Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
Succinyl phosphonate is a selective inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). It effectively inhibits KGDHC activity in various cell types including muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts, demonstrating distinct effects on cell viability influenced by metabolic conditions in cancer cells. Additionally, succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is known to reduce glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons, making it a valuable tool for studies in metabolic pathways and neurotoxicity. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine is an endogenous dipeptide resulting from the linkage of cysteine and glycine. It serves as a crucial metabolic intermediate, primarily produced by the degradation of glutathione. Cysteinylglycine functions in redox processes by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducing oxidative stress, which can lead to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Its potential as a biomarker makes it valuable for assessing ischemic heart disease, breast cancer, and other pathological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Guanine hydrochloride is a purine derivative that serves as a vital component of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. With its fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system and conjugated double bonds, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism and genetic information transfer. This compound can potentially function as a significant nitrogen reservoir, making it valuable for various biochemical research applications, including studies of nucleic acid structure and metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine TFA is a dipeptide formed by the linkage of cysteine and glycine, serving as an important endogenous metabolite. This compound plays a crucial role in the redox cycling of iron by reducing trivalent iron to divalent iron, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Cysteinylglycine TFA has potential applications as a biomarker for various conditions, including ischemic heart disease and breast cancer, making it valuable for research in metabolic and oxidative stress-related studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
9,10-EpOME (9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid) is a cytochrome P450-derived metabolite of linoleic acid. It is known to induce oxidative stress by activating the NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors and facilitates the chemotaxis of human neutrophils. Additionally, 9,10-EpOME has been shown to induce mechanical and thermal pain in wild-type mice via the PKA pathway. This compound is useful for investigating mechanisms of inflammation and pain in research settings. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycodeoxycholic Acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in hepatic physiology. It has been shown to induce hepatocyte necrosis and initiate autophagy, particularly in conditions such as obstructive cholestasis. This compound is essential for studying liver pathology and can be utilized in research focused on cholestatic liver diseases and cellular response mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Gluconic acid is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a carboxylic acid, exhibiting notable antiseptic and chelating properties. This reagent is used in various biological research applications, including studies of metabolic pathways and chelation dynamics, and has potential utility in the development of therapeutic agents. Its role in cellular processes makes it a valuable tool for researchers investigating metabolic disorders and biochemical interactions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II, human is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of proglucagon, primarily synthesized by intestinal L cells. It plays a crucial role in promoting intestinal mucosal growth and inhibiting enterocyte apoptosis. This peptide is valuable in research focused on gastrointestinal health, metabolism, and potential therapeutic applications in intestinal disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Desmosterol is a cholesterol precursor involved in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. As an endogenous metabolite, it plays a critical role in the study of cholesterol metabolism. Desmosterol functions as a liver X receptor (LXR) activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can mitigate macrophage inflammasome activation, thereby reducing vascular inflammation and the risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, lower levels of Desmosterol can lead to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through pyrin domain mechanisms. This compound is valuable for research focused on inflammation, metabolic processes, and cardiovascular diseases. -
Fungal Metabolite
Fusarochromanone, a fungal metabolite, primarily targets the JNK signaling pathway. It exhibits significant anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties, likely mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound is valuable in cancer research and therapeutic development, particularly in studies focusing on angiogenesis and oxidative stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Moracin M is a phenolic compound derived from Mori Cortex that acts as a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and related signaling pathways. Its potential applications include studying the role of PDE inhibition in various disease models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Meglutol is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a lipid-lowering agent by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It effectively reduces levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, serum β-lipoprotein, and phospholipids. Additionally, Meglutol is noted for inducing significant lipid oxidative damage in brain tissue, making it a valuable tool for research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Chenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that predominantly activates farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor integral to cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis. This compound plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism and has been implicated in therapeutic applications related to metabolic disorders, particularly in studies investigating the modulation of bile acid signaling pathways. Its ability to influence liver function and glucose metabolism makes it a valuable reagent in biological research focused on metabolic regulation and associated pathologies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), thereby suggesting its role in inflammatory processes. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research in the context of atherosclerosis and related inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Ethyl glucuronide is an endogenous metabolite of ethanol, serving as a reliable biomarker for alcohol exposure. It accumulates in hair, providing a measure of alcohol intake over extended periods. Additionally, ethyl glucuronide acts as an agonist for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), making it relevant in studies of inflammatory responses and alcohol metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that serves as an endogenous metabolite. It has been shown to induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells. This compound is commonly utilized to establish a cell steatosis model, making it valuable for research into metabolic disorders and related cellular mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitic acid calcium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that functions as an endogenous metabolite. It stimulates the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells, contributing to cellular stress response mechanisms. This compound is essential for establishing cell steatosis models, facilitating research into fatty acid metabolism and related metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-1(Z)-Octadecenyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (18:0p/22:6-PE) is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a key structural component in cellular membranes. This lipid, identified in rat brain tissue through mass spectrometry imaging, exhibits unique structural and distribution properties. It has implications in research focused on lipid metabolism and neurobiology, facilitating the exploration of fatty acid chain isomers and their roles in physiological processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite identified in urine that plays a significant role in biological processes. It is utilized in research related to autism, aiding in the investigation of metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers. This compound may provide insights into the biochemical alterations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
PG 9 maleate is an endogenous metabolite that primarily enhances central cholinergic transmission, resulting in analgesic effects. This compound demonstrates protective activity against memory loss induced by agents such as scopolamine and dicyclomine within a defined dosage range. Notably, PG 9 maleate exhibits significant selectivity for the M4/M1 receptor subtypes, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying its analgesic and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, it promotes acetylcholine release, thereby enhancing its overall biological efficacy. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Prosulfocarb is an effective herbicide that targets selective weed species in winter cereals. Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids in plants. This compound is instrumental in managing biotic resistance among weed populations, contributing to more effective agricultural practices. Research applications include studies on environmental impact, residue transfer, and the volatility effects that influence contamination patterns in target and non-target areas. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Thioetheramide-PC (1-Palmitylthio-2-palmitoylamido-1,2-dideoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) is a modified phospholipid that serves as a competitive, reversible inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). With an IC50 value of 2 μM at a substrate concentration of 0.5 mM, Thioetheramide-PC interacts with both the catalytic and activation sites of the enzyme, exhibiting tighter binding to the activation site. This unique dual interaction may facilitate phospholipase activation at low concentrations, making Thioetheramide-PC a valuable tool for studying sPLA2-related biological processes and mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
AZD-3199 is an ultra-long-acting beta2 adrenergic agonist primarily targeting the beta2 adrenergic receptor. It exhibits significant bronchodilator activity, making it a candidate for therapeutic use in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research. Its prolonged action facilitates investigations into novel treatment strategies for managing these respiratory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Dabrafenib carboxylic acid is the carboxylate metabolite of dabrafenib, primarily functioning as an endogenous metabolite. This compound retains the capacity to modulate signaling pathways associated with MAPK/ERK pathway alterations. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the pharmacokinetics and biological effects of dabrafenib in cancer research, particularly in the context of melanoma and other tumors with BRAF mutations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Ranelic acid is an endogenous metabolite with metal cation chelating activity. It plays a vital role in the inhibition of osteoporosis and the enhancement of bone mineral density. Additionally, derivatives of ranelic acid display complex and highly substituted thiophene ring structures, providing potential avenues for further research in bone health and related metabolic pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
