Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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MAO inhibitor
Brofaromine (CGP 11305A) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2?μM for MAO-A. -
MAO inhibitor
(S)-Rasagiline (TVP1022) mesylate is the S-isomer of rasagiline, which is an anti-Parkinson drug, appears to have the same neuroprotective activity as the R-isomer, but is 1000-fold less active as an MAO-B inhibitor. -
LOXL2 inhibitor
PAT-1251 Hydrochloride is a potent, selective and oral lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.71 and 1.17 μM for hLOXL2 and hLOXL3, respectively, and also potently inhibits mouse, rat, and dog LOXL2 (IC50s, 0.10, 0.12, and 0.16 μM, respectively). -
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Harmol hydrochloride is a potent monoamine oxidase inhibitor that functions as a transcription factor EB (TFEB) activator. It demonstrates significant biological activities, including the induction of cell mitosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Additionally, Harmol hydrochloride promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by modulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, making it relevant in studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Its diverse pharmacological effects also extend to anti-tumor, anti-depressant, and anti-aging activities, and it has shown promise in alleviating motor impairments in models of Parkinson's disease. -
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
4-Hydroxyderricin is a selective inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 3.43 μM, making it a valuable tool for studying neurological conditions. In addition to its primary mechanism, it exhibits mild inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase activity. This compound has demonstrated a range of biological activities, including antidepressant, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. It has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as enhance osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting osteoclast formation, positioning it as a promising candidate for research into inflammatory diseases. -
MAO/LSD1 Inhibitor
Tranylcypromine hemisulfate is an irreversible, nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and also acts as a lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. This compound demonstrates notable antidepressant effects and is utilized in the treatment of depression. Additionally, tranylcypromine hemisulfate has been shown to suppress lesion growth and alleviate generalized hyperalgesia in mouse models of induced endometriosis, making it a valuable tool for research in both psychiatric and pain-related studies. -
hMAO-A Inhibitor
Osthenol is a reversible and selective competitive inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A), with an IC50 of 0.74 μM and a Ki of 0.26 μM. This compound exhibits both antifungal and antibacterial properties, while also modulating the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters. Additionally, Osthenol has been shown to inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to apoptosis in colon cancer cells, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and reduced cell proliferation. Its applications are significant in the study of neurological disorders and cancer, particularly in targeting MAO-A for depression and investigating mechanisms in colon cancer. -
MAO-A/B Inhibitor
1,4-Naphthoquinone serves as a potent inhibitor targeting monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A/B) with competitive inhibition of MAO-B (Ki=1.4 μM) and non-competitive inhibition of MAO-A (Ki=7.7 μM). This compound exhibits broad-spectrum biological activity, inhibiting various DNA polymerases alongside notable anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Its mechanism includes the induction of oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH) depletion, suppression of DNA synthesis, and blockage of NF-κB nuclear translocation. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is applicable in research involving melanoma and colon cancer cell growth, endothelial cell function, and models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. -
HDAC1/MAO-B Inhibitor
HDAC1/MAO-B-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor targeting both HDAC1 and MAO-B, exhibiting IC50 values of 21.4 nM and 99.0 nM, respectively. This compound effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a valuable tool for studying neurological disorders. Its potential applications include research into Alzheimer's disease and related pathologies, facilitating the exploration of epigenetic modifications and monoamine metabolism in the brain. -
MAO A/HDAC Inhibitor
MAO A/HDAC-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor targeting monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and histone deacetylases (HDAC). This compound exhibits significant biological activity in glioma research, facilitating studies on tumor biology and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, MAO A/HDAC-IN-1 features an alkyne group that enables copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc), making it a valuable tool for click chemistry applications in investigating cellular processes. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
Desmethoxyyangonin is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), with an IC50 value of 0.123 µM. This kavalactone, derived from the Piper methysticum plant, exhibits notable anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of Jak2/STAT3 and IKK signaling pathways. Additionally, Desmethoxyyangonin plays a role in inducing CYP3A23 expression and contributes to skeletal muscle relaxation, making it a valuable tool for research in neuropharmacology and inflammation. -
5-HT6R/MAO-B Inhibitor
5-HT6R/MAO-B modulator 1 is a selective antagonist of the 5-HT6 receptor with Gs signaling activity and serves as an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). This compound demonstrates glioprotective effects and has the capability to reverse memory deficits induced by scopolamine. Additionally, it features an alkyne group, enabling it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reactions, making it a versatile tool for chemical biology applications. -
MAO Inhibitor
