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Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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TNF-α Inhibitor
TNF-α-IN-11 is a selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with a dissociation constant (KD) of 12.06 μM. This compound effectively binds to TNF-α, preventing the activation of downstream caspase and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and the subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. TNF-α-IN-11 is suitable for research into TNF-α-mediated autoimmune conditions and the associated inflammatory processes. -
COX Inhibitor
Aspirin lithium is a potent, orally active, irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. This compound promotes apoptosis and inhibits the activation of NF-κB, making it valuable for studies on inflammation and cell death. Additionally, Aspirin lithium effectively inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, providing potential protective effects against coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis. -
RIPK2 Inhibitor
RIPK2-IN-6 is a selective inhibitor of RIPK2, effectively blocking its phosphorylation and subsequently inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, demonstrated in Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis models in mice. RIPK2-IN-6 is valuable in research exploring therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. -
Cathepsin B Inhibitor
(Rac)-Z-FA-FMK is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B, exhibiting a Ki value of 1.5 μM. This compound also inhibits multiple caspases, specifically caspases 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9, with IC50 values ranging from 6.147 to 110.7 μM. Additionally, (Rac)-Z-FA-FMK demonstrates antiviral activity by inhibiting the main protease involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication with an IC50 of 11.39 μM. It further attenuates the increase in IL-1β levels induced by LPS and represses NF-κB transactivation in macrophages, making it useful for research in inflammation and viral pathogenesis. -
MDM2 Inhibitor
LQFM030 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of MDM2, primarily targeting the MDM2-p53 interaction to promote cellular apoptosis. It demonstrates concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in K562 cells with an IC50 value of 0.28 mM, inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and enhancing Caspase activity. LQFM030 also downregulates the expression of key oncogenes and proteins, including MDM2, MDMX, p73, MYC, and NF-κB. This compound is particularly valuable in cancer research, especially in the study of leukemia. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
GUT-70 is a tricyclic coumarin that functions as a potent Hsp90 inhibitor. It activates caspases 2, 3, 8, and 9, leading to apoptosis in leukemic cells. Additionally, GUT-70 effectively inhibits HIV-1 replication in chronically infected cells by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound is suitable for research applications involving leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and HIV-1 infection studies. -
Proteasome Inhibitor
TP-110 is a selective proteasome inhibitor that targets the protease-like activity of the 20S proteasome, leaving trypsin-like and peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolysis activities unaffected. This compound effectively disrupts the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, and subsequent PARP cleavage, while decreasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins cIAP-1 and XIAP. TP-110 induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for researching various malignancies, including prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. -
NLRP3 Inhibitor
Tabersonine is a selective and orally active inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, targeting the NACHT domain to modulate its ATPase activity and prevent oligomerization. This mechanism effectively inhibits ASC speck formation and blocks caspase-1 activation, leading to reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. Additionally, Tabersonine interferes with K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, disrupting NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. It is primarily utilized in research on NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as acute lung injury, sepsis, and peritonitis, as well as in studies related to liver cancer. -
TNFα inhibitor
Aloeresin G is a chromone glycoside derived from Aloe, demonstrating inhibitory activity against TNFα. It attenuates TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, exhibiting an IC50 value of 40.02 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on inflammatory pathways and the modulation of immune responses. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline sodium acetate functions as a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, specifically targeting PDE3 to promote the relaxation of airway smooth muscle. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties by elevating IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline sodium acetate is known to induce apoptosis, making it a valuable reagent for research on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
NF-κB Inhibitor
CAY10512 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that effectively suppresses the upregulation of NF-κB-sensitive proinflammatory microRNAs, including miRNA-9, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-155, in cerebrospinal fluid and extracellular environments. This compound significantly reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6. CAY10512 is valuable for research applications focused on neuroinflammation, islet transplantation, and the regulation of microRNA. -
COX-1/2 Inhibitor
Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid that functions as a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. This compound inhibits the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in macrophages, leading to decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Additionally, Cudraflavone B induces the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while activating MAPK signaling pathways, including p38 and ERK, and upregulating SIRT1 expression. These mechanisms contribute to its efficacy in attenuating the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. -
sEH Inhibitor
