Isotope-Labeled Compounds

ent-Florfenicol-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analog of the antibiotic Florfenicol, primarily known for its application in veterinary medicine. This compound is indicated for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease and has utility in aquaculture for managing enteric septicemia in fish species. Research has shown that Florfenicol can induce early embryonic death in eggs, with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 1.07 μg/g, making this labeled reagent valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and environmental impact research.

Cefprozil-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Cefprozil, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. This stable isotope exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and is effective for oral administration. Cefprozil-d4 is suitable for research applications involving the investigation of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, and uncomplicated skin infections, aiding in the study of therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics.

L-Lactic acid-13C3 is a stable isotope form of L-Lactic acid, labeled with carbon-13. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating lactate metabolism in various biological systems. This compound is particularly useful in metabolic studies, allowing researchers to trace metabolic pathways and analyze lactate dynamics in cellular and tissue samples.

L-Lactic acid-13C3 sodium is a stable isotope of L-Lactic acid that serves as a valuable tool for studying lactate metabolism. This compound enables precise tracking of metabolic pathways and investigation of physiological processes involving lactate. Its applications include metabolic research, isotopic labeling studies, and investigations into energy production and exercise physiology. This reagent is provided at a concentration of 20% w/w in water, facilitating its integration into diverse experimental protocols.

Fenbendazole-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the anthelmintic agent Fenbendazole, targeting microtubules to destabilize their structure. This compound acts as a HIF-1α agonist, thereby activating the HIF-1α-mediated GLUT1 signaling pathway. Fenbendazole exhibits cell-cycle arrest and induces mitotic cell death, demonstrating significant antitumor activity in xenograft models using wild-type p53. Research applications include studies on cancer biology, parasitology, and mechanisms of cellular stress response.

Meropenem-d6 is the deuterated form of the carbapenem antibiotic Meropenem, which exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This stable isotope is particularly effective against susceptible and resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 mg/mL, as well as Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi, with MIC values of 0.03 to 0.12 mg/mL and 0.015 to 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. Meropenem-d6 is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic tracing in biological research.

Sulfamethoxazole-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the sulfonamide antibiotic, Sulfamethoxazole. This compound functions by inhibiting bacterial folate metabolism through competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydropteroate reductase, targeting the enzyme's interaction with 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Sulfamethoxazole-d4 is valuable in pharmacokinetic studies and can aid in research related to urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and bronchitis.

Trimethoprim-d9 is a deuterated form of Trimethoprim, a known bacteriostatic antibiotic that functions primarily as a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. This stable isotope retains the biological activity of its non-labeled counterpart, demonstrating efficacy against numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim-d9 is valuable for research applications involving pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and tracing pathways of antibiotic action.

Levofloxacin-d8 is a deuterated form of levofloxacin, a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It primarily targets bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting its supercoiling activity and consequently halting DNA replication. This isotopically labeled reagent is suitable for studies involving metabolic tracking and pharmacokinetic analysis in bacterial systems, aiding in the understanding of antibiotic efficacy and resistance mechanisms.

Linezolid-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Linezolid, a synthetic antibiotic that targets bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting its initiation. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, allowing for precise tracking and quantification of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems. Its application extends to drug development and the exploration of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, enhancing the understanding of bacterial protein synthesis inhibition.

Chloramphenicol-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This stable isotope-labeled compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to trace the metabolism and distribution of Chloramphenicol in biological systems. Its unique isotopic signature allows for enhanced detection and quantification in analytical applications, aiding in antibiotic research and development.

Sulfamethoxazole-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. It functions by inhibiting bacterial folate metabolism through competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydropteroate reductase, targeting the action of 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA). This compound is valuable for research applications involving bacterial infections, particularly in studies focused on urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and bronchitis, enabling enhanced tracking and quantification of metabolically active pathways.

