Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Norgestimate metabolite norelgestromin-d6 is a deuterium-labeled form of norelgestromin, a metabolite of the synthetic progestin Norgestimate. This stable isotope serves as a valuable tool in click chemistry applications, particularly in the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reaction with azide-containing molecules. Its use facilitates targeted drug delivery and biomolecular labeling studies in pharmaceutical and biochemical research.

7-Hydroxymethotrexate-d3 is an isotope-labeled derivative of 7-Hydroxymethotrexate, a significant metabolite of Methotrexate. This compound serves as a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, thereby obstructing the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate and subsequently hindering DNA synthesis. It is applicable in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, providing insights into the metabolism of antifolate agents in various biological systems.

N-desmethyl Netupitant-d6 is a deuterium-labeled metabolite of Netupitant, serving as a valuable isotope-labeled compound. This reagent is useful in pharmacokinetic studies, enabling the tracing of metabolic pathways and enhancing the understanding of drug metabolism. Its application extends to research involving the analysis of antiemetic activity and the development of nausea and vomiting treatment protocols.

Glyoxal-d2 is a deuterium-labeled form of glyoxal, which functions as a cytotoxic α-oxoaldehyde. It is known to induce cellular damage and facilitate the glycation of proteins, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This compound is valuable for research into oxidative stress-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, cataracts, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as the study of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.

7-Hydroxy Quetiapine-d8 is a deuterated analog of 7-Hydroxyquetiapine, the principal active metabolite of the antipsychotic drug Quetiapine. This stable isotope is essential for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling of Quetiapine in biological samples. It enables precise measurement and tracking of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics in research applications.

6-O-Desmethyl donepezil-d7 is a deuterated stable isotope of 6-O-Desmethyl donepezil, primarily utilized as a tracer in pharmacokinetic studies. This compound serves as an important analytical tool for investigating the metabolism and bioavailability of donepezil-related compounds. Its unique labeling allows for enhanced detection in various analytical techniques, aiding research in cognitive enhancement and Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

Monobutyl phosphate-d9 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Monobutyl phosphate. It serves as a valuable tool for studying metabolic pathways and the biological effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a compound known for its antiandrogenic properties. This reagent is useful in pharmacokinetic and toxicological research, aiding in the elucidation of DBP’s metabolism and its impact on endocrine functions.

p,p'-DDD-13C12 is a stable isotope-labeled form of p,p'-DDD, a primary metabolite of p,p'-DDT. This compound is valuable for tracking metabolic pathways and biotransformation studies in research involving halogenated insecticides. Its presence can be analyzed in biological samples, such as feces and liver tissues, to better understand the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of p,p'-DDT exposure in experimental models.

L-Arginine-13C6,15N4 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine, featuring six carbon-13 and four nitrogen-15 isotopes. This compound serves as a critical nitrogen donor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide, a vital vasodilator whose deficiency can occur during sickle cell crisis. L-Arginine-13C6,15N4 hydrochloride is valuable for research applications involving metabolic studies, tracer experiments, and the exploration of nitric oxide's role in vascular physiology.

L-Arginine-13C6 hydrochloride is a stable isotopically labeled form of L-Arginine, serving as a nitrogen donor for nitric oxide synthesis. Nitric oxide plays a critical role in vascular function and is particularly important in contexts such as vascular biology and diseases including sickle cell crises. This reagent is valuable for metabolic studies and tracer experiments that seek to explore the pathways and effects of nitric oxide in physiological and pathophysiological processes.

L-Arginine-15N4 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine, serving as a nitrogen donor in the synthesis of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide functions as a potent vasodilator, which may be particularly beneficial in addressing deficits observed during sickle cell crises. This reagent is valuable for research applications in cardiovascular studies and the investigation of metabolic pathways related to nitric oxide production.

L-Arginine-d7 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled form of L-Arginine hydrochloride, serving as a stable isotope for analytical studies. This compound acts as a nitrogen donor in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide, a critical vasodilator whose levels may decrease during sickle cell crises. It is utilized in metabolic research, particularly in studies investigating nitric oxide pathways and vascular function.