sEH-IN-21 is a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), displaying IC50 values of 0.1 nM for both human and mouse sEH isoforms. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB signaling pathways and demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Additionally, sEH-IN-21 helps maintain intestinal barrier integrity, making it a valuable tool for research on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related inflammatory conditions. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Panaxytriol is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that effectively reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. This mechanism leads to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as nitric oxide in response to LPS stimulation. Additionally, Panaxytriol promotes the upregulation of CYP3A4 through activation of the nuclear receptors PXR and CAR. Its ability to improve motor dysfunction in mouse models of brain inflammation makes Panaxytriol valuable for research into neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. -
NO Release Inhibitor
Sabialimon P is a nitric oxide (NO) release inhibitor with an IC50 of 18.12 μM. This compound exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and the enzyme iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Additionally, Sabialimon P inhibits the expression of COX-2 and the NF-κB/p65 pathway, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammation-related pathways and potential therapeutic applications. -
pre-mRNA Splicing Inhibitor
Isoginkgetin is a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor that modulates splicing processes critical for gene expression. In addition to its primary function, Isoginkgetin inhibits the activities of the signaling proteins Akt and NF-κB, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This compound is known to inhibit the 20S proteasome, inducing apoptosis and activating autophagy, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and studies focused on cellular stress responses. -
COX Inhibitor
Oxaprozin is a potent, orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, demonstrating IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity and is known to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, promoting cell apoptosis. The inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway is a key mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory properties, making Oxaprozin valuable for research in inflammation and related disorders. -
Na+/K+-ATPase Inhibitor
Cryptanoside A is a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor derived from the stems of Cryptolepis dubia. This cardiac glycoside epoxide exhibits significant cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, Cryptanoside A enhances the expression of Akt and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, making it a valuable tool for studying cancer biology and the regulatory pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. -
Akt Inhibitor
5,4'-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-7-O-rhamnosyl flavone is a potent Akt inhibitor derived from Indigofera ovata. This compound effectively disrupts the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, leading to the inhibition of cancer cell invasion and migration. Its biological activity supports research applications in cancer therapeutics and molecular signaling studies. -
Akt Inhibitor
Ipatasertib tosylate is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of pan-Akt, exhibiting IC50 values of 5, 18, and 8 nM for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, respectively. By inhibiting Akt, Ipatasertib tosylate activates FoxO3a and NF-κB, resulting in p53-independent activation of PUMA and subsequent apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity in xenograft mouse models, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic development. -
p55PIK Inhibitor
TAT-N15 is a selective inhibitor of the p55PIK protein, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity and neuroprotective properties. This compound effectively suppresses the activation of key signaling pathways, including IL-6, IL-8, Akt, and NF-κB, while downregulating the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB. TAT-N15 is utilized in research exploring various conditions such as acute conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and stroke, making it a valuable tool for understanding and developing therapeutic strategies for these diseases. -
PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitor、MAPK Inhibitor、NF-κB Inhibitor
Calebin A is a potent inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, as well as MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. It exhibits significant anti-tumor activity through epigenetic regulation and can suppress apoptosis while inhibiting autophagy. Additionally, Calebin A modulates adipogenesis, enhances thermogenic processes, and supports gut microbiota. This compound is suitable for research in various domains, including osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and colorectal cancer. -
COX Inhibitor
Oxaprozin potassium is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, demonstrating IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2. It not only exhibits anti-inflammatory activity but also inhibits the activation of NF-κB, inducing cell apoptosis. The inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway is a key mechanism contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and related cellular processes. -
PLA₂ Inhibitor
MJ33 is a competitive inhibitor of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), specifically effective in inhibiting acidic PLA₂ activity. By blocking the PLA₂ activity of Prdx6, MJ33 significantly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby alleviating lung oxidative damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, MJ33 suppresses the invasive, migratory, and adhesive characteristics of prostate cancer cells through the downregulation of key signaling pathways, including MAPK, AKT, NF-κB, and AP-1. This reagent is ideal for research focused on ROS-related diseases and prostate cancer dynamics. -
Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitor
Eudebeiolide B is an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor derived from Salvia plebeia R. Br. It functions by modulating RANKL-induced signaling pathways, including NF-κB, c-Fos, and calcium signaling. This compound is valuable for research into osteoclast-related diseases, providing insight into potential therapeutic strategies for bone resorption disorders. -
COX-2 Inhibitor