Ampicillin-d5 is a deuterated form of Ampicillin, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic that targets bacterial cell wall synthesis. Its stable isotope labeling features enable the use of Ampicillin-d5 in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research. This compound assists in tracing metabolic pathways and understanding antibiotic action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.

L-Lactate-13C sodium is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-lactic acid, primarily utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of poly-lactic acid, a bioplastic polymer. It exhibits notable antiproliferative activity, making it valuable for research applications in metabolic studies, cancer biology, and biopolymer development. The incorporation of the 13C label allows for precise tracking in various biochemical assays and metabolic pathways.

Amoxicillin-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of amoxicillin, a widely utilized antibiotic known for its effective oral absorption and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, enabling the tracking of amoxicillin's absorption and distribution in biological systems. It serves as a useful tool for researchers investigating antibiotic mechanisms and resistance.

(Rac)-Bedaquiline-d6 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline compound that targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by inhibiting F1FO-ATP synthase, specifically affecting the c- and ε-subunits. This agent also exhibits uncoupler activity which contributes to its mechanism of action. (Rac)-Bedaquiline-d6 is utilized in research focused on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, offering insights into drug metabolism and efficacy of therapeutic strategies.

Florfenicol-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Florfenicol, a widely used veterinary antibiotic primarily effective against bovine respiratory disease and for managing enteric septicemia in aquaculture species such as catfish. This stable isotope serves as a valuable tool in pharmacokinetic studies and environmental research, providing insights into the metabolism and residue analysis of Florfenicol in biological systems. Additionally, Florfenicol is known to induce early embryonic death in eggs, featuring an LC50 of 1.07 μg/g, highlighting its significance in toxicological assessments.

Rifabutin-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Rifabutin, a semisynthetic ansamycin antibiotic known for its effective antimycobacterial activity. This compound exerts its action by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, disrupting bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifabutin-d7 is valuable in research applications focused on mycobacterial infections and the pharmacokinetics of Rifabutin-related compounds.

Ceftriaxone-d3 disodium is a deuterated form of the third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, ceftriaxone, which primarily targets bacterial cell wall synthesis. It exhibits significant efficacy against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria and considerable activity against various gram-positive organisms. This stable isotope is valuable in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, providing insights into drug behavior and interactions within biological systems while also showcasing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Ciprofloxacin-d8 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, specifically designed as a stable isotope for research applications. This compound retains the potent antibacterial activity of its parent molecule, making it suitable for studies on antibiotic action and resistance. Its use in pharmacokinetic and metabolic research allows for precise tracking and analysis of drug behavior in biological systems.

Diclazuril-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Diclazuril, a potent anticoccidial agent that targets various protozoan pathogens. Its primary applications include studying infectious and parasitic diseases, such as coccidiosis, acute toxoplasmosis, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The stable isotope label enhances the tracking of Diclazuril in biological systems, facilitating research in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Ganciclovir-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of ganciclovir, a nucleoside analogue known for its antiviral properties. It primarily targets cytomegalovirus (CMV) and demonstrates efficacy against various herpesviruses and other DNA viruses through inhibition of viral replication. Research applications include studying antiviral mechanisms and tracking drug metabolism in vivo. Ganciclovir exhibits an IC50 of 5.2 μM against feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), making it a valuable tool for virology studies.

Norfloxacin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Norfloxacin, designed for advanced analytical applications. As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, Norfloxacin targets DNA gyrase, effectively inhibiting bacterial DNA replication in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This stable isotope is ideal for use in pharmacokinetic studies, drug metabolism research, and traceability assessments in biological samples.

Penicillin G-d7 potassium is a deuterated form of Penicillin G, serving as a stable isotope for analytical applications. Its labeled structure facilitates precise tracking and quantification in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research. This reagent is valuable in studies investigating the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of penicillin antibiotics in biological systems.