L-Arginine-13C hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of L-Arginine hydrochloride. This compound serves as a nitrogen donor in the synthesis of nitric oxide, a critical vasodilator involved in various physiological processes. L-Arginine-13C hydrochloride is particularly useful in metabolic studies and research applications related to cardiovascular health, particularly in conditions such as sickle cell disease where nitric oxide production may be compromised.

Asymmetric-dimethylarginine-d6 dihydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of Asymmetric-dimethylarginine. This compound serves as an important tool for metabolic studies and mass spectrometry applications, enabling precise quantification of Asymmetric-dimethylarginine levels in biological samples. Its use in research contributes to the understanding of nitric oxide synthesis and endothelial function.

L-Arginine-1,2-13C2 hydrochloride is a stable isotopically labeled form of L-Arginine, serving as a nitrogen donor in nitric oxide synthesis. Nitric oxide functions as a potent vasodilator and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. This reagent is valuable for metabolic studies and research applications involving nitric oxide pathways, particularly in the context of vascular health and disorders such as sickle cell disease.

L-Arginine-15N2 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine, functioning primarily as a nitrogen donor in biological systems. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of nitric oxide, a key vasodilator implicated in various physiological processes. This reagent is particularly valuable for research applications focusing on nitric oxide metabolism and related cardiovascular studies, especially in conditions such as sickle cell crisis where nitric oxide bioavailability may be compromised.

L-Arginine-1-13C hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine hydrochloride, serving as a nitrogen donor for nitric oxide synthesis. Nitric oxide acts as a potent vasodilator and is essential for various physiological processes. This reagent is particularly useful in metabolic and cardiovascular research, helping to elucidate the role of nitric oxide in conditions such as sickle cell disease and other vascular dysfunctions.

7-Ethoxyresorufin-d5 is a deuterated form of 7-Ethoxyresorufin, serving as a stable isotope for analytical applications. This compound acts as a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, predominantly targeting CYP1A1. Additionally, 7-Ethoxyresorufin-d5 demonstrates inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide synthase, making it a valuable tool for research in pharmacology and toxicology, particularly in studies involving drug metabolism and enzymatic activity.

L-Arginine-13C6,15N4,d7 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine, characterized by its deuterium, 13C, and 15N isotopic substitutions. This compound serves as a critical nitrogen donor in nitric oxide synthesis, which plays a significant role in vascular function and is essential during sickle cell crises. Its applications extend to metabolic studies, tracer experiments, and investigations into nitric oxide-related pathophysiology.

6-Biopterin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled form of 6-Biopterin, a pterin derivative that serves as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This stable isotope is valuable for metabolic studies and tracer experiments in research involving nitric oxide production and related pathways. Researchers can utilize 6-Biopterin-d3 to investigate the role of NOS in various physiological and pathological processes, enhancing understanding of disorders linked to nitric oxide dysregulation.

Agmatine-d8 sulfate is a deuterium-labeled analog of Agmatine sulfate. It functions as a stable isotope for research applications, modulating various molecular targets including neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, and nitric oxide synthesis. This compound acts as an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptors and serves as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, making it valuable for studies exploring neurobiology, cardiovascular health, and metabolic regulation.

Estetrol-d4 (Major) is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Estetrol, a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator primarily synthesized by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. Estetrol demonstrates affinity for estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, enhancing eNOS expression and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. Its estrogenic effects are noted in the endometrium and central nervous system, while exhibiting antagonistic properties in breast tissue. This reagent is valuable in research applications involving contraception and menopausal hormone therapy studies.

Ticlopidine-d4 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Ticlopidine, an antithrombotic agent that functions as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme CD39, exhibiting an IC50 of 81.7 μM. Additionally, Ticlopidine-d4 inhibits multiple NTPDase isoenzymes, with IC50 values of 170 μM for NTPDase2 and 149 μM for NTPDase3. It also serves as an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, with respective IC50 values of 26.0 μM and 32.3 μM. This reagent is valuable for studying the pharmacodynamics and metabolism of Ticlopidine in biochemical research.

