonstrated potential in extending survival times in tumor-bearing hosts within a non-cytotoxic concentration range and has applications in research related to multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, breast cancer, and other inflammatory diseases. -
Anticancer Agent
TU-100 is a novel anticancer agent derived from Japanese herbal medicine. It exhibits significant anti-cancer effects by modulating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). TU-100 effectively antagonizes the M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to the downregulation of key proteins such as MMP-2, COX-2, and VEGF in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This compound is valuable for research into cancer therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment and immune modulation. -
Anticancer Agent
Emodic acid is an anthraquinone compound that primarily targets and inhibits the activity of NF-κB, demonstrating significant anticancer properties. It effectively reduces the proliferation of cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of key proteins such as p38, ERK, and JNK. Additionally, Emodic acid suppresses the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby limiting the invasion and migration potential of cancer cells. This compound is valuable for research applications in cancer biology and therapeutic development. -
Akr1B1 Inhibitor
β-Glucogallin is a selective inhibitor of aldose reductase (AKR1B1), exhibiting an IC50 value of 58 μM with glyceraldehyde as the substrate. This compound displays significant antioxidant properties, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influencing key pathways involving PDGF, RAGE, and NF-κB. Additionally, β-Glucogallin enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and demonstrates hepatoprotective effects. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research in retinal studies and related fields. -
Immune System Activator
Neopterin is an immune system activator derived from GTP and is produced by activated macrophages. It exhibits significant biological activity by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and promoting PPAR-γ expression, which helps mitigate vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Neopterin is useful for research applications focused on cardiovascular diseases, inflammation-related disorders, and tumor immunomonitoring. -
HIPK2 Inhibitor
XRF-1021 is an orally active inhibitor of Homer-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), with an IC50 value of 0.18 μM. It effectively decreases the expression of fibrotic markers such as Fibronectin, Collagen I, and α-SMA in TGF-β1 stimulated renal cell lines, including NRK-49F and HK-2. XRF-1021 further inhibits key signaling pathways including TGF-β, NF-κB, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch. This compound demonstrates potential in reducing renal injury and fibrosis in vivo, making it a valuable tool for research on chronic kidney disease. -
Hormone disruptors
4-Octylphenol is a known hormone disruptor that primarily targets male reproductive cells, significantly lowering the mitotic index and reducing the population of spermatogonia. Its biological activity includes inducing inflammatory damage in fish gills by activating the complement system through the C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 pathways, resulting in immune suppression and inflammatory damage. This agent also engages the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR)/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, highlighting its relevance in studies concerning endocrine disruption and aquatic toxicology. -
Serine Protease
Chymotrypsin, a serine protease, primarily inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which downregulates the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6. Key biological activities include anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor metastasis effects, making it valuable in research related to rheumatoid arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and melanoma metastasis. Additionally, Chymotrypsin can reduce tumor cell adhesion molecule expression and has applications in studies involving inflammation and edema. -
LPS Peptide Mimic
RS 09 is an LPS peptide mimic that acts as an agonist for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). By binding to TLR4, RS 09 activates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is crucial for mediating immune responses. This compound is valuable in research focused on enhancing antigen-specific immune responses and studying TLR4-related signaling pathways in various in vivo models. -
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Inhibitor
Okanin is a potent Toll-like Receptor (TLR) inhibitor derived from the flowering plant Coreopsis tinctoria. It exhibits significant biological activity by attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation via the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound is useful for research applications focusing on neuroinflammation and the modulation of immune responses in microglial cells. -
TLR8 Agonist
CL075 is a selective TLR8 agonist that activates the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs). This compound enhances NF-κB and IRF7 activation, contributing to immune modulation. It is primarily used in research applications focused on inflammation and immune response mechanisms. -
Flavonoid
Pongamol is a flavonoid that targets PTPase-1B and intestinal α-Glycosidase with an IC50 of 75 μM and 103.5 μM, respectively. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the release of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α while also reversing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Additionally, Pongamol promotes glucose uptake through GLUT4 upregulation, inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the FAK/Akt-mTOR pathway, and demonstrates neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease by alleviating oxidative stress and restoring autophagy. Pongamol is valuable for research applications in Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-small cell lung cancer.