Hordenine-d6 is the deuterated form of hordenine, a plant-derived alkaloid known to inhibit melanogenesis through the suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. This stable isotope labeled compound is valuable for tracing and quantification studies in pharmacokinetics and metabolic research. Hordenine-d6 can be utilized in various applications, including studies aimed at understanding its biological effects and mechanisms in skin pigment regulation.

Ethambutol-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the antimycobacterial agent Ethambutol, which primarily targets arabinosyl transferases to inhibit cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. This stable isotope is particularly valuable in metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic research, allowing for precise tracking and analysis of Ethambutol's mechanisms and interactions within biological systems. It is an essential tool for researchers exploring the dynamics of tuberculosis treatment and related studies in microbiology.

Aztreonam-d6 is a deuterated form of the synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic Aztreonam. It exhibits a high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3), which is crucial for bacterial cell wall synthesis. This stable isotope is employed in various research applications, including pharmacokinetics, metabolic studies, and isotope labeling experiments to track antibiotic behavior in biological systems.

Tetracycline-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that targets the bacterial ribosome, effectively inhibiting protein synthesis. This stable isotope is valuable for tracer studies in pharmacokinetics and metabolism research, as well as in various analytical applications requiring precise quantification of Tetracycline in biological samples. Its enhanced stability allows for improved detection and analysis in complex biological matrices.

Penicillin V-d5 potassium is a stable isotope-labeled variant of the antibiotic Penicillin V Potassium. It exerts its antibacterial effects by inhibiting the growth of various bacteria, including Streptococci, Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus aureus. This reagent is particularly useful in research focused on infections related to otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis, providing valuable insights into antibiotic efficacy and resistance mechanisms.

Linezolid-d8 is a deuterated analogue of Linezolid, a pioneering oxazolidinone antibiotic. This compound targets and inhibits the initiation of bacterial protein synthesis, making it effective against serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly those demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. Linezolid-d8 is suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and other research applications requiring stable isotopes.

Trimethoprim-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Trimethoprim, a bacteriostatic antibiotic that functions as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and tracer studies to investigate the pharmacological effects and dynamics of Trimethoprim in clinical settings.

Erythromycin-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled form of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, which is derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity by binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits, thereby inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis through interference with transpeptidation and translocation processes. Erythromycin-13C,d3 is valuable in research applications involving metabolic studies, pharmacokinetics, and the development of stable label compounds for tracing in biological systems.

Pretomanid-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Pretomanid, an antibiotic specifically targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the context of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Exhibiting a sub-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Pretomanid demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity, with MIC values against various MTB strains ranging from 0.015 to 0.25 μg/mL. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling in tuberculosis research.

Sulfamethazine-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Sulfamethazine, a sulfonamide antimicrobial agent. This compound is employed for its antimicrobial activity, particularly in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in animals. Sulfamethazine-13C6 serves as a valuable tool in pharmacokinetic studies and tracer applications in biological research.

Rifaximin-d6, a deuterium-labeled derivative of Rifaximin, serves as a stable isotope for research applications. Rifaximin exhibits potent antibacterial activity and acts as a semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV. This reagent is suitable for studies on antibiotic metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and the investigation of gut microbiota interactions.

Dalbavancin-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic Dalbavancin. This compound exhibits strong bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, effectively inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90s) of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Dalbavancin-d6 serves as a valuable stable isotope for metabolic labeling studies and pharmacokinetic research, aiding in the investigation of antibiotic mechanisms and dynamics in biological systems.

Rifampicin-d3 is a deuterated derivative of Rifampicin, a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily targeting bacterial infections. It exhibits antimicrobial activity and has been shown to possess anti-influenza virus properties. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, mechanism of action investigations, and metabolic research in the field of infectious diseases.

Clindamycin-d3 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Clindamycin, a bacteriostatic lincosamide antibiotic that primarily targets bacterial protein synthesis. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, and can suppress the expression of critical virulence factors at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, it can be utilized in studies related to Clindamycin resistance and its effects on the production of Panton-Valentine leucocidin, toxic-shock-staphylococcal toxin, and alpha-haemolysin. Additionally, Clindamycin-d3 hydrochloride serves as a valuable tool in malaria research, facilitating investigations into antibiotic effects and resistance mechanisms.

