Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Taurolithocholic acid-d4 is a deuterated form of Taurolithocholic acid, serving as a stable isotope internal standard in chemical research. Its primary mechanism involves the conjugation and regulation of bile acids within hepatic pathways. This reagent is essential for accurately quantifying Taurolithocholic acid levels in biological samples, enabling researchers to explore metabolic pathways and bile acid homeostasis. Its isotopic labeling enhances analytical precision in mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques.

Amlodipine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and antianginal agent. This compound selectively inhibits voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, leading to reduced calcium influx. Amlodipine-d4 is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetics studies and metabolic research to investigate the pharmacological effects of Amlodipine in conditions such as hypertension and cancer.

Ethosuximide-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ethosuximide, which primarily targets low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels. This reagent exhibits significant anti-epileptic properties and has been shown to enhance phenotypic outcomes in various neurodegenerative disease models. Ethosuximide-d3 is valuable for tracing studies and metabolic research, aiding in the understanding of drug disposition and action in biological systems.

Amlodipine-d4 maleate is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Amlodipine maleate, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. This compound selectively inhibits voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby reducing calcium influx and exerting pharmacological effects as an antianginal agent. Amlodipine-d4 maleate is particularly useful in research applications focused on hypertension and cancer, providing a stable isotopic reference for metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic assessments.

L-Phenylalanine-d7 is a deuterium-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-Phenylalanine, known for its role as an α2δ subunit antagonist of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels, with a Ki value of 980 nM. Additionally, it acts as a competitive antagonist for glycine- and glutamate-binding sites on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a KB of 573 μM. This reagent is valuable for studies in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmission, and the synthesis of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.

Lercanidipine-d3 hydrochloride is a deuterated derivative of Lercanidipine, a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. This stable isotope serves as a valuable tool for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, particularly in assessing the antihypertensive effects and renal protective properties of Lercanidipine. Its lipophilic nature enhances its bioavailability, making it suitable for various applications in cardiovascular research.

Taurolithocholic acid-d4 sodium is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Taurolithocholic acid (sodium salt), serving as a stable isotope. It is recognized as a potent cholestatic agent and acts as a calcium ion (Ca2+) agonist. This compound is valuable in research applications that explore cholestasis mechanisms, calcium signaling, and metabolic studies.

Menthol-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of menthol, a natural compound known for its analgesic properties. It elicits a cooling sensation by stimulating cold receptors, primarily through the inhibition of calcium currents in neuronal membranes. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace menthol's biological pathways and effects.

Ulixacaltamide-d9 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ulixacaltamide, designed for stable isotope studies. This compound serves as a useful tool in pharmacokinetic and metabolic research, enabling detailed tracing of drug metabolism and distribution. Its incorporation of deuterium enhances experimental accuracy in biological assays, facilitating a deeper understanding of Ulixacaltamide’s action and potential therapeutic applications.

Ranolazine-d3 is a deuterated form of Ranolazine, an anti-anginal agent that primarily inhibits the late phase of inward sodium current (INa) with an IC50 value of 6 μM and IKr with an IC50 value of 12 μM, leading to its therapeutic effects without altering heart rate or blood pressure. Additionally, Ranolazine acts as a partial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor. This compound serves as a valuable tool in cardiovascular research, particularly in studying sodium channel activity and metabolic modulation in heart physiology.

Diltiazem-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Diltiazem, primarily known for its inhibitory action on L-type Ca2+ channels. This compound exhibits significant antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic properties, making it valuable for studying cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Diltiazem-d6 serves as a stable isotope for metabolic tracing and pharmacokinetic research in various biological systems.

(R)-Amlodipine-d4 is a stable isotope-labeled form of (R)-Amlodipine, primarily targeting calcium channels. This deuterated compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to track drug metabolism and distribution in various biological systems. Its use aids in the understanding of the pharmacological effects and biological activity of (R)-Amlodipine in cardiovascular research.

Lercanidipine-13C,d3 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of Lercanidipine hydrochloride, a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB). It exhibits prolonged antihypertensive effects and offers renoprotective benefits. This compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and mechanistic research involving calcium signaling and cardiovascular physiology.

