Isotope-Labeled Compounds

L-Arginine-13C6,15N4,d7 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Arginine, characterized by its deuterium, 13C, and 15N isotopic substitutions. This compound serves as a critical nitrogen donor in nitric oxide synthesis, which plays a significant role in vascular function and is essential during sickle cell crises. Its applications extend to metabolic studies, tracer experiments, and investigations into nitric oxide-related pathophysiology.

6-Biopterin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled form of 6-Biopterin, a pterin derivative that serves as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This stable isotope is valuable for metabolic studies and tracer experiments in research involving nitric oxide production and related pathways. Researchers can utilize 6-Biopterin-d3 to investigate the role of NOS in various physiological and pathological processes, enhancing understanding of disorders linked to nitric oxide dysregulation.

Agmatine-d8 sulfate is a deuterium-labeled analog of Agmatine sulfate. It functions as a stable isotope for research applications, modulating various molecular targets including neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, and nitric oxide synthesis. This compound acts as an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptors and serves as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, making it valuable for studies exploring neurobiology, cardiovascular health, and metabolic regulation.

Estetrol-d4 (Major) is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Estetrol, a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator primarily synthesized by the human fetal liver during pregnancy. Estetrol demonstrates affinity for estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, enhancing eNOS expression and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. Its estrogenic effects are noted in the endometrium and central nervous system, while exhibiting antagonistic properties in breast tissue. This reagent is valuable in research applications involving contraception and menopausal hormone therapy studies.

Ticlopidine-d4 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Ticlopidine, an antithrombotic agent that functions as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme CD39, exhibiting an IC50 of 81.7 μM. Additionally, Ticlopidine-d4 inhibits multiple NTPDase isoenzymes, with IC50 values of 170 μM for NTPDase2 and 149 μM for NTPDase3. It also serves as an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, with respective IC50 values of 26.0 μM and 32.3 μM. This reagent is valuable for studying the pharmacodynamics and metabolism of Ticlopidine in biochemical research.

Limaprost-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Limaprost, which targets prostaglandin E1 pathways. This stable isotope functions as a potent vasodilator, enhancing blood flow and inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is primarily utilized in research applications focused on pain relief, antianginal effects, and the study of ischemic symptoms.

Lathosterol-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of lathosterol, a plant sterol that functions similarly to cholesterol. This stable isotope is valuable in biological studies, notably for investigating its role in enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Lathosterol has demonstrated hepatoprotective properties in models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury, making it a vital reagent for research into lipid metabolism and liver health.

Imidazole-15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of imidazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound. It serves as a valuable tool in metabolic studies and tracing experiments due to its nitrogen-15 labeling. Imidazole and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and xanthine oxidase, as well as properties such as antifungal, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, imidazole derivatives have shown promise in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro enzyme, highlighting their potential applications in research related to Alzheimer's disease, gout, COVID-19, and thromboembolic disorders.

Robenacoxib-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Robenacoxib, functioning as a stable isotope internal standard. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to provide accurate quantification of drug levels in biological samples. Its incorporation of deuterium enhances the reliability of analytical methods such as LC-MS, facilitating detailed investigation of Robenacoxib metabolism and bioavailability.

Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Sinapyl alcohol. As an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent, it is known to decrease the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and mechanistic investigations in inflammation research.

Etoricoxib-d3 is a deuterated form of Etoricoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM, while exhibiting negligible inhibition of COX-1 at 116 μM in human whole blood. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic profiling, and tracing studies in chemical research. Its unique isotopic signature enhances the detection and quantitation of Etoricoxib in biological samples.

Aceclofenac-d4 is the deuterated form of Aceclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. This stable isotope is primarily used in research to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of Aceclofenac. Applications include studies related to osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis, facilitating a deeper understanding of NSAID action in inflammatory conditions.

3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of 3,3'-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormone. This compound has been shown to significantly enhance cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, making it relevant for studies on thyroid hormone metabolism and its physiological effects. It is suitable for applications in metabolic research and tracer studies involving thyroid hormone dynamics.

Lornoxicam-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Lornoxicam, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This stable isotope-labeled compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, allowing for precise tracking of Lornoxicam in biological systems. Its application in research enhances the understanding of its pharmacological profile and therapeutic potential as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen-d6 is a stable isotope-labeled metabolite of Ibuprofen, which primarily inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, showing IC50 values of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively. This reagent facilitates quantitative analysis in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, allowing researchers to accurately track the metabolic pathways of Ibuprofen and its derivatives. Its stable isotope labeling enhances the sensitivity and specificity of various analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry.

Ampyrone-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ampyrone, a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). It enhances optical transmittance in mouse skin and other tissues by inducing tissue refractive index matching through improved UV absorption, thereby facilitating tissue transparency in vivo. Additionally, Ampyrone-d3 exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2 and is involved in mitigating DNA damage, apoptosis, and immune cell phagocytosis during chemotherapy with agents such as Doxorubicin and Cisplatin. This compound is valuable for research in optical imaging and cancer therapeutics.

