Peptides

RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides that selectively targets the mannose receptor CD206 on M2 polarized macrophages (Kd = 3.5 μM). Binding of RP-832c to CD206 induces significant conformational changes, activating signaling pathways that promote apoptosis and repolarization of M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. The treatment with RP-832c effectively reduces CD206 gene expression while transiently increasing TNF-α levels, a hallmark of M1 macrophages. This reagent is valuable for research on T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Defensin HNP-1 human is an antimicrobial peptide that primarily targets and modulates the immune response in human neutrophils. It exhibits significant antibacterial activity through the inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, thereby disrupting essential metabolic pathways. Additionally, Defensin HNP-1 demonstrates direct inactivation of various viruses, including HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, and influenza. It also possesses antileishmanial properties and plays a role in endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the early stages of atherosclerosis, making it a valuable tool for research in immunology and infectious diseases.

WP9QY is a bioactive peptide designed as a TNF-α antagonist. This cyclic peptide effectively mimics the essential recognition loop of tumor necrosis factor on TNF receptor I, thereby inhibiting TNF-receptor interactions. WP9QY serves as a valuable template for developing small molecular inhibitors aimed at mitigating inflammatory bone destruction and systemic bone loss associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Apicidin C is a cyclic tetrapeptide that primarily targets histone deacetylases (HDACs). It exhibits potent antiprotozoal and antimalarial activity against Eimeria tenella, with an IC50 of 6 nM. This compound is valuable for research into malaria infections and provides insights into HDAC inhibition mechanisms in protozoan parasites.

Azurin p28 peptide is an antitumor peptide that primarily targets and stabilizes the tumor suppressor protein p53. By forming a complex with p53, it reduces proteasomal degradation, leading to apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in p53-positive tumors. Additionally, Azurin p28 peptide exhibits antiangiogenic properties by inhibiting the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules, including VEGFR-2, FAK, and Akt, thereby impeding tumor growth and vascularization. This peptide is valuable in cancer research focusing on p53-mediated pathways and antiangiogenic strategies.

WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a cardiomyocyte-specific peptide designed to enhance targeted cellular delivery. This peptide facilitates improved uptake by cardiomyocytes, reduces apoptosis within these cells, and promotes enhanced retention of therapeutic agents following intramyocardial injection in vivo. It is a valuable reagent for research applications focusing on cardiac tissue engineering and myocardial protection strategies.

Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide that targets microbial membranes. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as various fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.3 to 40 µM. Thanatin functions by competitively displacing divalent cations from the bacterial outer membrane, resulting in membrane disruption and enhanced permeability. This peptide is valuable for research applications in antimicrobial resistance, infection mechanisms, and the development of novel antibacterial agents.

Magainin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide that targets bacterial membranes. Isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis, it displays significant antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This peptide serves as a valuable tool for research in antimicrobial mechanisms and can be utilized in studies assessing the efficacy of peptide-based antibiotics.

Temporin A is an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin of the European common frog, Rana temporaria. This peptide exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting microbial cell membranes, while demonstrating non-toxicity to erythrocytes at effective antimicrobial concentrations. Additionally, Temporin A possesses antifungal properties, notably against Candida albicans, making it a valuable reagent for research in antimicrobial peptide function and potential therapeutic applications.

Nisin Z is an antimicrobial peptide that primarily targets Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, including Candida albicans. It exhibits notable antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool for research into bacterial resistance and fungal infections. Nisin Z is utilized in various applications, including food preservation, therapeutic development, and studies on peptide-based antimicrobial strategies.

CH401 peptide is a HER2-derived antigen peptide that functions as a vaccine candidate for anti-breast cancer therapy. It is encapsulated within a lipid bilayer containing the lipid adjuvant α-GalCer, following binding to an artificial viral capsid via a self-assembled β-cyclic peptide. This innovative formulation allows for comprehensive investigations into its self-adjuvant properties and its potential in eliciting robust immune responses against HER2-expressing tumors.