Ethacrynic acid D5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Ethacrynic acid, primarily targeting glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This compound exhibits diuretic properties and serves as a potent inhibitor of the NF-kB signaling pathway, with implications in modulating leukotriene formation. Additionally, it inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channels, contributing to the relaxation of airway smooth muscle cells. Ethacrynic acid D5 also demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, evidenced by its ability to reduce retinoid-induced ear edema in murine models, making it valuable in related research applications.

Lercanidipine-13C,d3-1 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled variant of Lercanidipine hydrochloride, a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. This compound exhibits potent antihypertensive properties and provides renal protection. It is particularly useful in pharmacokinetic studies, enabling the investigation of metabolic pathways and the evaluation of drug interactions in hypertension research.

L-Phenylalanine-d is a deuterium-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-Phenylalanine, which serves as a stable isotope. This compound acts as an antagonist to the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, exhibiting a Ki value of 980 nM. Additionally, L-Phenylalanine-d competitively inhibits glycine- and glutamate-binding sites on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with a KB of 573 μM. It finds applications in research related to neuropharmacology and the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and food flavorings.

(S)-Lercanidipine-d3 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled form of the antihypertensive agent Lercanidipine. It acts primarily as a calcium channel blocker, inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac tissue, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. This stable isotope is useful in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and drug development to trace the pharmacological effects and biodistribution of the parent compound.

L-Phenylalanine-d1 is a deuterium-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-Phenylalanine, which serves as a stable isotope for diverse research applications. Functioning as an antagonist of the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, it exhibits a Ki of 980 nM, and it also acts as a competitive antagonist at glycine- and glutamate-binding sites on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with a KB of 573 µM. This compound is valuable in both metabolic studies and the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and flavor agents.

L-Phenylalanine-13C9,15N,d8 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Phenylalanine, featuring deuterium and carbon isotopes. As an essential amino acid, it plays a vital role in protein synthesis and is also recognized for its interaction with voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, acting as an antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. Additionally, L-Phenylalanine competitively antagonizes the glycine and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), with a KB of 573 μM. This compound is useful in biochemical research and applications involving metabolic studies, tracer applications, and drug development.

Norverapamil-d7 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled analog of Norverapamil, functioning primarily as a stable isotope. This compound is an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil and acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker while inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) functions. It's utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to investigate drug metabolism and transport mechanisms.

1-Octanol-d2 is the deuterium-labeled version of 1-Octanol, a saturated fatty alcohol that serves as an inhibitor of T-type calcium channels (T-channels), exhibiting an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents. Its unique chemical properties make it a valuable tool for studying calcium channel modulation and its implications in various physiological processes. Additionally, 1-Octanol is noted for its potential as a biofuel with diesel-like characteristics, offering insights into alternative energy applications.

Ranolazine-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Ranolazine, which primarily targets the late phase of inward sodium current (INa) and potassium channels (IKr), exhibiting IC50 values of 6 μM and 12 μM, respectively. This compound functions as an anti-anginal agent by alleviating myocardial ischemia without influencing heart rate or blood pressure. Additionally, Ranolazine-d5 serves as a partial inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), making it valuable for research in cardiovascular pharmacology and metabolic studies.

Gabapentin-d10 is a deuterated form of Gabapentin, functioning primarily as a stable isotope. It serves as a potent, orally active blocker of P/Q type Ca2+ channels, inhibiting neuronal calcium influx and subsequently reducing neurotransmitter release. This GABA analog is widely utilized in research to explore mechanisms of neuropathic pain relief and related pathways in the nervous system.

Taurolithocholic acid-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Taurolithocholic acid, primarily serving as a stable isotope for research applications. It is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic tracing, and isotopic labeling experiments to analyze the dynamics of bile acids in biological systems. Researchers can employ this reagent to enhance the accuracy of quantitative mass spectrometry and elucidate the role of bile acids in various physiological and pathological processes.

Gabapentin-d6 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of Gabapentin, characterized by the incorporation of six deuterium atoms. This reagent is particularly useful in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, facilitating the tracking of Gabapentin's behavior in biological systems. Its deuterated nature allows for enhanced analytical sensitivity in mass spectrometry applications, aiding in drug development and therapeutic monitoring.

Etiracetam-d3 is a deuterated form of Etiracetam, serving as a stable isotope. As an acetylcholine agonist and member of the racetam family, Etiracetam displays nootropic effects, although it is less potent than its S-enantiomer, Levetiracetam. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace acetylcholine-related pathways in the brain.