Withangulatin A is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), demonstrating significant potential in the modulation of inflammatory and tumorigenic processes. This compound also interferes with the MAPK, NF-κB, and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways, thereby exhibiting notable antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, Withangulatin A has been shown to possess trypanocidal effects, making it useful for research in cancer, inflammation, and parasitic diseases. -
Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitor
Niloticin is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that serves as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor. It exhibits significant anti-viral, antioxidative, and mosquitocidal properties. By obstructing the RANKL-RANK interaction, Niloticin effectively suppresses the activation of key signaling pathways, including AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB, which are crucial in osteoclast differentiation and function. This compound is valuable for research focused on bone metabolism and related disorders. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid is an NF-κB inhibitor known for its ability to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes through the inhibition of Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound also induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, facilitates actin cytoskeleton organization, and promotes chromatin remodeling and neuronal differentiation in human neural stem cells. Additionally, 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid is valuable for research into aging-associated diseases. -
p38 MAPK Inhibitor
Licochalcone E is a flavonoid compound that functions as a p38 MAPK inhibitor. It effectively inhibits the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and AP-1 by disrupting AKT and MAPK activation pathways. This compound is valuable for research focused on inflammation, cancer, and signal transduction pathways, offering insights into cellular mechanisms influenced by MAPK signaling. -
Dopamine β-hydroxylase Inhibitor
Fusaric acid is a potent dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor that reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in various tissues, including the brain, heart, spleen, and adrenal glands. By inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, fusaric acid disrupts mitochondrial integrity and activates key apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, -8, and -9. Additionally, fusaric acid regulates pivotal apoptotic proteins, inhibits fibrosis-related signaling pathways including NF-κB and TGF-β1/SMADs, and mitigates collagen deposition. Its applications extend to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy research, as well as studies on esophageal and liver cancers. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
Bavachalcone is a bacterial inhibitor known for its multifaceted biological activities. It induces apoptosis and enhances autophagy in HepG2 cancer cells, contributing to its anticancer potential. Additionally, Bavachalcone demonstrates anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects through modulation of the NF-κB pathway. It also inhibits osteoclast differentiation by interfering with ERK and Akt signaling pathways, as well as the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, and shows a significant inhibitory effect on BACE-1 activity in vitro. -
HBV Inhibitor
Isoscopoletin, also known as 6-Hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin, primarily inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. It demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects against human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells and their multidrug-resistant subline, with IC50 values of 4.0 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively. Additionally, Isoscopoletin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT/AKT signaling pathways, making it a valuable compound for research in virology and cancer biology. -
AChE Inhibitor
MR2938 is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 5.04 μM. In addition to its enzymatic activity, MR2938 significantly reduces nitric oxide production, with an IC50 of 3.29 μM. This compound effectively mitigates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the MAPK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. MR2938 is applicable for research focused on Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline L-lysine is a soluble derivative of Theophylline that primarily acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. It effectively inhibits PDE3 activity, which leads to relaxation of airway smooth muscle and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through the enhancement of IL-10 levels and the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Additionally, Theophylline L-lysine induces apoptosis, making it a valuable compound for research applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
SHP2 Inhibitor
SHP2-IN-45 is a highly selective allosteric inhibitor of SHP2 with potent oral bioavailability. This compound effectively downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS, and inhibits the polarization of M1-type macrophages. Additionally, SHP2-IN-45 interferes with the NF-κB signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation-related conditions such as sepsis and acute lung injury. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
CKD-712 is a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative that functions as a potent NF-κB inhibitor. This compound selectively inhibits MMP-9 while leaving MMP-2 unaffected and downregulates the expression of key inflammatory and cell cycle proteins such as TNF-α, IL-6, cyclin A, cyclin B, and CDK-1. By blocking NF-κB activation and its translocation to the nucleus, CKD-712 reduces levels of inflammatory factors and pro-tumor proteins, leading to G2/M phase arrest in cancer cells and inhibiting cell invasion. It is suitable for investigating sepsis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and non-small cell lung cancer. -
Wnt/β-catenin/NF-κB/AP-1 Inhibitor
Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester is a natural triterpenoid saponin that functions as a Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and AP-1 inhibitor. It induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, this compound significantly decreases the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while downregulating iNOS and COX-2 levels. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester is valuable for research focused on colorectal cancer and inflammatory processes. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
