Autophagy

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  1. autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor

    Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc.
  2. late-stage autophagy inhibitor

    PHY34 is a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with nanomolar potency and significant antitumor efficacy as a single agent against HGSOC in vivo.
  3. p110β inhibitor

    Rac)-AZD 6482 ((Rac)-KIN-193) is a less active racemate of AZD 6482. AZD 6482 is a potent and selective p110β inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.69 nM.
  4. CaM-KK inhibitor

    STO-609 is a selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaM-KK), with Ki values of 80 and 15 ng/mL for recombinant CaM-KKα and CaM-KKβ, respectively.
  5. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer

    Hemin is an iron-containing porphyrin. Hemin is an Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer.
  6. rapamycin enhancer/autophagy inducer

    SMER18 is a small molecule enhancer of rapamycin which act as a mTOR-independent autophagy inducer.
  7. Arglabin is a sesquiterpene gamma-lactone is isolated from Artemisia glabella; anticancer natural compound.
  8. Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,that is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.
  9. CYP26 inhibitor/RAMBA

    Talarozole (R115866) is an oral systemic all-trans retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) which increases intracellular levels of endogenous all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Talarozole inhibits both CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 with IC50s of 5.4 and 0.46 nM, respectively.
  10. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with an IC50 of 19.1 μM.

  11. retinoic acid metabolism inhibitor

    (+)-Talarozole is a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism extracted from patent WO 1997049704 A1.
  12. ULK1 activator

    LYN-1604 hydrochloride is a potent ULK1 activator with an EC50 of 18.94 nM.
  13. retinoic acid metabolism inhibitor

    (-)-Talarozole is a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism extracted from patent WO 1997049704 A1.
  14. sulfasalazine analog

    Ipsalazide is a novel sulfasalazine analog designed to release 5-aminosalicylic acid and a nontoxic carrier molecule in the gastrointestinal tract.
  15. macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor

    CA-5f is a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor via inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
  16. Oxyphenisatin acetate, the pro-drug of oxyphenisatin, is used to be a laxative.
  17. Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt.
  18. Lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor

    IITZ-01 is a potent lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor with single-agent antitumor activity, with an IC50 of 2.62 μM for PI3Kγ.
  19. Nrf2 activator

    TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is a widely used Nrf2 activator, protects against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through activation of Nrf2.
  20. EN6

    Autophagy activator

    EN6 is a novel covalent autophagy activator, targeting cysteine 277 in the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal v-ATPase, which activates mTORC1 via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases.
  21. Xanthocillin is a marine agent extracted from Penicillium commune, induces autophagy through inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway.
  22. autophagy receptor

    ALLO-1, an autophagy receptor, is essential for autophagosome formation around paternal organelles and directly binds to the worm LC3 homologue LGG-1 through its LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif.
  23. Autophagy inhibitor

    Aumitin is an autophagy inhibitor, targeting mitochondrial complex I. Aumitin inhibits starvation- and rapamycin induced autophagy dose dependently with IC50s of 0.12 μM and 0.24 μM, respectively.
  24. mitophagy regulator

    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer is a mitophagy regulator which activates mitophagy without recruiting Parkin or collapsing δ??m and retains activity in cells devoid of a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway.
  25. Autophagy inhibitor

    EACC is a reversible autophagy inhibitor, which can block autophagic flux. EACC selectively inhibits the translocation of autophagosome-specific SNARE Stx17 thereby blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
  26. Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor

    Monacolin J is an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, and inhibits the activity of HMG-CoA reductase.
  27. anti-cancer agent

    Falcarindiol (FAD, (3R,8S)-Falcarindiol, FaDOH) is a natural polyacetylene compound found rich in many plants of the Umbelliferae family. Falcarindiol suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Falcarindiol attenuates the LPS-induced activation of JNK, ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling molecules. Falnidamol is a pyrimido-pyrimidine compound with anti-cancer activity.
  28. anti-bacterial agent

    Pogostone is isolated from patchouli with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 ?g/ml . Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy.
  29. Apoptosis Inducer/Autophagy Inhibitor

