Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Aldose
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a bioactive compound that serves as an intermediate in cellular energy metabolism, specifically targeting aldose in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. It plays a crucial role in converting sugars to energy and in the biosynthesis of glucose. Research applications include the investigation of metabolic disorders and diseases related to sugar metabolism, such as diabetes and cancer. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N1-Acetylspermine trihydrochloride is an endogenous polyamine metabolite that plays a significant role in cellular growth and differentiation. This compound is primarily investigated in the context of leukemia research, where it serves as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. Its involvement in tumor progression and cellular signaling pathways makes it a valuable tool for studies focused on cancer biology and metabolic profiling. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a precursor to pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli. This compound plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which is essential for various metabolic processes. Its application in research includes studies on metabolic pathways and the regulation of pantothenic acid synthesis in microbial systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It serves as a critical substrate in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. This compound is particularly relevant in diabetic research, providing insights into metabolic dysregulation associated with diabetes mellitus. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DL-α-Tocopherol acetate is a derivative of vitamin E that functions as a potent antioxidant. Its primary mechanism involves scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting cellular components from oxidative stress. This compound is widely utilized in research applications related to nutritional studies, cellular biology, and the exploration of oxidative damage in various biological systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride is a metabolite of histamine that primarily targets histamine receptors. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in the modulation of allergic responses and neurotransmission processes. It is widely utilized in research applications focusing on histamine signaling pathways and its role in various physiological and pathological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium dihydrate is an essential endogenous metabolite that serves as a critical intermediate in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and as an end product of its nonoxidative branch. It plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, making it valuable for research applications in cellular metabolism and molecular biology. This compound is crucial for studies focused on metabolic flux and the regulation of nucleotide pools. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylcitric acid is an endogenous metabolite involved in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. Its accumulation is associated with methylmalonic and propionic acidemias, making it a valuable marker metabolite for these conditions. Additionally, 2-methylcitric acid has been shown to significantly inhibit ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria when supported by glutamate, highlighting its potential utility in metabolic research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Succinaldehydic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It plays a significant role in various metabolic pathways and is involved in energy production. This compound has applications in research focused on neurochemistry and metabolic disorders, providing insights into GABAergic signaling and related physiological processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2,6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite crucial for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. This compound plays a significant role in microbial metabolism and can serve as a potential biomarker for the quantification of microbial proteins. Its study is important for understanding bacterial physiology and developing antimicrobial strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Bromopropan-1-ol is an endogenous metabolite that plays a role in reproductive physiology. It is significantly upregulated during the estrus phase in buffaloes, making it a valuable tool for studying estrus-related biological processes. This compound can be utilized in research focused on buffalo reproductive cycles and hormonal regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride functions as a precursor in the biosynthesis of gut flora-dependent N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA). This compound plays a crucial role in metabolic pathways and can be utilized in research focused on microbiota interactions and metabolic profiling. Its involvement in the synthesis of biologically active metabolites makes it a valuable reagent for studies in metabolic health and gut microbiome-related research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