EGFRvIII peptide (PEPvIII) is a tumor-specific mutation predominantly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and various other neoplasms, significantly contributing to enhanced tumorigenicity. This peptide serves as a valuable target for the development of antitumor immunotherapies, allowing for the potential targeting of cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. Its specific expression profile makes it a crucial tool for research into GBM and other malignancies.

ELAAWCRWGFLLALLPPGIAG is a peptide derived from the rat HER2/neu protein, comprising 21 amino acids (aa 5-25). It has been demonstrated to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice with HER2-positive tumors, making it a valuable tool for studying immune responses in cancer therapy. This peptide is particularly relevant for research applications focused on immunotherapy and the modulation of tumor-specific immune responses.

LARLLT is an EGFR-binding peptide that specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This compound exhibits potential in the research of cancers characterized by EGFR overexpression, including lung, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Its application in studies may facilitate insights into tumor biology and therapeutic interventions in EGFR-driven malignancies.

Herceptide is a HER2-targeting peptide that selectively binds to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This peptide can be conjugated with the near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG), facilitating the development of innovative theranostic agents. Its primary applications include targeted imaging and therapy for HER2-positive cancers, enhancing the precision of cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies.

Lys-Arg-Thr-Leu-Arg-Arg (KRTLRR) is a hexapeptide that serves as a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) derived from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This compound is instrumental in studying PKC activity, enabling researchers to elucidate its role in various signaling pathways. Research applications include assessing the enzymatic function of PKC and exploring its implications in cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation.

pp60v-src Autophosphorylation site is a synthetic peptide that mimics the autophosphorylation site of the pp60v-src protein. This peptide is utilized in biochemical studies to investigate the regulation of protein tyrosine kinases and their signaling pathways. It serves as a valuable tool in research focusing on cancer biology, cell signaling, and the mechanisms of oncogenesis.

HER2-targeted peptide H6F is designed to selectively bind to the HER2 receptor, making it a valuable tool for targeting breast cancer cells. Its amino acid sequence, YLFFVFER, allows for effective conjugation with the bifunctional chelating agent hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) for radiolabeling with 99mTc. Studies utilizing single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrate that the radiolabeled H6F peptide accumulates specifically in HER2-positive MDA-MBA-453 tumor-bearing mouse models. This peptide is applicable for tumor molecular imaging studies, aiding in the evaluation and monitoring of breast cancer.

HER2/neu (654-662) GP2 is a peptide derived from the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) that consists of nine amino acids. This specific peptide elicits HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, making it relevant for research involving immunotherapy and cancer treatment. Its application is particularly significant in the context of various epithelial cancers, facilitating the study of immune responses and potential therapeutic strategies.

Candidalysin is a cytolytic peptide toxin derived from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, primarily targeting epithelial cells. This peptide is known for its ability to activate the EGFR-MAPK signaling pathway, which leads to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and calcium influx, as well as modulation of the c-Fos transcription factor through p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. Candidalysin plays a critical role in both mucosal and systemic infections by stimulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, promoting inflammatory responses, neutrophil recruitment, and Th17 immunity. Additionally, it induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, resulting in membrane damage and cytotoxicity.

ErbB-2-binding peptide is a tumor-targeting peptide that specifically interacts with the ErbB-2 receptor (HER2). This peptide demonstrates significant potential in cancer research by aiding in the selective identification and targeting of HER2-positive tumors. Its unique binding properties make it a valuable tool for studies focused on tumor biology, therapeutic delivery, and the development of targeted cancer treatments.

Cys-GE11 is a cysteine-modified peptide that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This peptide can be conjugated via its thiol group, enabling the formation of targeted polymeric constructs to improve drug delivery efficacy. Cys-GE11 demonstrates enhanced enrichment of therapeutic agents at tumor sites, particularly in EGFR-overexpressing cells, such as SMMC-7721. Its utilization in research highlights its potential for applications in targeted cancer therapy with minimal toxicity.

Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2) (740-753) is a peptide derived from the TIF-2 coactivator, encompassing amino acid residues 740-753 of the TIF-2 protein. This 14-amino acid peptide plays a crucial role in the modulation of transcriptional activity by enhancing the interaction between transcription factors and the basal transcriptional machinery. It is commonly utilized in research applications focused on gene expression, transcriptional regulation, and cell signaling pathways.

Histone H4 peptide is a peptide that specifically interacts with hNatD, facilitating important polar interactions within cellular processes. This peptide is valuable for studying post-translational modifications and histone dynamics. It is particularly applicable in lung cancer research, aiding in the understanding of epigenetic regulation and potential therapeutic targets in oncology.

IRS1-derived peptide is a biological active peptide. (This is a peptide fragment (979-989) of the insulin receptor substrate-1 containing the sequence motif YMXM known to bind to the two domains of SH2 on the 85kDa subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.)

Irucalantide is kallikrein inhibitor.

Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) is a bioactive peptide with hormone-like actions in vertebrates, and can stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal hormones and regulate reproductive processes in mammals. Phoenixin-20 promotes neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis via CREB-PGC-1α pathway. Phoenixin-20 has anxiolytic effect.

Cyclo(RGDyC) is a cyclic pentapeptide with anti-angiogenic abilities. Cyclo(RGDyC) can be combined with liposome delivery systems for research on ocular neovascular diseases and cancer.

Bay 55-9837 is a potent and highly selective agonist of VPAC2, with a Kd of 0.65 nM. Bay 55-9837 may be a useful therapy for the research of type 2 diabetes.

3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine is a tyrosine derivative.

Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is a potent inhibitor of enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) (IC50=27 μg/mL). cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) inhibits the gene transcription of ICL in C. albicans under C2-carbon-utilizing conditions.

Dansyl-L-leucine is a leucine derivative.

Actinomycin X2 (Actinomycin V), produced by many Streptomyces sp., shows strong inhibition of MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.25 μg/mL. Actinomycin X2 can be used for cancer and bacterial infection.

H-VAL-VAL-OH is a dipeptide of the amino acid valine, an essential amino acid.

FR179642 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the echinocandin antifungal Micafungin. FR179642 is the cyclic peptide nucleus of the echinocandin-like antifungal lipopeptide FR901379.

Ala-Glu-OH is an agent of the dipeptide.

MMP-7-IN-2 (comp 16) is a selective MMP7 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 16 nM.

MMP-7-IN-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MMP-7. MMP-7-IN-3 suppresses kidney fibrosis progression in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction.

(R)-2-Amino-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetic acid is a Glycinederivative.

(S)-2-Amino-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethanoic acid is a Glycine derivative.

N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-D-tyrosine methyl ester is a tyrosine derivative.

Boc-D-norleucine (Boc-D-Nle-OH) is a leucine derivative that can be used for peptide synthesis.

Benzyl ethyl-L-valinate hydrochloride is a valine derivative.

Isopropyl ((R)-(perfluorophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)-L-alaninate can be used to synthesis Sofosbuvir to avoid the production of sofibuvir degradation impurities.

O-Methyl-D-valine (hydrochloride) is a valine derivative.

D-Phe-OMe monohydrochloride is a phenylalanine derivative.

Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-ANBA-IPA (tos-GPR-ANBA-IPA) acetate is a chromogenic peptide substrate. Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-ANBA-IPA acetate can be used for luminescence measurement.

Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 hydrochloride is a fatty acid modified polypeptide. Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 has good wrinkle-removing effect.

Histrelin acetate, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin acetate increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin acetate can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis.

(Arg)9 (Nona-L-arginine) TFA is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) made up of 9 arginine residues. (Arg)9 TFA has neuroprotective property, exhibits neuroprotective activity with an IC50 of 0.78 μM in the glutamic acid model.