Peptides

Fibronectin Type III Connecting Segment Fragment 1-25 is a peptide that is responsible for melanoma cell adhesion, and plays an important role in development of the peripheral nervous system in chicken.

Caprooyl-tetrapeptide-3 acetate is used for fine lines and wrinkle reduction. Caprooyl-tetrapeptide-3 acetate stimulates the expression of collagen VII and laminin-5 in a model of corticoid-induced skin ageing.

Serum thymic factor (Thymulin) is a zinc-dependent immunomodulatory peptide. Serum thymic factor induces hyperalgesia. Serum thymic factor protects rats from Cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting ERK activation. Serum thymic factor has anti-diabetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

AY254 is an analogue of AY77. AY254 is ERK-biased PAR2 agonist with an EC50 of 2 nM. AY254 relieves cytokine-induced caspase 3/8 activation. AY254 also promotes scratch-wound healing and induced IL-8 secretion via PAR2-ERK1/2 signaling.

Acetly-β Amyloid (15-20), Amide is a peptides fragment. Acetly-β Amyloid (15-20), Amide inhibits the β-sheet formation and stabilizes structure of Aβ (1-40) peptide. Acetly-β Amyloid (15-20), Amide can be used in study Alzheimer's disease.

R715 is a selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist. R715 significantly attenuates the hyperalgesic effect developed in Streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

Urodilatin is an analogue of ANF-(99-126). Urodilatin is a diuretic-natriuretic regulatory peptide. Urodilatin can be used for research of acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, and bronchial asthma, etc.

Tetralysine is a cationic moietie that may be used in the construction of gene delivery vectors and DNA nanoparticles.

Unguisin A s a cyclic peptides that can be isolated from the marine-derived fungus Emericella unguis.

AY77 is a calcium-biased PAR2 agonist. AY77 shows an EC50 of 0.17 and 2 nM in PAR2-mediated the activation in the Gq pathway and recruitment of β-arrestin-2, respectively. AY77 potently induces intracellular Ca2+ release.

pGlu-Pro-Arg-MNA monoacetate is a chromogenic substrate.

Semax acetate is a nootropic neuroprotective peptide. Semax acetate can be used in the research of brain stroke.

Feglymycin is a HIV replication inhibitor. Feglymycin is also an antibiotic peptide that has antibacterial activity (MIC: 32-64 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus).

X-press Tag Peptide is a tag peptide used for protein purification. X-press Tag is also an N-terminal leader peptide; this N-terminal peptide contains a polyhistidine sequence, the Xpress epitope (part of bacteriophage T7 gene 10 protein) and an enterokinase cleavage site. Anti-Xpress antibodies recognize the Xpress epitope sequence found in this leader peptide.

Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide initially isolated from human gastric mucosa. Xenin is a gut hormone that can reduce food intake.

Dermaseptin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration.

LCKLSL is an N-terminal hexapeptide that functions as a competitive inhibitor of annexin A2 (AnxA2). It effectively blocks the interaction between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and AnxA2, thereby inhibiting plasmin generation. Through suppression of the tPA–AnxA2–plasmin pathway, LCKLSL exhibits significant anti-angiogenic activity and may serve as a valuable tool for studying AnxA2-mediated fibrinolytic and vascular processes.

ATWLPPR peptide is a biologically active heptapeptide and a specific antagonist of VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). It binds to VEGFR2, completely blocking VEGF binding and thereby inhibiting VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. ATWLPPR selectively inhibits human endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and fully suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in vivo.

LyP-1 is a cyclic 9-amino-acid tumor-homing peptide that selectively binds to p32 receptors, which are overexpressed on various tumor-associated cells.

PIC1 PA is a 15-amino-acid peptide and a potent analog of PIC1 that inhibits classical pathway–mediated complement activation. It functions by disrupting the interaction between C1s-C1r-C1r-C1s/MASPs and the collagen-like region (CLR) of C1q or MBL. PIC1 PA specifically binds to the CLR of C1q, with a mean equilibrium dissociation constant (K\_D) of 33.3 nM for purified C1q.

tLyP-1 peptide is a neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) targeting peptide with an IC₅₀ of 4 μM and the amino acid sequence CGNKRTR. It specifically binds to NRP-1, enabling selective targeting of tumor cells.

Urocortin, human, is a 40-amino acid neuropeptide that functions as a selective agonist of the endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF₂). It exhibits high binding affinity with Kᵢ values of 0.4 nM for human CRF₁, 0.3 nM for rat CRF₂α, and 0.5 nM for mouse CRF₂β. Urocortin plays a role in modulating stress responses, cardiovascular function, and feeding behavior.