Phenelzine sulfate is an irreversible, orally active monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitor, primarily utilized as an antidepressant agent. It enhances levels of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, while inhibiting GABA transaminase and primary amine oxidase, and sequestering reactive aldehydes. Additionally, Phenelzine sulfate suppresses oxidative stress and lipogenesis and inhibits LSD1 (Ki: 5.6 μM). Its applications extend across research into neurological, metabolic, and oncological diseases, particularly in the context of depression, anxiety disorders, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory pain, obesity, and prostate cancer. -
MAO Inhibitor
Tranylcypromine-d5 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the irreversible, nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, Tranylcypromine. It exhibits potent antidepressant activity by inhibiting MAO, thereby increasing levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Additionally, this compound has been identified as a lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, demonstrating efficacy in reducing lesion growth and alleviating generalized hyperalgesia in mouse models of induced endometriosis. It serves as a valuable tool in neurological and pain research applications. -
LSD1/HDAC6/MAO-A Inhibitor
LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor targeting LSD1, HDAC6, and MAO-A, with IC50 values of 5 nM, 11 nM, and 5 nM, respectively. It demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on the growth of multiple myeloma cell lines, including MM.1S, MM.1R, and RPMI-8226. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoma, providing insights into potential therapeutic mechanisms. -
HDAC6/MAO-A/LSD1 Inhibitor
HDAC6-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), with an IC50 ranging from 0.02 to 1.54 μM for various HDAC isoforms, including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8. Additionally, it exhibits significant inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with an IC50 of 0.79 μM and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). This compound serves as a valuable tool for research applications in cancer biology and epigenetics and is equipped with an alkyne functionality, enabling it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc). -
Ferroptosis/MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-45 is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM, demonstrating over 229-fold selectivity for MAO-B compared to MAO-A. This compound exhibits significant antiferroptosis activity by modulating the iron metabolic pathway and the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis in vitro. Research indicates that MAO-B-IN-45 enhances cognitive and behavioral functions in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) Alzheimer's disease mouse models, while also reducing levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) in the brain. -
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 value of 3 μM, making it a valuable tool in neuropharmacological research. In addition to its MAO inhibitory activity, isatin also interacts with central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM) and acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity. This compound's multiple mechanisms of action highlight its potential in studying the serotonergic system and its related pathways in various biological contexts. -
MAO-A/5-HT2AR Inhibitor
MAO-A/5-HT2AR-IN-1 is a potent dual inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2AR), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.004 μM and 0.014 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant potential in the field of antidepressant research, contributing to the modulation of serotonin levels and receptor activity. It is a valuable tool for investigating the pharmacological impact of MAO-A and 5-HT2AR inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders. -
MAO-A Inhibitor
Azure B is a potent and selective reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), exhibiting IC50 values of 11 nM for recombinant human MAO-A and 968 nM for MAO-B. As the major metabolite of Methylene blue, Azure B plays a crucial role in the synthesis of Azure eosin stains, commonly used for blood smear staining. This compound also demonstrates significant antidepressant-like effects, making it a valuable reagent for research in neuropharmacology and the study of mood disorders. -
MAO-A/B Inhibitor
Tedizolid phosphate sodium is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). This compound exhibits significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, making it valuable in the study of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new therapeutic agents. Its mechanisms of action and inhibition properties facilitate research into neurological disorders and other conditions associated with monoamine dysregulation. -
MAO Inhibitor
Eckol is a potent inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) and a non-competitive inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B), with IC50 values of 7.20 μM and 83.44 μM, respectively. This compound exhibits significant biological activity through its antiallergic and antiviral effects, making it a valuable tool for exploring these pathways. Additionally, Eckol promotes stimulatory effects in maize and may serve as an effective plant biostimulant in agricultural research applications. -
MAO Inhibitor
9-Methyl-β-carboline is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 of 1 μM for human MAO-A and 15.5 μM for human MAO-B. This compound shows significant potential for cognitive enhancement by increasing dopamine levels through its inhibition of MAO activity and modulation of microglial proliferation. Additionally, 9-Methyl-β-carboline activates signaling pathways such as PKA/PKC and influences mitochondrial respiratory function, contributing to neuroprotection and the reduction of α-synuclein levels. It is particularly relevant in research focusing on Parkinson's disease, given its neurotrophic effects and ability to counteract neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron damage. -
A2AAR/hMAO-B Inhibitor
A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1 is a non-xanthine dual-target inhibitor that selectively inhibits the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) with an IC50 of 34.9 nM, and human monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a Ki of 39.5 nM. The compound effectively disrupts A2AAR-mediated cAMP accumulation and demonstrates competitive, reversible inhibition of MAO-B. A2AAR/hMAO-B-IN-1 is suitable for research applications in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in the study of Parkinson's disease (PD). -