Limaprost-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Limaprost, which targets prostaglandin E1 pathways. This stable isotope functions as a potent vasodilator, enhancing blood flow and inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is primarily utilized in research applications focused on pain relief, antianginal effects, and the study of ischemic symptoms.

Lathosterol-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of lathosterol, a plant sterol that functions similarly to cholesterol. This stable isotope is valuable in biological studies, notably for investigating its role in enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Lathosterol has demonstrated hepatoprotective properties in models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury, making it a vital reagent for research into lipid metabolism and liver health.

Imidazole-15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of imidazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound. It serves as a valuable tool in metabolic studies and tracing experiments due to its nitrogen-15 labeling. Imidazole and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and xanthine oxidase, as well as properties such as antifungal, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, imidazole derivatives have shown promise in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro enzyme, highlighting their potential applications in research related to Alzheimer's disease, gout, COVID-19, and thromboembolic disorders.

Robenacoxib-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Robenacoxib, functioning as a stable isotope internal standard. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to provide accurate quantification of drug levels in biological samples. Its incorporation of deuterium enhances the reliability of analytical methods such as LC-MS, facilitating detailed investigation of Robenacoxib metabolism and bioavailability.

Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Sinapyl alcohol. As an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent, it is known to decrease the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and mechanistic investigations in inflammation research.

Etoricoxib-d3 is a deuterated form of Etoricoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM, while exhibiting negligible inhibition of COX-1 at 116 μM in human whole blood. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and tracing studies in chemical research. Its unique isotopic signature enhances the detection and quantitation of Etoricoxib in biological samples.

Aceclofenac-d4 is the deuterated form of Aceclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. This stable isotope is primarily used in research to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of Aceclofenac. Applications include studies related to osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis, facilitating a deeper understanding of NSAID action in inflammatory conditions.

3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. This compound has been shown to significantly enhance cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, making it relevant for studies on thyroid hormone metabolism and its physiological effects. It is suitable for applications in metabolic research and tracer studies involving thyroid hormone dynamics.

Lornoxicam-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Lornoxicam, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This stable isotope-labeled compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, allowing for precise tracking of Lornoxicam in biological systems. Its application in research enhances the understanding of its pharmacological profile and therapeutic potential as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled metabolite of Ibuprofen, which primarily inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, showing IC50 values of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively. This reagent facilitates quantitative analysis in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, allowing researchers to accurately track the metabolic pathways of Ibuprofen and its derivatives. Its stable isotope labeling enhances the sensitivity and specificity of various analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry.

Ampyrone-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ampyrone, a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). It enhances optical transmittance in mouse skin and other tissues by inducing tissue refractive index matching through improved UV absorption, thereby facilitating tissue transparency in vivo. Additionally, Ampyrone-d3 exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2 and is involved in mitigating DNA damage, apoptosis, and immune cell phagocytosis during chemotherapy with agents such as Doxorubicin and Cisplatin. This compound is valuable for research in optical imaging and cancer therapeutics.

Phenylbutazone-d9 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Phenylbutazone, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). This compound exhibits significant hepatotoxicity and is known to induce the expression of muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1). Phenylbutazone-d9 is valuable for research applications focused on ankylosing spondylitis and related inflammatory conditions, as well as for studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics involving stable isotope labeling.

Valdecoxib-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Valdecoxib, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), exhibiting an IC50 of 5 nM against COX-2 and significantly less activity at 140 μM for COX-1. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, offering insights into the metabolic pathways and biological effects of COX-2 inhibition. Valdecoxib-d3 is particularly useful in research related to inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and pain management.