4-Hydroxynonenal-d3 is a deuterated form of 4-Hydroxynonenal, an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal recognized as a biomarker for oxidative and nitrosative stress. It serves as both a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), influencing various signaling pathways by forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic sites in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. As a significant player in cancer biology, 4-Hydroxynonenal impacts mitochondrial function and cellular signaling processes, making it valuable for research in oxidative stress and its implications in disease.

Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid. This compound has demonstrated antidiabetic activity and is utilized as a drug intermediate in the synthesis of various bioactive molecules. It is valuable for metabolic studies and can aid in tracking the fate of quinoline derivatives in biological systems.

Ethyl phenylglyoxylate-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ethyl phenylglyoxylate, primarily functioning as a stable isotope for chemical research. This compound serves as a synthetic reagent and is recognized as a potent inhibitor of chicken liver carboxylesterase, despite being a poor substrate. Additionally, Ethyl phenylglyoxylate-d5 demonstrates photoreactivity; its excited triplet carbonyl can facilitate intermolecular hydrogen abstraction, radical coupling, and cross-linking reactions, making it valuable in various biochemical studies and synthetic applications.

3-Pyridinemethanol-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of 3-Pyridinemethanol, also known as nicotinyl alcohol. This compound serves as a cholesterol-lowering agent and is utilized in various biochemical research applications, particularly in metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies. The deuterium labeling enhances its utility in tracking metabolic pathways and understanding drug interactions in biological systems.

Entacapone-d10 is a deuterium-labeled version of Entacapone, a potent, reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This compound selectively inhibits COMT with IC50 values of 10 nM in rat brain, 20 nM in erythrocytes, and 160 nM in liver, demonstrating minimal interaction with other catecholamine metabolizing enzymes. Entacapone-d10 is utilized primarily in research related to Parkinson's disease and metabolic disorders, serving as an FTO demethylation inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 μM.

Abiraterone-d4, a deuterium-labeled derivative of Abiraterone, functions as a potent and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme CYP17A1. By specifically targeting the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17, it effectively inhibits both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, displaying IC50 values of 2.5 nM and 15 nM, respectively. This reagent is crucial for studies investigating androgen synthesis pathways and the development of therapies for hormone-sensitive cancers.

Chlorzoxazone-d3 is a deuterated analog of Chlorzoxazone, which is a centrally acting muscle relaxant primarily targeting the spinal cord to alleviate muscle spasms and associated discomfort by suppressing reflexes. This labeled compound serves as a valuable marker substrate in both in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in human subjects, contributing to pharmacokinetic and toxicological research.

Bromobenzene-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of bromobenzene, an established environmental toxin. It predominantly targets cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to the formation of reactive metabolites that induce oxidative stress, resulting in liver and kidney damage. This stable isotope is valuable for tracing studies and investigating metabolic pathways in toxicology and environmental research.

Methoxsalen-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Methoxsalen, which is a tricyclic furocoumarin that functions as a suicide inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. This compound is primarily utilized in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo, often in conjunction with ultraviolet light exposure. Methoxsalen-d3 serves as a valuable stable isotope for research applications that require precise tracking of metabolic pathways and CYP enzyme interactions.

Anastrozole-d12 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Anastrozole, serving as a stable isotope for research applications. Anastrozole functions as a potent and highly selective aromatase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 15 nM against human placental aromatase. This compound is valuable for studying estrogen synthesis, alongside monitoring metabolic pathways and pharmacokinetic assessments in various biological systems.

2-Ethylhexyl (E)-3-(4-(methoxy-d3)phenyl)acrylate is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Octinoxate, functioning primarily as a thyroid hormone receptor agonist. This compound has been shown to decrease levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), along with transcription levels of genes associated with type II deiodinase (deio2) in Japanese Medaka, supporting its role in endocrine research. Additionally, it is utilized as a UV filter in aquatic environments and exhibits inhibitory effects on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, influencing hyaluronan metabolism through the PI3K pathway in human keratinocytes. Its anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies, making it valuable for hormonal modulation research.

Veratrole-d4 is a deuterated stable isotope of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), a significant compound prevalent in various plant species. This compound is integral to attracting pollinators and exhibits a circadian rhythm, influencing plant reproduction and species differentiation. Additionally, Veratrole can undergo demethylation through cytochrome P-450 in Streptomyces setonii, making Veratrole-d4 a valuable tool for research in plant biology and metabolic pathways.