21-Deoxycortisol is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a biomarker for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This compound plays a critical role in the adrenal steroid biosynthesis pathway, and its levels can provide valuable insights into adrenal gland function and steroidogenesis. It is commonly used in clinical research and diagnostics to assess adrenal disorders and hormonal imbalances. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in thrombotic regulation through its antithrombotic properties. It functions by promoting the production and release of prostacyclin, which inhibits the development of arterial thrombosis. This compound is synthesized via the N-methylation of nicotinamide, catalyzed by N-methyltransferase, and plays a crucial role in the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic pathways, making it relevant for research in cardiovascular health and metabolic processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyestradiol is an endogenous metabolite of estradiol that acts as a potent estrogen receptor antagonist. This compound exhibits carcinogenic properties and demonstrates mutagenic activity in breast epithelial cells, indicating its role in cellular transformation processes. Its competitive inhibition of estradiol binding to the estrogen receptor, with a Ki value of 0.48 nM, makes it a valuable tool for studying estrogen-related pathways and breast cancer biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Diclofenac acyl glucuronide (D-1-O-G) is an endogenous metabolite that results from the conjugation of diclofenac. This compound plays a significant role in the pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is implicated in gastrointestinal toxicity, particularly small intestinal ulceration in rat models. It serves as a valuable tool for studying drug metabolism and the effects of NSAIDs on the digestive system in research applications. -
Fungal Metabolites
O-Methylsterigmatocystin is a mycotoxin derived from the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It primarily acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, which can lead to cytotoxic effects in various biological systems. This compound is commonly used in research to study fungal metabolites, mycotoxin biosynthesis, and their impact on human health and the environment. -
Fungal Metabolite
(3S,5S)-Octahydrocurcumin, a fungal metabolite derived from Curcuma longa, functions as a potent antioxidant. This compound exhibits significant biological activity, particularly in modulating oxidative stress pathways. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool in research focused on inflammation, neuroprotection, and the therapeutic potential of curcumin derivatives. -
Endogenous Metabolites
Dipropyl disulfide serves as a substrate for flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the oxidative formation of dipropyl thiosulfinate (DPDSO) via rat microsomes. This compound is metabolized to key metabolites, including propylglutathione sulfide conjugate and propylthiol, making it valuable for exploring mechanisms of sulfur metabolism and detoxification pathways. Its applications extend to research in drug metabolism and the study of endogenous metabolites in various biological systems. -
Fungal Metabolite
6',7'-Epoxybergamottin is a fungal metabolite derived from Penicillium digitatum, primarily known for its role in inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 activity. This compound exhibits significant biological activity relevant to pharmaceutical research, particularly in drug metabolism and potential interactions. Its application in enzymatic studies can aid in understanding the dynamics of drug interactions and the impact of fungal metabolites on human health. -
Endogenous metabolite
11,12-DiHETE is an endogenous metabolite formed through cytochrome P450-mediated epoxide formation followed by epoxide hydrolase activity. This compound plays a critical role in various biological processes and has been implicated in inflammatory responses. Its research applications include studies on metabolic pathways, cardiovascular function, and the physiological effects of eicosanoids. -
Endogenous Metabolite
17(R)-HETE is an endogenous metabolite derived from arachidonic acid via cytochrome P-450 pathways. This compound is known for its role in promoting cardiac hypertrophy, although it demonstrates lower efficacy compared to its isomer, 17(S)-HETE. It serves as a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular biology and the mechanisms of cardiac muscle remodeling. -
Endogenous Metabolite
O-Nornuciferine is an aporphine-type alkaloid derived from lotus leaf that acts as a potent inhibitor of the hERG channel. This endogenous metabolite is significant in the study of cardiac ion channels and provides insights into drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Its biological activity makes it a valuable reagent in pharmacological research and safety assessments. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Minoxidil hydrochloride is an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener with significant vasodilatory properties. Its primary applications include use as a potent oral antihypertensive agent and in promoting hair growth. Additionally, Minoxidil hydrochloride exhibits inhibitory activity against soybean lipoxygenase, with an IC50 value of 20 μM, making it valuable for research in cardiovascular and dermatological studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, acts as an endogenous biomarker for tobacco exposure. This alkaloid exhibits vasodepressor activity and has demonstrated antiproliferative effects when combined with nicotine against conditions such as pterygium. Additionally, (S)-(-)-Cotinine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in a calcium-dependent manner, facilitating dopamine release. Due to its diverse biological activities, cotinine is employed in research focused on cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Estradiol 3-sulfate 17-glucuronide potassium is an endogenous metabolite derived from estradiol, specifically targeting the multidrug resistance protein (MRP). It is known to inhibit MRP-mediated transport of 17β-Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 22 μM. This compound is useful in studying the pharmacokinetics of estrogenic compounds and understanding their role in hormone metabolism and transport mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous long-chain acylcarnitine that serves as a modulator of glycine transport. It exhibits inhibitory activity on the GlyT2 receptor, reducing glycine responses by 16.8% at concentrations up to 3 μM. This compound is of interest in research focusing on neurotransmitter regulation and metabolic processes related to acylcarnitines. -
