-
mitophagy regulator
P62-mediated mitophagy inducer is a mitophagy regulator which activates mitophagy without recruiting Parkin or collapsing δ??m and retains activity in cells devoid of a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway. -
Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor
Monacolin J is an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, and inhibits the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. -
sulfasalazine analog
Ipsalazide is a novel sulfasalazine analog designed to release 5-aminosalicylic acid and a nontoxic carrier molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. - Oxyphenisatin acetate, the pro-drug of oxyphenisatin, is used to be a laxative.
- Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt.
-
p110β inhibitor
Rac)-AZD 6482 ((Rac)-KIN-193) is a less active racemate of AZD 6482. AZD 6482 is a potent and selective p110β inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.69 nM. -
CYP26 inhibitor/RAMBA
Talarozole (R115866) is an oral systemic all-trans retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) which increases intracellular levels of endogenous all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Talarozole inhibits both CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 with IC50s of 5.4 and 0.46 nM, respectively. -
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with an IC50 of 19.1 μM.
-
retinoic acid metabolism inhibitor
(+)-Talarozole is a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism extracted from patent WO 1997049704 A1. -
ULK1 activator
LYN-1604 hydrochloride is a potent ULK1 activator with an EC50 of 18.94 nM. -
retinoic acid metabolism inhibitor
(-)-Talarozole is a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism extracted from patent WO 1997049704 A1. -
ULK1/ULK2 inhibitor
MRT68921 dihydrochloride is the most potent inhibitor of ULK1 and ULK2, with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. -
lysosomal autophagy inhibitor
Lys01 trihydrochloride (Lys05) is a novel lysosomal autophagy inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.6, 3.8, 6 and 7.9 μM for 1205Lu, c8161, LN229 and HT-29 cell line in the MTT assay. -
mHTT-LC3 linker compound
LC3-mHTT-IN-AN1 (Compound AN1) is a mHTT-LC3 linker compound, which interacts with both mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) and LC3B but not with wtHTT or irrelevant control proteins. -
lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor
Vacuolin-1 is a potent and cell-permeable lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor. -
ULK1 activator
LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). -
Autophagy inducer
Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans. -
natural pterostilbene analogue
3'-Hydroxypterostilbene, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells (IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 ?M for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. -
antioxidant agent
Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl Ferulate, Methyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate) is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, which is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants. It shows the strongest antioxidant activity and can protect against inflammation and cancer. -
VPS34 inhibitor
VPS34 inhibitor 1 (Compound 19, PIK-III analogue) is a potent and selective inhibitor of VPS34 with an IC50 of 15 nM. -
anti-tumor agent
Sophocarpine (monohydrate) is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory. -
autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor
Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc. -
HMGB1 release inhibitor
Ethyl pyruvate is a simple derivative of the endogenous metabolite, pyruvic acid. Ethyl pyruvate is an anti-inflammatory agent. -
anti-infective agent
Tizoxanide is the active metabolite of Nitazoxanide, which is a thiazolide anti-infective compound against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Tizoxanide has anti-HIV-1 activities. -
Calcium channel antagonist
Felodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine antagonist and calcium channel protein inhibitor.
- Lipoteichoic acid is an orally active compound with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. It is a key immune molecule found in Gram-positive bacteria that activates the complement system by upregulating C3 and inhibiting CD55. Lipoteichoic acid modulates macrophage autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, induces lung injury in mouse models, and inhibits melanin production.
-
Staurosporine Analog
Stauprimide is a staurosporine analog that promotes embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. It selectively binds to the MYC transcriptional regulator NME2, blocking its nuclear localization in ESCs and thereby downregulating MYC transcription. -
Autophagy inhibitor
Liensinine diperchlorate is a major isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of *Nelumbo nucifera* Gaertn. It inhibits late-stage autophagy and mitophagy by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Liensinine diperchlorate exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmic, antihypertensive, anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects, and vascular smooth muscle relaxation, making it a valuable compound for research in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, as well as autophagy-related disorders. -
Autophagy Modulator
Pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside is a bioactive saponin isolated from *Paris polyphylla* with demonstrated anti-colorectal cancer activity. It modulates autophagy by upregulating the expression of key autophagy-related proteins, including LC3 and Beclin-1, contributing to its anticancer effects. -
Autophagy inducer
Cearoin is a bioactive compound that promotes both autophagy and apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activating the ERK signaling pathway. Through this dual mechanism, cearoin contributes to the regulation of cellular stress responses and programmed cell death. Its ability to modulate these processes makes it a valuable candidate for research in cancer biology and other diseases involving dysregulated autophagy or apoptosis. -
Anticholinergic agent
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (also known as Penequinine hydrochloride) is a selective anticholinergic agent that acts as an antagonist of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune signaling in lung tissue, notably through activation of the NF-κB pathway and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In preclinical studies, Penehyclidine hydrochloride has been shown to alleviate pulmonary inflammation in rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly under conditions of mechanical ventilation. These properties suggest its potential utility in managing respiratory inflammatory conditions and improving outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with COPD.