Celecoxib-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Desmethyl Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor exhibiting an IC50 of approximately 32 nM. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for research applications in inflammation and pain management. Celecoxib-d4 serves as a useful stable isotope for metabolic studies, enabling tracking and analysis of COX-2 enzymatic activity and pharmacokinetics in various biological systems.

(±)-Naproxen-d3-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of (±)-Naproxen, designed for stable isotope labeling applications. This compound maintains the biological activity of its parent molecule, making it suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and quantitative analysis of drug metabolism. Its isotopic labeling facilitates advanced analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry, enabling precise tracking of drug distribution and metabolism in biological systems.

Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled analog of Etoricoxib, a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) functioning primarily as a COX-2 inhibitor. With IC50 values of 1.1 μM for COX-2 and 116 μM for COX-1 in human whole blood, this compound is valuable for studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Etoricoxib in biological systems. Its stable isotope properties make it particularly useful in tracer studies, enabling enhanced understanding of drug action and metabolism in research applications.

Oxaprozin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.2 μM and 36 μM, respectively, for human platelet COX-1 and IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2. Additionally, Oxaprozin is known to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, enhancing the understanding of Oxaprozin's biological pathways and mechanisms of action.

Guaiacol-d4-1 is a deuterated form of guaiacol that serves as a stable isotope. This phenolic compound is known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. It is widely used in research applications focused on inflammation and signaling pathways in various biological systems.

Tolfenamic acid-d4 is a deuterated form of Tolfenamic Acid, a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that primarily targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and potential anti-cancer properties, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM in LPS-treated canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, while having no impact on COX-1 activity. Tolfenamic acid-d4 can be utilized in various research applications, including studies focused on inflammation and cancer biology, as well as in pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiling.

Phenacetin-13C is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Phenacetin, a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent that selectively inhibits COX-3 enzymes. This compound serves as a valuable tool in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, particularly as a probe for cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and rat models. Its utility in assessing drug metabolism and disposition makes it a critical reagent for researchers investigating analgesic mechanisms and metabolic pathways.

Guaiacol-d7 is a deuterated form of Guaiacol, a phenolic compound known for its ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. This stable isotope serves as a useful tracer in various pharmacological studies, particularly in the investigation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Guaiacol-d7 can be employed in metabolic studies and drug metabolism research, enhancing the understanding of inflammatory pathways and therapeutic interventions.

Tenoxicam-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Tenoxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts analgesic and antipyretic effects. This stable isotope is primarily used in pharmacokinetic studies and method development for isotope dilution analysis. Its enhanced labeling enables precise tracking of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems, making it a valuable tool in pharmacological research.

Valdecoxib-13C2,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Valdecoxib, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 5 nM, while displaying significantly lower activity against COX-1 (IC50 of 140 µM). This compound is utilized in pharmacological research to investigate the mechanisms of pain and inflammation, particularly in studies related to arthritis. The incorporation of stable isotopes facilitates advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics research.

Chlorotrianisene-d9 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Chlorotrianisene, a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and orally active estrogen receptor modulator. This compound exhibits notable antiestrogenic activity and serves as an effective inhibitor of COX-1, subsequently reducing platelet aggregation in whole blood. Chlorotrianisene-d9 is valuable in research applications focused on endocrine regulation, estrogen receptor biology, and the study of platelet function.

Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Metyrosine, an inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative activities and is known to effectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is valuable for research applications in studying blood pressure regulation and the biochemical pathways associated with catecholamine synthesis.

Guaiacol-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Guaiacol, a phenolic compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties. By inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, Guaiacol-13C6 serves as a valuable tool in the study of inflammatory pathways. Its unique isotopic labeling facilitates advanced metabolic tracing and tracking in various biological research applications.

Methyl Salicylate-d4 is a deuterated derivative of Methyl Salicylate, commonly known for its role as a stable isotope. This compound exhibits potent topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, making it relevant in pain management research. Additionally, it functions as a signaling molecule for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, particularly tobacco. Methyl salicylate lactoside has also been identified as a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, highlighting its potential applications in studies related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).