MAO Inhibitor
Harmane hydrochloride is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that exhibits multiple biological activities. It demonstrates significant inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B, with IC50 values of 0.5 μM and 5 μM, respectively. This compound has been shown to possess antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and analgesic properties, making it valuable in neuropharmacological research. Additionally, Harmane hydrochloride can influence tyrosine hydroxylase activity, impacting dopamine biosynthesis and enhancing cytotoxicity induced by L-DOPA in in vitro models. Its mutagenic potential is also notable, particularly in conjunction with 2-acetylaminofluorene. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitor 6 is a highly selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a significant brain-blood barrier penetration capability, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.11 μM. This compound demonstrates notable antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and is applicable in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers investigating the role of MAO-B in neurobiology may find it a valuable tool for elucidating mechanisms of disease and exploring therapeutic avenues. -
MAO-A Inhibitor
Pirlindole mesylate is a selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), playing a crucial role in the modulation of neurotransmitter metabolism. Additionally, Pirlindole exhibits antiviral activity against enterovirus D68 and coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3), positioning it as a potential agent in virology research. This compound is valuable for studies focusing on depression, anxiety disorders, and the therapeutic mechanisms of neuronal regulation and viral infections. -
MAO Inhibitor
Norharmane is a reversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 6.5 μM for MAO-A and 4.7 μM for MAO-B. This β-carboline alkaloid demonstrates potential antidepressant effects and may act as an anti-cancer photosensitizer. Additionally, Norharmane has been shown to inhibit polar auxin transport by targeting the PIN2, PIN3, and PIN7 transport proteins, resulting in significant growth suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. -
MAO A Inhibitor
MD 770222 is a selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A). As a major O-demethyl metabolite of Cimoxatone, it exhibits notable inhibitory activity, albeit with reduced potency compared to its parent compound. This reagent is valuable in research focused on neurotransmitter modulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and the understanding of MAO A's role in various biological processes. -
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
(S)-Salsolidine is a weak inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), exhibiting a Ki value of 63 μM. This compound may be utilized in research to explore the role of MAO in various neurological conditions. Its activity supports investigations into the biochemical pathways involving monoamines, providing insights into potential therapeutic applications in mood disorders and related diseases. -
ALDH-2/MAO Inhibitor
7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin is a dual inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), demonstrating IC50 values of 1.5 µM and 0.5 µM, respectively. This compound exhibits significant biological activity that may influence cellular metabolism and neurotransmitter regulation. It is suitable for research applications focused on neuroprotection and metabolic studies. -
MAO Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-46 is a selective inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) with an IC50 of 26.8 nM, exhibiting weak inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50: 7.2054 μM). This compound also functions as an α-amylase inhibitor, presenting an IC50 of 19.46 μM. Its neuroprotective properties demonstrate the potential for investigating neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, while its ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals (IC50 values of 17.86 μM and 17.71 μM, respectively) highlights its relevance in research related to oxidative stress and diabetes. MAO-B-IN-46 shows minimal toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y cells. -
CA/MAO-B Inhibitor
CA/MAO-B-IN-1 is a potent dual inhibitor of human brain carbonic anhydrases (CA) and Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B), exhibiting IC50 values of 8.8 nM and 7.0 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant potential for research applications related to neurological conditions, as it may modulate both enzymatic activity and associated pathways. Additionally, in silico predictions suggest favorable oral absorption of 71.9%, making it a relevant candidate for further pharmacological studies. -
hMAO-B/MB-COMT Inhibitor
hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) and membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MB-COMT), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.5 µM and 3.84 µM, respectively. This compound is effective in protecting cells from oxidative damage, making it a valuable tool for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's Disease. Its dual inhibition profile provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions and aids in the development of potential therapeutic strategies. -
hMAO-B/MB-COMT Inhibitor
hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-2 is a potent dual inhibitor of hMAO-B and MB-COMT, exhibiting IC50 values of 4.27 μM and 2.69 μM, respectively. This compound effectively protects cells from oxidative damage, making it valuable for studies related to neurodegenerative diseases. hMAO-B/MB-COMT-IN-2 is particularly relevant in the research of conditions such as Parkinson’s Disease, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. -
CYP2A6/MAO Inhibitor
8α-(2-Methylacryloyloxy)-hirsutinolide-13-O-acetate functions as an irreversible inhibitor of CYP2A6, exhibiting IC50 values of 8.64 μM and 22.3 μM under pre-incubation and co-incubation conditions, respectively. Additionally, this compound demonstrates inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), with IC50 values of 60.2 μM and 38.6 μM, respectively. It serves as a valuable tool for research involving drug metabolism, neurochemistry, and the study of pharmacological responses influenced by these metabolic pathways. -
