Autophagy

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  1. mitochondrial autophagy

    T-271 is a selective inducer of mitochondrial autophagy, specifically targeting the regulation of mitophagy processes within cells. This compound facilitates the degradation and removal of damaged mitochondria, promoting cellular homeostasis and contributing to mitochondrial quality control. T-271 is primarily utilized in research focused on metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and other conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
  2. Autophagy Inducer

    Clinopodiside A is a triterpenoid saponin that acts as an autophagy inducer. Isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Clinopodium polycephalum, it demonstrates significant potential in modulating cellular autophagy processes. This compound is useful for research applications exploring autophagy-related pathways and their implications in various diseases.
  3. PPT1 Inhibitor

    Ezurpimtrostat (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective PPT1 inhibitor with multiple biological activities. It disrupts lysosomal function, modulates autophagy, and induces apoptosis, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and immunology. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammatory markers such as IFN-α and CRP, as well as in lowering viral loads of SARS-CoV-2. Ezurpimtrostat is suitable for investigating conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrosis, and other related disorders.
  4. Autophagy Inducer

    Corynoxine B is an alkaloid that acts as an autophagy inducer and an inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation. It has demonstrated the ability to mitigate manganese-induced dysregulation of autophagy, thereby enhancing the clearance of α-synuclein in models of Parkinson's disease. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research into neurodegenerative disorders and the underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation.
  5. Avermectin B1 (Abamectin) is a widely used insecticide and anthelmintic.
  6. autophagin-1 inhibitor

    FMK 9a is an autophagin-1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 80 and 73 μM in FRET and LRA assay.
  7. 15-LO inhibitor

    PD146176 (NSC168807) is a 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitor, which inhibits rabbit reticulocyte 15-LO with a Ki of 197 nM. PD146176 (NSC168807) has a dramatic effect in reducing atherogenesis.
  8. K+/Na+/Ca+ Channel Blocker

    Dronedarone Hydrochloride is a non-iodinated amiodarone derivative that inhibits Na+, K+ and Ca2+ currents.
  9. autophagy inducer

    Flubendazole is an anthelmintic used for protection against internal parasites and worms in dogs and cats.
  10. Amiodarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic drug for inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel with IC50 of 19.1 μM.
  11. neuromuscular blocking agent

    Cisatracurium besylate (51W89) is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, antagonizing the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting neuromuscular transmission.
  12. TPEN is a heavy metal chelator. Reacts with both Zn-proteome and Zn-metallothionein (MT) in LLC-PK1 cells; acts as an intracellular chelator of proteomic Zn2+.
  13. Arctigenin is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiviral agent. It inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression via inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation (IC50 = 10 nM)
  14. Scutellarin, a main active ingredient extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has been wildly used to treat acute cerebral infarction and paralysis induced by cerebrovascular diseases.
  15. autophagy (CMA) activator

    QX77 is a chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activator.
  16. cell cycle inhibitor

    Briciclib disodium salt is a benzyl styryl sulfone analog, and a disodium phosphate ester prodrug of ON 013100, with potential antineoplastic activity.
  17. Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is an antimalarial agent used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune, inflammatory and dermatologic conditions. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9.
  18. Autophagy inhibitor

    ROC-325 is an autophagy inhibitor. ROC-325 exhibited superior in vitro anticancer effects compared with the existing autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in 12 different cancer cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds.
  19. ATG4B antagonist

    NSC 185058 is an inhibitor of ATG4B, a cysteine protease that activates LC3B during the initiation of autophagy.
  20. PPT1 inhibitor

    DC661 is a potent palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) inhibitor. DC661 inhibits autophagy. DC661 is capable of deacidifying the lysosome and inhibiting autophagy significantly better than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).
  21. Autophagy inhibitor

    Autophinib is a novel potent autophagy inhibitor, inhibiting autophagy induced by starvation or Rapamycin by targeting the lipid kinase VPS34.
  22. tricyclic antidepressant

    Nortriptyline hydrochloride (Desmethylamitriptyline hydrochloride) is a tricyclic antidepressant and the main active metabolite of Amitriptyline, and used to relieve the symptoms of depression.
  23. Lumefantrine, also known as HSDB 7210, is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with artemether for improved efficacy. This combination therapy exerts its effects against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and may be used to treat infections caused by P. falciparum and unidentified Plasmodium species, including infections acquired in chloroquine-resistant areas.
  24. nucleoside analog