Phenylbutazone-d9 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Phenylbutazone, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). This compound exhibits significant hepatotoxicity and is known to induce the expression of muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1). Phenylbutazone-d9 is valuable for research applications focused on ankylosing spondylitis and related inflammatory conditions, as well as for studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics involving stable isotope labeling.

Valdecoxib-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Valdecoxib, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), exhibiting an IC50 of 5 nM against COX-2 and significantly less activity at 140 μM for COX-1. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, offering insights into the metabolic pathways and biological effects of COX-2 inhibition. Valdecoxib-d3 is particularly useful in research related to inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and pain management.

Celecoxib-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Desmethyl Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor exhibiting an IC50 of approximately 32 nM. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for research applications in inflammation and pain management. Celecoxib-d4 serves as a useful stable isotope for metabolic studies, enabling tracking and analysis of COX-2 enzymatic activity and pharmacokinetics in various biological systems.

(±)-Naproxen-d3-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of (±)-Naproxen, designed for stable isotope labeling applications. This compound maintains the biological activity of its parent molecule, making it suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and quantitative analysis of drug metabolism. Its isotopic labeling facilitates advanced analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry, enabling precise tracking of drug distribution and metabolism in biological systems.

Etoricoxib-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled analog of Etoricoxib, a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) functioning primarily as a COX-2 inhibitor. With IC50 values of 1.1 μM for COX-2 and 116 μM for COX-1 in human whole blood, this compound is valuable for studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Etoricoxib in biological systems. Its stable isotope properties make it particularly useful in tracer studies, enabling enhanced understanding of drug action and metabolism in research applications.

Oxaprozin-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.2 μM and 36 μM, respectively, for human platelet COX-1 and IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2. Additionally, Oxaprozin is known to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. This stable isotope can be utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, enhancing the understanding of Oxaprozin's biological pathways and mechanisms of action.

Guaiacol-d4-1 is a deuterated form of guaiacol that serves as a stable isotope. This phenolic compound is known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. It is widely used in research applications focused on inflammation and signaling pathways in various biological systems.

Tolfenamic acid-d4 is a deuterated form of Tolfenamic Acid, a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that primarily targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and potential anti-cancer properties, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM in LPS-treated canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, while having no impact on COX-1 activity. Tolfenamic acid-d4 can be utilized in various research applications, including studies focused on inflammation and cancer biology, as well as in pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiling.

Phenacetin-13C is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Phenacetin, a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent that selectively inhibits COX-3 enzymes. This compound serves as a valuable tool in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, particularly as a probe for cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and rat models. Its utility in assessing drug metabolism and disposition makes it a critical reagent for researchers investigating analgesic mechanisms and metabolic pathways.

Guaiacol-d7 is a deuterated form of Guaiacol, a phenolic compound known for its ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. This stable isotope serves as a useful tracer in various pharmacological studies, particularly in the investigation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Guaiacol-d7 can be employed in metabolic studies and drug metabolism research, enhancing the understanding of inflammatory pathways and therapeutic interventions.

Tenoxicam-d4 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Tenoxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts analgesic and antipyretic effects. This stable isotope is primarily used in pharmacokinetic studies and method development for isotope dilution analysis. Its enhanced labeling enables precise tracking of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems, making it a valuable tool in pharmacological research.

Valdecoxib-13C2,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Valdecoxib, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 5 nM, while displaying significantly lower activity against COX-1 (IC50 of 140 µM). This compound is utilized in pharmacological research to investigate the mechanisms of pain and inflammation, particularly in studies related to arthritis. The incorporation of stable isotopes facilitates advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics research.

Chlorotrianisene-d9 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Chlorotrianisene, a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and orally active estrogen receptor modulator. This compound exhibits notable antiestrogenic activity and serves as an effective inhibitor of COX-1, subsequently reducing platelet aggregation in whole blood. Chlorotrianisene-d9 is valuable in research applications focused on endocrine regulation, estrogen receptor biology, and the study of platelet function.

Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Metyrosine, an inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative activities and is known to effectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is valuable for research applications in studying blood pressure regulation and the biochemical pathways associated with catecholamine synthesis.

Guaiacol-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Guaiacol, a phenolic compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties. By inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, Guaiacol-13C6 serves as a valuable tool in the study of inflammatory pathways. Its unique isotopic labeling facilitates advanced metabolic tracing and tracking in various biological research applications.

Methyl Salicylate-d4 is a deuterated derivative of Methyl Salicylate, commonly known for its role as a stable isotope. This compound exhibits potent topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, making it relevant in pain management research. Additionally, it functions as a signaling molecule for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, particularly tobacco. Methyl salicylate lactoside has also been identified as a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, highlighting its potential applications in studies related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

(S)-(+)-Ketoprofen-13C,d3 is a deuterium and carbon-13 labeled derivative of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) S-(+)-Ketoprofen. Primarily, it acts as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, demonstrating potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.9 nM and 27 nM, respectively. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and tracing experiments in biological systems.