TAT-14 is a 14-mer peptide that functions as a Nrf2 activator with anti-inflammatory properties. It does not alter Nrf2 mRNA expression but increases Nrf2 protein levels by targeting the Nrf2 binding site on Keap1, thereby stabilizing Nrf2 and promoting its activation.

CGP78850 is a potent and selective inhibitor that disrupts Grb2 SH2-phosphopeptide interactions. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating Grb2-mediated signaling pathways and holds potential for cancer research applications.

Chemerin-9 (149–157) TFA is a potent peptide agonist of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory activity. It activates downstream signaling pathways by stimulating the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Chemerin-9 (149–157) TFA has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, including the amelioration of Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease models. Additionally, it plays important roles in modulating immune responses, regulating adipocyte differentiation, and improving glucose metabolism, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders.

LUNA18 is an orally bioavailable cyclic peptide that functions as a dual inhibitor of KRAS and ERK signaling pathways. It disrupts the interaction between RAS and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), effectively inhibiting RAS activation and downstream signaling. In RAS-mutated cancer cells, LUNA18 reduces cell proliferation while modulating key signaling nodes, including phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. In preclinical studies, LUNA18 demonstrates potent anticancer activity, particularly in xenograft models, by blocking RAS-driven tumor growth. It shows significant cellular efficacy against cancer cell lines harboring KRAS mutations, including colon, gastric, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancers, highlighting its therapeutic potential as a targeted agent for RAS-driven malignancies.

mSIRK (G-Protein βγ Binding Peptide) is a cell-permeable peptide that functions as an activator of ERK1/2 signaling, with an EC₅₀ of 2.5–5 μM. It disrupts the interaction between the G-protein α and βγ subunits, promoting dissociation of the α subunit independently of nucleotide exchange. By modulating G-protein signaling, mSIRK enables selective activation of downstream pathways, such as ERK1/2, and serves as a valuable tool for studying G-protein–mediated signal transduction and ERK pathway activation.

ReACp53 is a cell-penetrating peptide that inhibits p53 amyloid aggregation, restoring p53 function in cancer cell lines and organoids derived from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).

Angiogenin Fragment (108–123) is a C-terminal peptide segment of Angiogenin that functions as an inhibitor of its enzymatic and biological activities. This fragment interferes with Angiogenin’s pro-angiogenic functions, making it a useful tool for studying angiogenesis and exploring therapeutic strategies targeting vascular growth.

Tau Peptide (306–317) is a synthetic polypeptide fragment identified through peptide screening, a research technique that pools and evaluates active peptides—primarily via immunoassays. Peptide screening is widely used for studying protein–protein interactions, functional analysis, and epitope mapping, making Tau Peptide (306–317) a valuable tool in the research and development of therapeutic agents, particularly in neurodegenerative disease studies.

GIP Human (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) is a 42-amino acid peptide hormone that functions as an incretin. Secreted by intestinal K cells in response to nutrient ingestion, GIP enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and acts as a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. It plays a key role in glucose homeostasis and metabolic regulation.

Chicken calcitonin is a peptide hormone involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption by suppressing the motility and activity of osteoclasts, as demonstrated in neonatal rat models. This hormone plays a key role in maintaining bone homeostasis and is of interest in bone-related research.

The Italian mutation of β-amyloid 1-40 (E22K) exhibits faster aggregation kinetics and greater neurotoxicity compared to the wild-type peptide. Solid-state NMR studies (Masuda et al.) suggest this enhanced toxicity may be linked to the formation of a salt bridge between Lys²² and Asp²³ in a minor conformer. Similar to the Arctic, Flemish, and Dutch Aβ variants, the Italian mutant also shows significantly reduced degradation by the Aβ-cleaving enzyme neprilysin, contributing to its pathological accumulation.

Retrocyclin-101 is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide that exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both bacterial and viral pathogens. It functions by disrupting microbial membranes and enhancing host immune responses, making it a valuable candidate for infectious disease research and therapeutic development.

Tetrapeptide-21 is a bioactive peptide commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its anti-wrinkle and skin-brightening properties. It promotes collagen synthesis and helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and hyperpigmentation, contributing to improved skin texture and tone.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 is a bioactive peptide that promotes the synthesis of collagen I and stimulates the production of lumican, a key polysaccharide component of the basement membrane. It is commonly used in skin research and cosmetic formulations for its potential to enhance dermal structure and improve skin firmness.