Enrofloxacin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that primarily targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This stable isotope allows for enhanced metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic analyses in research. Enrofloxacin exhibits potent antimicrobial activity, with an MIC90 of 0.312 μg/mL against Mycoplasma bovis, making it a valuable tool for investigating antibiotic resistance and antibiotic efficacy in various biological systems.

Ciprofloxacin-d8 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known for its strong antibacterial properties. This stable isotope is valuable in pharmacokinetic studies, enabling tracking of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems. Its application in research facilitates a deeper understanding of antibiotic behavior and efficacy.

Levofloxacin-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Levofloxacin, incorporating 13C and deuterium atoms. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research that require precise tracking of drug metabolism and pharmacology. Its application in labeled studies enhances the understanding of drug mechanisms and interactions in biological systems.

Moxifloxacin-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the antibiotic Moxifloxacin, which primarily targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies to trace the pharmacodynamics of Moxifloxacin in biological systems. It plays a critical role in research applications concerning antibacterial efficacy and the investigation of metabolic pathways of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Levofloxacin-d8 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled analog of the antibiotic levofloxacin, specifically designed for use as a stable isotope in research applications. This compound retains the antibacterial properties of levofloxacin while providing a means to trace and study pharmacokinetics and metabolism in biological systems. It is suitable for use in various analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and studies involving drug interaction dynamics.

Cilastatin-15N,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Cilastatin, specifically incorporating 15N and deuterium. As a reversible, competitive inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I, it demonstrates an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Additionally, Cilastatin has been shown to inhibit the bacterial metallob-lactamase enzyme CphA, with an IC50 of 178 μM. This reagent serves as an important tool in antibacterial research and studies involving enzyme inhibition mechanisms.

Clindamycin-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled form of the lincosamide antibiotic Clindamycin, which primarily targets bacterial protein synthesis. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity, effectively suppressing virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations. It plays a significant role in research on antibiotic resistance mechanisms, particularly concerning enzymatic methylation impacting the 50S ribosomal subunit. Additionally, Clindamycin-13C,d3 can be utilized in studies investigating malaria.

Cefoperazone-d5 is a deuterium-labeled form of Cefoperazone, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. It exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity effective against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This stable isotope is primarily used in pharmacokinetic studies, allowing for the investigation of Cefoperazone's metabolism and distribution in biological systems. Its labeling facilitates advanced research applications in drug development and therapeutic efficacy assessments.

Dimetridazole-d3 (1,2-Dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole-d3) is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the nitroimidazole antibiotic Dimetridazole. It targets protein synthesis, specifically inhibiting the growth of Campylobacter jejuni in culture. This compound exhibits genotoxic properties and is applicable in research focused on protozoal and bacterial infections, allowing for studies on drug efficacy and mechanisms of action.

Nafcillin-d5 sodium is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Nafcillin sodium, an antibiotic that acts as a reversible inhibitor of β-lactamase. This compound is useful in studying the mechanism of action of Nafcillin and its effectiveness against staphylococcal infections. Nafcillin-d5 sodium serves as a valuable tool in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic tracking in chemical research.

Ofloxacin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, enabling researchers to trace the metabolic pathways of Ofloxacin in biological systems. Its application extends to the elucidation of drug interactions, bioavailability assessments, and the study of isotope effects in enzymatic reactions.

Cefaclor-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Cefaclor, an antibiotic that primarily targets penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3). This stable isotope allows for precise tracking in pharmacokinetic studies and biochemical assays. Cefaclor-d5 is valuable for investigating bacterial resistance mechanisms and studying the pharmacodynamics of β-lactam antibiotics in clinical research.