N,N-Diethylacetamide is an NF-κB inhibitor that exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity. By inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, it effectively suppresses the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, all while leaving the MAPK pathway unaffected. This compound is valuable in research studies focused on inflammatory responses associated with conditions such as preterm birth. -
ADAM17 (TACE) Inhibitor
BMS-561392 is a selective inhibitor of ADAM17 (TACE), effectively modulating the secretion of TNF-α through the regulation of key signaling pathways, including p44 MAPK and NF-κB. This compound has been shown to influence the survival of central nervous system cells, such as oligodendrocytes and microglia, by promoting microglial apoptosis and exacerbating astrogliosis in mouse spinal cord injury models. BMS-561392 is valuable for research applications focused on spinal cord injury and inflammatory diseases. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with significant effects on airway smooth muscle relaxation. It acts primarily by inhibiting PDE3, which contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties through the upregulation of IL-10 and the inhibition of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline sodium glycinate has been shown to induce apoptosis. This reagent is valuable for research applications related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
PTEN/NF-κB Inhibitor
Coelonin is a dihydrophenanthrene that functions as a potent PTEN and NF-κB inhibitor. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting LPS-induced PTEN phosphorylation. Coelonin negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to decreased NF-κB activation and p27Kip1 degradation. Additionally, it promotes the stabilization of IκBα by inhibiting its phosphorylation and degradation, thereby increasing its expression. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation and related signaling pathways. -
CD40 Inhibitor
KGYY15 is a CD40-targeting peptide that specifically functions as a CD40 inhibitor, exhibiting a weak inhibition of the CD40-CD40L interaction with an IC50 of over 1 mM. At a concentration of 100 μM, KGYY15 can activate the NF-κB pathway by approximately 33%. This compound is valuable for research applications aimed at understanding the modulation of immune responses and investigating the role of CD40 signaling in various biological contexts. -
TNF-α Inhibitor
IA-14069 is an orally active inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), directly targeting TNF-α and interfering with TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways, including p-IκBα and NF-κB p65 activities. This compound demonstrates a suppressive effect on Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, making it valuable for research into inflammatory conditions. IA-14069 is particularly relevant for studies focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). -
ACE Inhibitor
Fosfenopril is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation through the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways in monocytes. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and the modulation of the immune response. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline monohydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor that primarily targets PDE3, promoting relaxation of airway smooth muscle. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Additionally, Theophylline monohydrate is known to induce apoptosis in certain cell types. It is widely utilized in research related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
CHIKV Virus Inhibitor
Ethyl palmitate, also known as Ethyl hexadecanoate, functions as a CHIKV virus inhibitor, exhibiting an EC50 value of 0.0068 μM. This compound has demonstrated the ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, along with downregulating NF-κB in endotoxemic rat models, indicating its potential for anti-inflammatory applications. Ethyl palmitate serves as a valuable tool for research in virology and inflammation-related studies. -
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor
Tanimilast is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that exhibits potent activity with an IC50 of 0.026 nM. By increasing intracellular cAMP levels, Tanimilast effectively disrupts the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to significant anti-inflammatory effects. This compound is particularly applicable in the study of obstructive lung diseases, making it a valuable tool for research in pulmonary health and related therapies. -
MMP Inhibitor
Ecliptasaponin A is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin that functions as a robust inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It demonstrates significant anti-tumor properties by activating the ASK1/JNK pathway, leading to apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells. Additionally, Ecliptasaponin A exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, impacting COX-2 and MMP-9 expression. Its chondroprotective effects are attributed to the downregulation of MMP13 and modulation of inflammatory factors, while it also promotes ovarian function by enhancing ESR1 receptor expression. -
Chloride Channel Inhibitor
Shikonin is a potent inhibitor of the TMEM16A chloride channel, exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.5 μM. This compound functions as a specific inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and also modulates inflammatory pathways by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB activation. In addition, Shikonin decreases exosome secretion by impairing glycolytic processes and effectively inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation. Its diverse activities make it a valuable reagent for investigating cellular signaling and inflammatory responses in research applications. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride is an orally active NF-κB inhibitor, primarily targeting inflammatory pathways induced by TNF-α. It effectively decreases IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, consequently enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and nitric oxide production. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6, while also regulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride serves as a valuable tool for researching chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, with potential applications in preventing vascular inflammation and promoting intestinal health.