HXR9 is a cell-permeable peptide that functions as a competitive antagonist of the HOX/PBX interaction, disrupting the binding of HOX proteins (paralogues 1–8) to the transcription factor PBX. It selectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cells with elevated HOXA/PBX3 expression, such as MLL-rearranged leukemic cells, making it a valuable tool for studying HOX/PBX-driven oncogenesis.

Glepaglutide (ZP1848) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue and a potent agonist of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R). It enhances intestinal absorption, reduces faecal output, and alleviates small intestinal inflammation. Glepaglutide is a valuable agent for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease.

RGD Trifluoroacetate is a tripeptide that specifically interacts with integrins to promote cell adhesion. This compound is instrumental in studying cellular processes related to adhesion and migration, making it valuable for research in cancer, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Its ability to elicit specific cellular responses makes it a crucial tool for elucidating integrin-mediated pathways.

Cys-Penetratin is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) characterized by the sequence CRQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK. This peptide facilitates the translocation of various biomolecules across cellular membranes, enhancing their delivery into living cells. Cys-Penetratin is widely used in research applications focused on drug delivery, gene therapy, and intracellular protein transportation. Its ability to efficiently transport cargo makes it a valuable tool in cellular and molecular biology studies.

Acetyltetrapeptide 11 is a bioactive peptide recognized for its anti-aging properties. It functions by promoting collagen synthesis and enhancing skin elasticity, making it valuable in cosmetic formulations aimed at reducing signs of aging. Its application extends to skincare products where it aids in rejuvenating and revitalizing the skin.

Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroactive peptide that significantly influences acetylcholine release. As the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I, it effectively inhibits glutamate binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 14.7 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on neuroprotection and the modulation of neurophysiological processes.

Eledoisin is a specific agonist of the NK2 and NK3 receptors. This bioactive peptide exhibits significant biological activity in modulating neurokinin pathways, making it valuable in the study of pain and inflammatory responses. Eledoisin is utilized in research applications related to neurobiology and pharmacology, particularly in the exploration of neurokinin receptor signaling and its implications in various physiological processes.

NGR peptide is a receptor-binding peptide that targets the aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). This peptide demonstrates specific binding to CD13, facilitating its use as a key element in imaging applications. By conjugating NGR peptide to imaging agents, it allows for enhanced visualization of tumor sites, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and diagnostics.

Ac-VETD-AMC is a synthetic peptide substrate specifically designed for the enzyme caspase 8. This compound enables the assessment of caspase activity, making it a valuable tool in apoptosis research. Additionally, Ac-VETD-AMC has the potential to evaluate the functional activity of recombinant phytaspase, contributing to studies in cell signaling and programmed cell death.

Periplanetasin-4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) that targets microbial pathogens. This peptide exhibits significant biological activities, including the reduction of cell rounding and apoptosis, while also inhibiting Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Periplanetasin-4 enhances mitochondrial calcium levels and mitigates vacuolar dysfunction in Candida albicans, highlighting its potential in antifungal research. Additionally, it demonstrates protective effects against toxin A-induced mucosal damage in mouse models, making it a valuable reagent for studies on colitis and intestinal health.

GPR is a three amino acid peptide that targets apoptosis pathways by inhibiting caspase-3/p53 dependent mechanisms. It demonstrates protective effects against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. GPR is valuable for research related to Alzheimer's disease and studies focused on neuroprotection and cellular survival.

d-T101 peptide is an important ligand for the T1/ST2 receptor, primarily involved in mediating apoptosis through the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, along with JNKinase and p38 MAPKinase pathways. This peptide exhibits significant immunostimulatory and anticancer properties by selectively inducing apoptosis in proliferating cancer cells. It enhances the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as promoting the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells and M1 macrophages to tumor sites. d-T101 peptide is invaluable for research in cancer immunotherapy and the modulation of immune responses.

Smac-N7 peptide is derived from the N-terminal region of the mitochondrial protein Smac, a known activator of caspases. This peptide primarily targets and enhances apoptotic signaling pathways by promoting caspase activation, thereby facilitating programmed cell death. Due to its inability to penetrate cell membranes, Smac-N7 is useful for studying the mechanisms of apoptosis and can serve as a potent tool in cancer research and therapeutic development focused on apoptotic modulation.

RP-182 is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that targets the mannose receptor CD206 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), exhibiting a dissociation constant (Kd) of 8 μM. By inducing a conformational change in the CD206 receptor, RP-182 activates NF-κB signaling, promoting TNFα secretion and phagocytosis in CD206high TAMs, ultimately leading to apoptosis via caspase 8 activation. This compound is valuable for research in pancreatic cancer and melanoma, providing insights into therapeutic strategies that enhance anti-tumor immunity.