(±)-Naproxen-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled version of (±)-Naproxen, featuring deuterium and carbon-13 isotopes. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), (±)-Naproxen functions as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 8.72 μM and 5.15 μM, respectively. This compound is valuable for studies investigating drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and the mechanistic pathways of inflammation.

Benoxaprofen-13C,d3 is a deuterium and carbon-13 labeled derivative of Benoxaprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with notable anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. This compound exhibits weak inhibition of cyclooxygenase and inhibits lipoxygenase, in addition to reducing monocyte migration in certain in vivo inflammation models. Benoxaprofen-13C,d3 is valuable in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research applications, offering insights into the compound's behavior and interactions in biological systems.

Tolfenamic acid-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Tolfenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. It selectively inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 of 13.49 μM in LPS-treated canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, while exhibiting no inhibitory effect on COX-1. This reagent is valuable for studying COX-2-related pathways and assessing the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Tolfenamic acid in various biological contexts.

Rofecoxib-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Rofecoxib, a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This compound exhibits inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 26 nM in human osteosarcoma cells and 18 nM in Chinese hamster ovary cells, demonstrating over 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 compared to COX-1. Rofecoxib-d5 is suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic labeling, and other research applications involving COX-2 inhibition.

Etofenamate-d4 is a deuterium-labeled form of Etofenamate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases (COX). This compound exhibits notable analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable in researching conditions such as osteoarthritis, arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases. Its stable isotope nature allows for precise quantification and tracking in metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic investigations.

4-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine, primarily known for its role as a stable isotope in chemical research. This compound acts as a selective reversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and a PGE2-dependent blocker, contributing to studies on prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation. Additionally, it exhibits the ability to inhibit copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) and shows potential for binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA), leading to conformational changes that may be relevant for pharmacokinetic studies.

4-Methylamino antipyrine-d3-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of 4-Methylamino antipyrine. This compound serves as a stable isotope for tracing and analytical applications. As an active metabolite of Metamizole, it exhibits analgesic and antipyretic properties, making it valuable for studying pain relief and fever reduction. The compound is essential in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research involving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Mefenamic acid-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Mefenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that penetrates the blood-brain barrier. It functions as a competitive inhibitor of human cyclooxygenase-1 (hCOX-1) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2), with reported IC50 values of 40 nM and 3 μM, respectively. This reagent is valuable for metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic research involving the behavior of Mefenamic acid in biological systems.

Propyphenazone-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Propyphenazone, a pyrazolone compound known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. This stable isotope is utilized in research to study metabolic pathways and drug interactions involving Propyphenazone and its analogues, particularly as proagents and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its labeling facilitates precise tracking and characterization in biological assays and pharmacokinetic studies.

Guaiacol-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of guaiacol, a phenolic compound recognized for its role in modulating inflammatory pathways. It inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This compound is valuable for research in inflammation, offering insights into anti-inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.

Tenidap-d3 is a deuterated form of Tenidap, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits COX-1 with an IC50 of 0.03 μM, while showing weaker inhibition of COX-2 at 1.2 μM. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic effects, making it a valuable reagent in studies of inflammatory pathways. Additionally, Tenidap is identified as a specific inhibitor of SLC26A3, facilitating research into its role in ion transport and related physiological processes.

Metamizole-d3 sodium is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Metamizole sodium, a potent non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent. It primarily acts as a cyclooxygenase-3 (COX-3) inhibitor, providing insight into the pharmacological mechanisms of pain relief and fever reduction. This stable isotope is valuable for research applications involving drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, enabling the study of metabolic pathways and the effects of deuteration on drug efficacy.

Bromfenac-d4 sodium is a deuterated form of Bromfenac, which functions as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), displaying IC50 values of 5.56 nM and 7.45 nM, respectively. This non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is primarily utilized in research focused on post-operative inflammation and pain management following cataract surgery, as well as studies related to pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. The incorporation of deuterium enhances its stability and may facilitate metabolic studies.

N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Phenacetin, primarily serving as a stable isotope. This compound exhibits non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic properties, functioning as a selective COX-3 inhibitor. It is commonly utilized in research to investigate the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically CYP1A2, in human liver microsomes and rat models, providing valuable insights into metabolic pathways and drug interactions.

Flunixin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Flunixin, serving as a stable isotope reagent. It acts as a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), exhibiting significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. This compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace the distribution and metabolism of Flunixin in biological systems.

Ketorolac-d4 is a deuterated form of Ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that functions as a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. This stable isotope-labeled compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling to track drug metabolism in biological systems. Its unique properties make it an essential tool in therapeutic research and drug development.

Ketoprofen-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Ketoprofen. This compound functions primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, demonstrating IC50 values of 2 nM for COX-1 and 26 nM for COX-2. Ketoprofen-13C6 is valuable for investigating inflammation, immunology, and metabolic diseases, including obesity, by providing insights into drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in biological research.