    Cytarabine hydrochloride, a nucleoside analog, causes S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits DNA polymerase. Cytarabine inhibits DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 16 nM.
  25. Ambroxol is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus.
  26. CoA reductase inhibitor

    Atorvastatin, (+/-)- is a Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor.
  27. iron chelator

    Deferoxamine mesylate is an iron chelator that binds free iron in a stable complex, preventing it from engaging in chemical reactions.
  28. hepatoprotective agent

    Bicyclol, also known as SY 801, is a hepatoprotective agent. Bicyclol upregulates transcription factor Nrf2, HO-1 expression and protects rat brains against focal ischemia.
  29. PCSK9 antagonist

    SBC-115076 is an anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (anti-PCSK9) compounds, for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
  30. Autophagy Activator

    SMER28 is a small-molecule enhancer (SMER) of autophagy, inducing autophagy independently of rapamycin in mammalian cells.
  31. Autophagy Inhibitor

    Vps34-PIK-III (PIK-III) is a selective inhibitor of VPS34 enzymatic activity.

  32. Autophagy inhibitor

    Lys05 is a potent lysosomal autophagy inhibitor. Lys05 is a previously undescribed dimeric chloroquine which more potently accumulates in the lysosome and blocks autophagy compared with HCQ.
  33. Azithromycin Dihydrate is an acid stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin.
  34. Sevelamer hydrochloride is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease; consists of polyallylamine that is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin.
  35. ULK1 activator

    LYN-1604 is a potential ULK1 agonist with IC50 of 1.66 μM against MDA-MB-231 cells and it binds to wild-type ULK1 with a binding affinity in the nanomole range (Kd=291.4 nM). The ULK1 (Y89A) mutant protein caused a sharp decrease in binding affinity with lower response and Kd than wild-type ULK1, ULK1 (K50A) and ULK1 (L53A) mutants.
  36. ULK1/ULK2 inhibitor

    MRT68921 dihydrochloride is the most potent inhibitor of ULK1 and ULK2, with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively.
  37. lysosomal autophagy inhibitor

    Lys01 trihydrochloride (Lys05) is a novel lysosomal autophagy inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.6, 3.8, 6 and 7.9 μM for 1205Lu, c8161, LN229 and HT-29 cell line in the MTT assay.
  38. Sevelamer is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease; consists of polyallylamine that is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin.
  39. mHTT-LC3 linker compound

    LC3-mHTT-IN-AN1 (Compound AN1) is a mHTT-LC3 linker compound, which interacts with both mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) and LC3B but not with wtHTT or irrelevant control proteins.
  40. dual ULK1/ULK2 autophagy inhibitor

    SBP-7455 is a potent, high affinity and orally active dual ULK1/ULK2 autophagy inhibitor with IC50s of 13 nM and 476 nM in the ADP-Glo assays, respectively.
  41. lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor

    Vacuolin-1 is a potent and cell-permeable lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor.
  42. inhibitor of quinone reductase 2 (QR2)

    S29434 (NMDPEF) is a potent, competitive, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of quinone reductase 2 (QR2), with IC50s ranging from 5 to 16 nM for human QR2 at different organizational levels, and has good selectivity for QR2 over QR1.
  43. ULK1 activator

    LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  44. Autophagy inducer

    Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.
  45. ULK1 activator

    BL-918 is an orally active UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator with an EC50 of 24.14 nM.
  46. antineoplastic agent

    ABTL-0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy. ABTL-0812 is a first-in-class small molecule with anti-cancer activity.
  47. natural pterostilbene analogue

    3'-Hydroxypterostilbene, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells (IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 ?M for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy.
  48. antioxidant agent

    Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl Ferulate, Methyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate) is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, which is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants. It shows the strongest antioxidant activity and can protect against inflammation and cancer.
  49. VPS34 inhibitor

    VPS34 inhibitor 1 (Compound 19, PIK-III analogue) is a potent and selective inhibitor of VPS34 with an IC50 of 15 nM.
  50. anti-tumor agent

    Sophocarpine (monohydrate) is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory.

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