Endogenous Metabolite
24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in cholesterol homeostasis within the brain. As a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), 24S-OHC functions through a unique mechanism distinct from other allosteric modulators. Its high levels in both the brain and circulation make it a valuable tool for research into neurological functions and disorders related to cholesterol metabolism and synaptic transmission. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite involved in the metabolic pathways of L-valine and thymine. It serves as a mediator in endothelial cell fatty acid transport and has implications in insulin resistance. Additionally, this compound can inhibit key enzymes involved in energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex of young rats. Elevated levels of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid sodium are associated with conditions such as 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, diabetes, and ketoacidosis, making it a significant target for research on metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite associated with metabolic pathways related to succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. This compound is typically undetectable in normal human urine but is found in elevated levels in affected individuals. It serves as a valuable biomarker for metabolic disorders and can aid in the study of neurological conditions linked to enzyme deficiencies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
hLTA4H/hLTA4S-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor targeting human leukotriene hydrolase (hLTA4H) and human leukotriene C4 synthase (hLTC4S). This compound effectively disrupts the leukotriene biosynthesis pathway, making it valuable for studying inflammatory responses at the cellular level. hLTA4H/hLTA4S-IN-1 serves as a useful tool for research focused on leukotriene-related diseases and inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Stearo-3-linolein is a diacylglycerol featuring stearic acid at the sn-1 position and linoleic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound serves as an endogenous metabolite with implications in lipid metabolism and signaling pathways. It is utilized in research to study the roles of diacylglycerols in cellular processes and their effects on various biochemical pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
14β,16β-Dihydroxy-3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5α-bufa-20,22-dienolide is an endogenous metabolite characterized by its butadiene lactone structure. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in various metabolic pathways, making it a valuable tool for research in life sciences. Its potential applications include studying metabolic processes and exploring molecular interactions in biological systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
AP219 is a control compound featuring a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium scaffold, specifically designed for research applications involving endogenous metabolites. While AP219 does not release hydrogen sulfide (H2S), it serves as a valuable tool for studying the effects of H2S in mitochondrial processes when used alongside H2S-releasing compounds like AP39. This compound can aid in elucidating the role of mitochondrial H2S in cellular biology and its potential implications in various disease models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
KRP-109 is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE), demonstrating significant activity in mitigating lung inflammation. In mouse models, KRP-109 has been shown to enhance survival rates and decrease neutrophil accumulation within the alveolar walls. This compound effectively reduces cell and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as lowers levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β and macrophage inflammatory protein 2. KRP-109 is valuable for research focused on severe pneumonia and associated inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1,2-Dinonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a specific phosphatidylcholine, influencing membrane dynamics through its unique fatty acyl configurations. This phospholipid plays a crucial role in membrane composition and is essential for the generation of eicosanoids. Its structure, with fatty acids linked to glycerol at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions via ester bonds, positions it as an important reagent for studying lipid signaling and membrane biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-(Stearoyloxy)propane-1,2-diyl dioleate is a triacylglycerol derivative characterized by oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, while stearic acid occupies the sn-3 position. This endogenous metabolite is found in various plant oils, including sunflower, corn, and soybean oils, as well as ostrich oil. Its unique structure and fatty acid composition make it valuable for studies in lipid metabolism, cellular signaling, and the exploration of dietary fats in nutritional research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Rofleponide epimer is an endogenous metabolite that targets glucocorticoid receptors, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory activity. It demonstrates high selectivity for lung tissues and effectively binds to the rat thymic glucocorticoid receptor, reinforcing its pharmacological efficacy. Additionally, Rofleponide epimer has a biotransformation rate that is ten times greater than that of similar compounds, highlighting its potential for therapeutic applications in managing inflammatory diseases affecting mucosal surfaces. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Pitstop 1 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the endocytic pathway. It effectively disrupts the interaction between chaperones and the Krasin terminal domain, leading to altered Krasin functionality. This compound demonstrates potent biological activity by inhibiting Krasin-mediated signaling and is valuable in research applications focused on viral entry and pathogen interactions with host cells. -