KBP-5493 is an endogenous metabolite that can be detected in biological fluids such as urine and plasma. This compound plays a significant role in metabolic pathways and may provide insights into various physiological processes. Its detection is essential for research applications in metabolomics and biomarker discovery. -
Fungal Metabolite
Stephacidin B is a fungal metabolite that exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against various human tumor cell lines. Notably, it demonstrates the strongest cytotoxic effects against testosterone-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells. This compound can be utilized in cancer research applications to explore therapeutic strategies and mechanisms of action related to prostate cancer. -
Endogenous Metabolite
SU9518 is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGFRα, demonstrating significant anti-fibrotic properties. This compound effectively inhibits the progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in rabbit models involving fibroblasts and Müller cells, showing promising results without discernible toxicity. SU9518 holds potential for therapeutic applications in PVR and other proliferative ocular disorders characterized by fibrosis and gliosis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
PF-05387252 is a potent and selective inhibitor of IRAK4, effectively targeting endogenous Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as psoriasis. While PF-05387252 has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation in animal studies, its effectiveness in clinical settings for psoriasis has yet to be established. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Darexaban maleate is a direct factor Xa inhibitor, primarily utilized in the research of venous thromboembolism prevention. Its major metabolite, Darexaban glucitol, exhibits pharmacological activity and is formed in the human liver and intestine via UGT1A9 and UGT1A10-mediated glucitolation. The glucitolation exhibits a K(m) value greater than 250 μM in the liver, while in the intestine, it displays substrate inhibition kinetics with a K(m) of 27.3 μM. The presence of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin significantly lowers the unbound K(m) values in human liver microsomes and UGT1A9. -
Endogenous Metabolite
13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate is an endogenous metabolite and a geometrical isomer of vitamin A palmitate. Exhibiting approximately 75% of the biological activity of all-trans-vitamins A palmitate, this compound is crucial in various physiological processes, including vision and cellular differentiation. It serves as an important research tool in studies focused on retinoid metabolism and its implications in health and disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
α-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an antitumor agent that primarily targets DNA by alkylating and cross-linking its structure, thereby inhibiting DNA replication. This compound demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects and maintains stability in fresh human plasma and whole blood, indicating favorable biocompatibility. Metabolism predominantly occurs in rat liver via an NADPH-independent pathway, and the complexity of its metabolic processes allows for a partial restoration of cytotoxicity under specific conditions. Its properties make α-Triglycidyl isocyanurate a valuable reagent for cancer research and therapeutic studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-linoleoylglycerol is a triacylglycerol characterized by the presence of palmitic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and linoleic acid at the sn-2 position. This compound serves as an endogenous metabolite involved in various biological processes, including cellular signaling and lipid metabolism. It is relevant for research applications focused on lipid biochemistry, metabolism studies, and the exploration of membrane dynamics. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitoleic acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and cell signaling. This fatty acid has been shown to possess potential neuroprotective effects, particularly in the context of cerebrovascular disorders. It is utilized in research for its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways and support cardiovascular health, making it a valuable tool for studies related to metabolic disease and stroke prevention. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Atrazine mercapturate is an endogenous metabolite of the herbicide Atrazine, detectable in urinary samples. This compound serves as a reliable biomarker for confirming human exposure to Atrazine, facilitating research into its environmental and health impacts. Its detection is critical for studies on herbicide metabolism and toxicity in various populations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Circumdatin A is an endogenous metabolite isolated from a fungal culture, characterized through detailed NMR spectral analysis. It exhibits potential biological activities that are currently being investigated in various research applications, particularly in the fields of biochemistry and natural product chemistry. Its unique structural attributes may contribute to understanding metabolic pathways and fungal biosynthesis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily associated with the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is notably excreted at elevated levels in individuals with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. This compound serves as a valuable biomarker for diagnostic research and metabolic studies related to GABAergic dysfunction and neurological disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