    Kumatakenin is a potent apoptosis inducer and autophagy inhibitor that targets ATG5 with a Kd value of 2.94 μM. It effectively enhances the activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells while modulating chemokines and pro-oncogenic factors. Kumatakenin also reduces M2 macrophage polarization, inhibits tumor progression in esophageal cancer by targeting FASN, and interacts with Eno3 to mitigate ferroptosis and alleviate intestinal inflammation. This compound is valuable for studies in ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, depression, and colitis research.
  30. Autophagy Inducer

    Bigelovin is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from Inula hupehensis, functioning as a selective agonist of the retinoid X receptor α. It induces autophagy and apoptosis, effectively suppressing tumor growth through the inhibition of the mTOR pathway, which is modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cancer biology and the mechanisms of autophagy modulation.
  31. Autophagy Inducer

    ZPCK is a proagent of gemcitabine that functions as an autophagy inducer. It is designed to enhance oral bioavailability, facilitating more efficient delivery in research applications. ZPCK is relevant for studies exploring cancer therapies that utilize autophagy modulation to improve treatment outcomes.
  32. Autophagy Inducer

    Paeonol-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Paeonol, serving as an autophagy inducer. It enhances the autophagic process, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis and survival under stress conditions. This reagent is primarily utilized in studies investigating autophagy-related pathways and their implications in various diseases.
  33. Autophagy Enhancer

    Valechlorine is an iridoid that functions primarily as an autophagy enhancer. It demonstrates efficacy in mitigating fatty liver conditions by promoting the breakdown of lipid droplets through autophagy. This compound is particularly useful for research involving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  34. Autophagy Activator

    Clematichinenoside AR is an autophagy activator derived from the traditional Chinese herb Clematis chinensis. This compound exhibits significant pharmacological effects, notably in the context of atherosclerosis and related diseases. Its ability to modulate autophagy makes it a valuable tool for research into cellular processes and potential therapeutic interventions.
  35. Autophagy Inhibitor

    Autophagy-IN-5 is a potent autophagy inhibitor, exhibiting an EC50 of 0.736 μM. This compound selectively targets the autophagy pathway, playing a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and degradation processes. It is suitable for research applications investigating the modulation of autophagy in various disease contexts, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
  36. Autophagy

    SLLN-15 is a potent and selective enhancer of autophagy that primarily targets the autophagic pathway. It effectively activates cytostatic macroautophagy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, promoting cellular degradation and recycling processes. SLLN-15 is ideal for research focused on autophagy modulation and its implications in cancer therapy, particularly in challenging malignancies like TNBC.
  37. Autophagy

    MRT 68601 is a potent inhibitor of TBK1, predominantly influencing autophagy processes. It effectively inhibits autophagosome formation in lung cancer cells, underscoring its therapeutic potential in cancer research. Additionally, MRT 68601 may impact host-dependent factors implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering a foundation for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies linked to known FDA-approved drugs and compounds currently in clinical trials.
  38. Autophagy Inducer

    Butylate is an autophagy inducer that plays a significant role in platelet research. It is involved in the activation of platelets, which can trigger autophagic processes mediated by the AMPK-MTOR signaling pathway and is associated with sphingolipid metabolism. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating the interplay between autophagy and metabolic pathways in hematological studies.
  39. Autophagy Inducer

    NSC 109555 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), exhibiting an IC50 of 200 nM in a cell-free assay. This compound selectively inhibits Chk2 while displaying lesser activity against Brk, c-Met, IGFR, and LCK at higher concentrations. NSC 109555 disrupts Chk2 autophosphorylation and histone H1 phosphorylation with an IC50 of 240 nM. Its biological activity includes inducing autophagy and inhibiting growth in L1210 leukemia cells, as well as enhancing gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity and increasing reactive oxygen species levels in various pancreatic cancer cell lines.
  40. Autophagy Inducer

    BRD5631 is an autophagy inducer that enhances the autophagic process through an mTOR-independent pathway. It has been shown to impact various cellular disease phenotypes associated with autophagy, including protein aggregation, cell survival mechanisms, bacterial replication, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. This compound is suitable for research applications exploring the roles of autophagy in disease modulation and therapeutic development.
  41. Autophagy Activator