Endogenous Metabolite
MK-6186 is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that demonstrates sub-nanomolar activity against wild-type viruses and common NNRTI-resistant RT mutants, including K103N and Y181C. This compound exhibits significant antiviral efficacy, particularly against K103N and Y181C mutant strains. When evaluated against 12 common NNRTI-associated mutant viruses, MK-6186 shows minimal resistance, with most viral strains demonstrating fold change values below 10. In clinical virus isolates harboring NNRTI-resistant mutations, a majority exhibit significantly reduced resistance to MK-6186 compared to other treatments. This positions MK-6186 as a promising candidate for research focused on combating NNRTI-resistant HIV strains. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate (D-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4) functions primarily as an endogenous metabolite involved in cellular signaling pathways. This compound exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on calcium-activated chloride channels, effectively operating at concentrations of 8-10 μM. It is commonly utilized in research applications focused on signal transduction and ion channel regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Myristoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol composed of myristic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. This compound is recognized as an endogenous metabolite and is naturally occurring in mature human milk, infant formula fats, and butterfat. It plays a significant role in lipid metabolism and can be utilized in research focused on nutrition, fat digestion, and developmental studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol is an endogenous metabolite primarily isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L. This compound exhibits potential biological activity relevant to various biochemical pathways. It serves as a valuable tool in research focused on the metabolic profiles of plant-derived substances and their implications in pharmacological studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(S)-Pomalidomide is an angiogenesis-inhibiting compound that targets endogenous metabolites to exhibit significant growth-inhibitory effects on B-cell tumors. It has demonstrated the capacity to induce complete tumor regression in Burkitt lymphoma cells, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Additionally, (S)-Pomalidomide functions as an immunomodulator, with potential applications in the treatment of hematological malignancies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
12-OxoETE is an endogenous metabolite that functions primarily through leukotriene B4 receptors, eliciting a rapid, dose-dependent increase in cytoplasmic free calcium levels. This compound is valuable in research focusing on calcium signaling pathways and the roles of eicosanoids in cellular responses. Its effects on calcium mobilization make it a useful tool for studying inflammatory processes and leukocyte activation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin F2α is an oxidative metabolite of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, functioning as an endogenous metabolite. This compound plays a significant role in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases by providing insights into the biological effects of oxidative damage on cellular pathways. Its applications extend to research on various pathological conditions influenced by oxidative stress, helping to deepen the understanding of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. -
Fungal Metabolite
tert-Pentylbenzene is a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon identified as a fungal metabolite. It can be isolated from the saprophytic fungus Memnoniella sp. This compound is of interest in research applications focused on fungal biochemistry and metabolic profiling, contributing insights into fungal metabolite diversity and ecological roles. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hepaxanthin, also known as 5,6-Monoepoxy vitamin A or 5,6-Epoxyretinol, is an endogenous metabolite derived from 5,6-monoepoxyvitamin A aldehyde. While it is considered an inactive carotenoid, its accumulation in the liver suggests potential roles in metabolic pathways related to vitamin A metabolism. This compound can be utilized in research studying vitamin A derivatives and their impact on liver function. -
Endogenous Metabolite Inhibitor
NADH-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of Type II NADH dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the electron transport chain and cellular respiration. By selectively targeting this enzyme, NADH-IN-2 can modulate metabolic processes and influence energy production in cells. This compound is useful in research applications investigating bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Stearoyl-2-adrenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid characterized by the presence of stearic acid and adrenic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. This endogenous metabolite has been shown to demonstrate an inverse correlation with age in mitochondria extracted from human post-mortem hippocampus, suggesting its potential role in age-related mitochondrial function. It serves as a valuable tool for research into lipid metabolism and neuronal health.