PMPMEase-IN-2 is an inhibitor of polyprenylated protein methylesterase, targeting the regulation of polyprenylated protein metabolism. This regulation is crucial for maintaining normal cellular function and survival, with dysregulation linked to degenerative diseases and cancer. PMPMEase-IN-2 holds potential applications in cancer research, providing a specific approach for investigating the modulation of polyprenylated protein pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Uridine 5'-triphosphate tris salt acts primarily as an endogenous metabolite involved in cellular energy transfer and nucleotide synthesis. It plays critical roles in RNA synthesis and is essential for various biochemical pathways, including signal transduction and cellular metabolism. This reagent is widely utilized in research applications such as studying nucleoside triphosphate dynamics and investigating metabolic processes in cell biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Triflusulfuron-methyl is a selective herbicide that acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), which is crucial for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. It demonstrates significant biological activity in controlling specific weed species by disrupting their growth and development. This compound is commonly used in agricultural research to study herbicide resistance mechanisms and assess crop safety against ALS inhibitors. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Moperone hydrochloride is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D2 receptor. It demonstrates significant biological activity in modulating dopaminergic neurotransmission, making it valuable in the research of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and other dopamine-related conditions. This compound is essential for studies aimed at understanding the role of dopamine in mental health and the development of antipsychotic therapies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
sEH-IN-12 is a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that effectively blocks its activity. This compound demonstrates strong biological activity and has been utilized in the construction and selection of small molecule libraries. The development of sEH-IN-12 offers a valuable tool for drug discovery efforts aimed at targeting sEH for therapeutic interventions. -
Fungal Metabolite
Aculene A is a norsesquiterpene derived from the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, primarily targeting fungal metabolic pathways. It exhibits significant biological activity, making it valuable for research applications in mycology and natural product studies. Aculene A may serve as a lead compound for investigating fungal interactions and the development of antifungal agents. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Neogen, also known as Jadinol PU, is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in immune system restoration and hematopoiesis. It demonstrates significant activity in supporting the recovery of immune functions following cytotoxic treatments. This compound is particularly useful in research focused on improving outcomes for patients undergoing chemotherapy. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Antiarrhythmic agent-3 is an endogenous metabolite that enhances the efficacy of antiarrhythmic treatments while improving the inhibition index. Its antiarrhythmic properties are associated with its hydrophobicity, reflected in its log P value. Additionally, its potential central nervous system toxicity is linked to the interplay between its hydrophobic characteristics and acid constant (pKa). This compound is primarily utilized in research related to cardiac rhythm management and toxicity studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
12-Oxo-leukotriene B4 is an endogenous metabolite and an important intermediate in the lipoxygenase-catalyzed metabolism of arachidonic acid. This compound plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and is involved in inflammatory responses. It stimulates intracellular calcium levels in human neutrophils with an EC50 of 33 nM and promotes neutrophil migration with an EC50 of 170 nM. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and immune response studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(2R)-Pasireotide (diaspartate) is a potent somatostatin analog with a primary mechanism of action targeting somatostatin receptor 5 (SST5). It demonstrates a 40-fold higher affinity for SST5 compared to other somatostatin analogs, making it a valuable tool for studying somatostatin signaling pathways. This compound is primarily used in research applications focused on neuroendocrine tumors and other conditions influenced by somatostatin receptor activity. -
Endogenous Metabolite
C24:1 1-Deoxyceramide (m18:1/24:1(15Z)) is an endogenous metabolite characterized by a long-chain fatty acid (24:1) linked to a 1-deoxysphingoid backbone. This lipid molecule accumulates in conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, contributing to cellular toxicity due to its inability to be further metabolized into complex sphingolipids. Research applications include studies of lipid metabolism, obesity, and the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, particularly in differentiated adipocytes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-trans Prostaglandin F2α is an endogenous metabolite with a significant role in cardiovascular physiology. It is primarily involved in the modulation of vascular tone and plays a critical role in inflammatory responses. This compound is essential for researching myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular disorders as it provides insights into the underlying metabolic and physiological mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Propane-1,2,3-triyl tritricosanoate is a triacylglycerol that serves as an internal standard for the quantification of fatty acids. It contains tricosanoic acid at all three acyl positions and has applications in studying the triglyceride component of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) cultured in media supplemented with stearic and/or oleic acid. This reagent is essential for accurately assessing lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in complex biological systems.