MCPA-d3 is a deuterated form of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA, which primarily disrupts plant membrane integrity and energy metabolism by decreasing ATP levels. This compound is capable of enhancing hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels and stimulating the activities of enzymes such as aniline hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase. MCPA-d3 is utilized in research applications focusing on herbicide mechanisms, plant biochemistry, and environmental impact studies involving broadleaf weed control.

Diosmetin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Diosmetin, a natural flavonoid. This compound targets the human CYP1A enzyme, exhibiting inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 40 μM in HepG2 cells. Diosmetin-d3 is primarily utilized in metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic research, allowing for the tracing of bioavailability and metabolic pathways of Diosmetin in various biological systems.

7-Ethoxycoumarin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of 7-Ethoxycoumarin, targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. This stable isotope serves as a valuable substrate in the functional characterization and kinetic studies of various CYP450 isoforms. It is particularly useful in drug metabolism research and toxicology studies, allowing for precise measurement and analysis of enzyme activity in biological systems.

Topiroxostat-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Topiroxostat, a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) with an IC50 of 5.3 nM and a Ki of 5.7 nM. This compound exhibits weak inhibitory activity on CYP3A4 (18.6%), making it suitable for in-depth metabolic studies. Topiroxostat is primarily utilized for research related to hyperuricemia, targeting pathways involved in uric acid production and metabolism.

Clobetasol 17-Propionate-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Clobetasol propionate, a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP3A5, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.206 μM. This compound specifically targets CYP3A5 while showing no inhibition on CYP3A4 or other major cytochrome P450 enzymes. With its corticosteroid properties, Clobetasol 17-Propionate-d5 is suitable for research applications related to psoriasis and other dermatoses, providing a valuable tool for studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of corticosteroids in biological systems.

Ethylvanillin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of ethylvanillin, designed as a stable isotope for use in biochemical research. This compound retains the aromatic properties of its parent molecule while providing a unique label for tracing and quantifying ethylvanillin in metabolic studies. It is particularly useful in experiments involving flavor compounds, sensory analysis, and isotopic labeling in food chemistry and fragrance research.

Abiraterone acetate-d4 is the deuterium-labeled form of Abiraterone acetate, a potent and selective irreversible inhibitor of CYP17A1 with notable antiandrogen activity. This stable isotope is utilized in various biological research applications, including pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, allowing for precise tracking of the compound's fate in biological systems. As a proagent of Abiraterone, it provides valuable insights into androgen receptor signaling pathways and related therapeutic interventions.

Methoxsalen-13C,d3 (8-Methoxypsoralen-13C,d3) is a stable isotope-labeled form of Methoxsalen, a furanocoumarin compound that acts as a P450 inhibitor. This compound is primarily utilized in research related to dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo, as well as in the study of certain sun-exposed cutaneous lymphomas. The incorporation of deuterium and carbon-13 labels allows for advanced analytical techniques in metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies.

Veratrole-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Veratrole (1,2-Dimethoxybenzene), which serves as a stable isotope standard in research applications. This compound is prevalent in various plant species where it is involved in pollinator attraction and exhibits a circadian rhythm that influences plant reproductive processes and species differentiation. Additionally, Veratrole is known to undergo demethylation by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in Streptomyces setonii, making it valuable for studies in plant biochemistry and microbial metabolism.

Proadifen-d2 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Proadifen, functioning as a stable isotope. This reagent serves as an important tool for metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic investigations, enabling precise tracking of drug metabolism pathways and interactions. Its applications are valuable in both biochemical research and drug development, providing insights into the pharmacological profile of Proadifen and its derivatives.

Dihydrolanosterol-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dihydrolanosterol, primarily serving as a stable isotope for research applications. This compound acts as a substrate for CYP51 and functions as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is valuable for studies involving lipid metabolism, sterol biosynthesis pathways, and the role of cholesterol in cellular processes.

Chlorzoxazone-13C is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Chlorzoxazone, a centrally acting muscle relaxant that alleviates muscle spasms and associated pain. This compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, providing insights into the drug's mechanism of action and its effects within biological systems. The incorporation of the 13C label enables precise tracking and analysis in various experimental settings.