Apoptosis related

L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor.

Didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside from citrus fruits, possesses antioxidant properties. Didymin induces apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma.

Rhapontin , a stibene-type glycoside distributed widely in medicinal plants of Rheum genus (Polygonaceae), has anti-inflammatory effect and anti-proliferative activity.

Falcarindiol (FAD, (3R,8S)-Falcarindiol, FaDOH) is a natural polyacetylene compound found rich in many plants of the Umbelliferae family. Falcarindiol suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Falcarindiol attenuates the LPS-induced activation of JNK, ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling molecules. Falnidamol is a pyrimido-pyrimidine compound with anti-cancer activity.

Pogostone is isolated from patchouli with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 ?g/ml . Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy.

Neobavaisoflavone, a flavonoid, is isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. Neobavaisoflavone exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation activities. Neobavaisoflavone inhibits DNA polymerase at moderate to high concentrations. Neobavaisoflavone also inhibits platelet aggregation.

Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of chemical compound.

Ginsenoside Rk1, one of the main elements of Sung Ginseng, has been confirmed as a new endothelial barrier enhancer recently and has anti-cancer activity.

Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities. Anticancer activities.

Methyl protodioscin(NSC-698790) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties; shows to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest.

Decursin is an anticancer agent, with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.

Custirsen is a targeted antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits the expression of clusterin, an antiapoptotic protein often upregulated in response to chemotherapy. By downregulating clusterin, custirsen enhances apoptosis in cancer cells, thereby overcoming treatment resistance. This compound is primarily utilized in cancer research, particularly in studies focused on improving therapeutic efficacy and understanding apoptotic mechanisms in tumor biology.

PB28 dihydrochloride is a potent σ2 receptor agonist, exhibiting high affinity with a Ki of 0.68 nM, and also acts as a σ1 antagonist with a Ki of 0.38 nM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting electrically evoked twitch responses in guinea pig bladder and ileum, with EC50 values of 2.62 μM and 3.96 μM, respectively. PB28 dihydrochloride has been shown to modulate SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions, induce caspase-independent apoptosis, and display antitumor effects, making it a valuable tool for research in neuropharmacology and cancer biology.

Tubulosine is an alkaloid that functions as a selective inhibitor of the Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) with an IC50 of 9.9 nM. It exhibits enhanced inhibition of JAK3 compared to other JAK family members, with IC50 values of 69.5 nM for JAK1, 84.9 nM for JAK2, and 76.3 nM for TYK2. Tubulosine induces both apoptotic and necrotic/autophagic cell death in cancer cells and disrupts peptide chain elongation in eukaryotic polysomes. This compound demonstrates promising anticancer activity, particularly in breast cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for cancer research.

(R)-JAK2/STAT3-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of the GP130 D1 domain, primarily targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, thereby impairing tumor cell viability and migration while promoting apoptosis. With an affinity of 3.8 μM for GP130, (R)-JAK2/STAT3-IN-1 serves as a valuable tool for research into cancer biology and therapeutic interventions.

Ezurpimtrostat (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective PPT1 inhibitor with multiple biological activities. It disrupts lysosomal function, modulates autophagy, and induces apoptosis, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and immunology. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammatory markers such as IFN-α and CRP, as well as in lowering viral loads of SARS-CoV-2. Ezurpimtrostat is suitable for investigating conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrosis, and other related disorders.

C2 L-Erythro ceramide (d18:1/2:0) is a cell-permeable sphingolipid that primarily targets cellular sphingolipid pathways. It is known to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, effectively inhibiting cell growth. This compound serves as a valuable tool for studying sphingolipid metabolism and its implications in cell cycle regulation and cancer research.