    501A054 is an autophagy activator that promotes autophagy-dependent cell death through the activation of autophagy pathways. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on the regulation of autophagy, particularly in the context of cervical cancer studies. Its ability to induce autophagic processes makes it a significant tool for understanding cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in cancer research.
  42. Autophagy Activator

    Soybean peptide QRPR is an autophagy activator that enhances cellular autophagy by increasing the expression and activity of key signaling proteins, including PIK3, AKT, and mTOR. This peptide has shown potential in reducing inflammatory responses, making it valuable for research in cellular stress responses and inflammatory diseases. Its role in modulating autophagy pathways positions it as an important tool for studies aimed at understanding cellular homeostasis and therapeutic interventions.
  43. Autophagy Inducer

    Cabergoline diphosphate is an ergot alkaloid that acts as an agonist of dopamine D2-like receptors, demonstrating high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors with Ki values of 0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively. It serves as an autophagy inducer, making it a valuable tool for research focused on cellular processes related to autophagy and neurobiology. This compound is instrumental in studies investigating neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic regulation, providing insights into the role of dopamine receptors in cellular homeostasis.
  44. Autophagy

    Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (290-309) is a specific antagonist of CaMK with a reported IC50 of 52 nM, effectively inhibiting calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity. This reagent plays a crucial role in the study of autophagy, facilitating research into cellular signaling pathways regulated by calcium and calmodulin. It is valuable for investigating the physiological and pathological processes influenced by CaMKII, providing insights into various diseases and potential therapeutic targets.
  45. Autophagy Inducer

    Autophagonizer (DK-1-49) is a small molecule autophagy inducer that promotes the accumulation of autophagy-associated LC3-II while increasing the levels of autophagosomes and acidic vacuoles. This compound effectively inhibits cell viability and induces cell death in cancer cells as well as Bax/Bak double-knockout cells, demonstrating EC50 values of 3-4 μM. Autophagonizer serves as a valuable tool for research into autophagy-related processes and potential therapeutic interventions in cancer biology.
  46. Autophagy Inhibitor

    ATG12-IN-1 is an autophagy inhibitor that effectively disrupts the ATG12-ATG3 protein-protein interaction, exhibiting an IC50 of 9 μM. This compound is valuable in cancer research, allowing for the exploration of autophagy dynamics and its implications in tumor biology. It provides a robust tool for investigating the role of autophagy in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
  47. Autophagy-Targeting Chimera

    2G-HaloAUTAC is a second-generation autophagy-targeting chimera designed to enhance the efficacy of AUTACs by substituting the L-Cysteine linker with alternative structures. This compound demonstrates potent degradation activity against EGFP-HaloTag protein via an autophagic mechanism. It serves as a valuable tool for research focused on autophagy and targeted protein degradation, providing insights into cellular protein turnover processes.
  48. Autophagy Inhibitor

    Autophagy-IN-4 (Compound 34) is a potent autophagy inhibitor, demonstrating an EC50 of 0.5 μM in U2OS cells and an LD50 of 27 μM. This compound effectively interferes with the autophagic process, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating the role of autophagy in various biological contexts and disease models. Its specificity and efficacy support its application in studies aimed at understanding autophagy-related pathways and potential therapeutic interventions.
  49. Autophagy Inhibitor

    Autophagy-IN-3 is an autophagy inhibitor that enhances metabolic stress within the tumor microenvironment. By inhibiting autophagic processes, it significantly increases the efficacy of cytostatics in combination therapies. This compound is particularly valuable in cancer research, where modulating autophagy can influence tumor growth and treatment response.
  50. Autophagy Inducer

    CR-3294 is an autophagy inducer that specifically targets hypoxic cells by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It effectively inhibits the DNA binding activity of HIF-1alpha and reduces VEGF mRNA synthesis. This compound is valuable for research applications involving breast cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, by elucidating the role of autophagy in these conditions.

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