5-LOX/MAO Inhibitor
5-LOX/MAOs-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs), exhibiting potent antioxidant properties through free radical scavenging. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective effects in cell models subjected to oxidative stress and promotes a supportive microenvironment for neurogenesis in adult mouse neural stem cells. 5-LOX/MAOs-IN-1 is suitable for research focused on neurodegenerative diseases and mechanisms of neuroprotection. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-9 is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.18 μM. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective effects by preventing Aβ1-42-induced neuronal cell death, potentially through its ability to inhibit Aβ1-42 aggregation. Additionally, MAO-B-IN-9 serves as a click chemistry reagent, featuring an alkyne group that readily participates in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reactions for versatile applications in chemical biology research. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
Milacemide is an orally active inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), classified as a glycinamide derivative. This compound demonstrates anticonvulsant effects by modulating the levels of neurotransmitters; it decreases dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanilic acid while enhancing dopamine and serotonin levels in the caudate nucleus. Milacemide holds potential for research applications related to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. -
hMAO-B Inhibitor
hMAO-B-IN-7 is a potent inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase-B (hMAO-B) with an IC50 value of 0.79±0.05 μM. This compound effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for studies related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its ability to inhibit hMAO-B positions it as a valuable tool for exploring therapeutic approaches in these conditions. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-39 is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor that demonstrates an IC50 of 3.61 μM. It exhibits potent induction of NRF2, contributing to its significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in oxidative stress-related in vitro models. Additionally, MAO-B-IN-39 has shown high liver microsomal stability and favorable pharmacokinetics in murine studies, indicating its potential utility in Parkinson's disease research. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-21 is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) that also demonstrates antioxidant properties. This compound exhibits anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation activity, metal-ion chelation, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, specifically targeting nitric oxide and TNF-α pathways. Additionally, MAO-B-IN-21 is neuroprotective and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Its efficacy in enhancing memory and cognitive function has been established in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by Aβ1-42. -
Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitor
Rubrofusarin triglucoside is a glycoside compound that serves as an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A), demonstrating an IC50 value of 85.5 μM. This compound is isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia Linn and plays a significant role in neurochemical studies related to mood regulation and depression. Its inhibition of hMAO-A makes it a valuable reagent for research into neuropharmacology and the therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-55 is a reversible competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), exhibiting an IC50 of 2.9 nM and a remarkable 2750-fold selectivity for MAO-B over MAO-A. This compound is valuable for studying the biochemical pathways involved in Parkinson's disease, making it a significant tool for both in vitro and in vivo research applications focused on neurodegenerative disorders. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-37 is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), exhibiting an IC50 value of 270 nM. This compound demonstrates favorable metabolic stability in mouse microsomes, along with strong binding affinity to human serum albumin. It is valuable for research applications focused on neurological disorders and oxidative stress, where modulation of MAO-B activity may provide therapeutic insights. -
MAO Inhibitor
SL-251131 is a reversible non-specific monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, targeting both MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes. By inhibiting these enzymes, SL-251131 temporarily increases the levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, making it a valuable tool for studying neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease. Its application in research facilitates a deeper understanding of the biochemical pathways involved in dopaminergic signaling and related pathologies. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
Homopterocarpin is an isoflavonoid that serves as a competitive reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B), with an IC50 value of 0.72 μM and a Ki of 0.21 μM. This compound demonstrates significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable tool in studies related to liver injury and oxidative stress. Its selective inhibition of hMAO-B positions Homopterocarpin as an important reagent for exploring neurodegenerative conditions and biochemical pathways associated with cellular stress responses. -
MAO-A Inhibitor
(±)-Amiflamine serves as a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), exhibiting a pIC50 value of 5.57. This compound is significant for investigating the modulation of neurotransmitter levels, making it valuable in studies related to mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Its ability to inhibit MAO-A highlights its potential application in the research of therapeutic agents targeting depression and anxiety disorders. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-13 is a potent reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 value of 10 nM, demonstrating strong blood-brain barrier penetration. This compound exhibits neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.
