Natural Products

Alisol B acetate is a triterpenoid compound derived from the tubers of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focused on natural product studies, pharmacology, and drug discovery.

Curcumin monoglucoside is a flavonoid derivative that exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties, alongside notable antibacterial activity. This compound is primarily utilized in research related to neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, due to its potential to mitigate neuronal damage and improve cellular resilience. Its diverse biological activities make it a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic strategies in various pathological conditions.

α-Amyrin acetate is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells and promotes apoptosis. Additionally, it has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, making it relevant for studies in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cancer, particularly breast cancer, and metabolic disorders.

Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan with significant anticancer activity primarily targeting prostate cancer. Isolated from Silybum marianum, it regulates cell cycle-related proteins by downregulating cyclins D3, D1, A, and E, as well as Cdk4, Cdk2, and Cdc25A. Additionally, Isosilybin B activates Caspases 9 and 3, promoting apoptosis and reducing levels of the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This compound is valuable for research focused on cancer biology and therapeutic interventions.

Tigilanol tiglate is a natural compound that activates protein kinase C (PKC) and C1 domains, leading to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. This dysregulation triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in ATP depletion, organelle expansion, and the activation of apoptotic pathways including Caspase activation and gasdermin E cleavage, ultimately driving terminal necrosis. Due to its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties, tigilanol tiglate is valuable for research on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma.

Patrinoside aglucone is an iridoid glucoside isolated from Valeriana tuberosa, exhibiting significant anticancer properties through G2/M phase tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. This compound effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer stem cells, such as MDA-MB-231 and U-251MG. Additionally, Patrinoside aglucone demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by its ability to inhibit nitric oxide release (IC50: 43.44 μM) and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and COX-2.

Cardanol monoene is a phenolic compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid, primarily targeting cellular mechanisms involved in cancer progression. It exhibits significant anti-cancer activities, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, S phase arrest, and induction of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial depolarization. Cardanol monoene modulates key signaling pathways by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions and regulating the expression of CDK2, p53, and Bax, among others. Additionally, it demonstrates weak DPPH radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities, making it suitable for research in cancer, infection, and inflammation.

(E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde primarily targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway. It exhibits significant biological activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through the modulation of reactive oxygen species production. This compound is valuable in cancer research, demonstrating antitumor effects and potential therapeutic applications in oncological studies.

Columbamine is a quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid that acts primarily by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4, with an IC50 of 30.6 µM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activities, including the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic effects. It is suitable for various research applications exploring therapeutic interventions and mechanisms in cancer and metabolic diseases.

Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) is a natural product derived from notoginseng and red ginseng, with a primary mechanism of inducing apoptosis in human lymphocytoma JK cells. GF4 demonstrates biological activity by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) in interleukin-1β-treated chondrocytes. This compound shows promise in therapeutic applications aimed at preventing cartilage breakdown and preserving collagen matrix integrity in diseased tissues, particularly in cartilage research.

5,6,7,8,4'-Pentahydroxyflavone is a flavonoid with demonstrated antitumor activity. It exerts cytotoxic effects through the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. This compound is valuable for cancer research, facilitating studies on cellular mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in oncology.

Hydroxytyrosol-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic compound abundant in olive oil. This compound exhibits antioxidant properties, mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function, which contributes to its neuroprotective effects. Hydroxytyrosol-d4 is involved in promoting apoptosis in cancer cells through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and demonstrates antibacterial and antiviral activities. It serves as an important tool in research on cancer, infections, inflammation, immunology, metabolic conditions, neurology, and cardiovascular diseases, including colon cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and atherosclerosis.

Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that primarily acts as an active scavenger. This compound demonstrates neurotrophic factor-like properties and exhibits anti-apoptotic effects. Research indicates that Neoechinulin A can enhance memory and produce antidepressant-like effects in murine models, making it a valuable tool for investigations in neurobiology and mental health studies.

Pectic acid, a polygalacturonic acid, primarily targets cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis in pituitary tumor cells. Its key biological activity makes it a valuable reagent in cancer research and studies related to autoimmune diseases. Pectic acid's role in modulating cellular processes provides useful insights into therapeutic strategies for various malignancies and immune disorders.

Sotetsuflavone is a flavonoid extracted from Cycas revolute, primarily targeting cancer cell migration and invasion. It has been shown to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induce apoptosis, and activate autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. Additionally, Sotetsuflavone downregulates key factors such as HIF-1α, VEGF, angiostatin, MMP-9, and MMP-13, contributing to its anticancer properties. This compound is also investigated for its protective effects in models of Crohn's disease-like colitis, making it a valuable reagent for research in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Vitexilactone is a diterpenoid derived from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. It exhibits antimicrobial properties against E. coli and has demonstrated the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells while inhibiting their cell cycle progression. This compound is particularly valuable for research in cancer biology and microbiology.

Chelidonine hydrochloride is a potent isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Chelidonium majus L. This compound induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and triggers both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, effectively inhibiting stem cell proliferation in Dugesia japonica. Chelidonine hydrochloride demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects against melanoma cell lines, along with notable anticancer and antiviral properties. Its unique biological activities make it a valuable reagent for cancer research and antiviral studies.

Dehydroeffusol is a phenanthrene derivative isolated from the medicinal herb Juncus effusus. This compound demonstrates potent inhibitory effects on gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity by selectively triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulating apoptotic pathways. Notably, Dehydroeffusol exhibits low toxicity, making it a promising candidate for further research in cancer treatment applications.

Celosin K is a natural product isolated from the seeds of Semen Celosiae, known for its potent inhibitory effects on neuron injury induced by t-BHP. This compound demonstrates significant activity in mitigating oxidative stress and apoptosis, while promoting autophagy. Celosin K is valuable for research applications focused on neuroprotection, oxidative stress, and apoptosis mechanisms.

Pancratistatin is an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the plant Hymenocallis littoralis. It is known to induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells, showcasing its potential as an anticancer agent. This compound is relevant for research applications in various cancer types, including neuroblastoma, leukemia, and breast cancer.

Shizukaol D is a dimeric sesquiterpene derived from Chloranthus serratus that primarily targets the induction of apoptosis in cellular systems. This compound exhibits significant inhibitory effects on Wnt signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and the study of cell signaling mechanisms. Its unique properties make Shizukaol D an important candidate for investigating therapeutic strategies against Wnt-related diseases.

Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid that targets cancer cells with potent cytotoxic activity. It induces oxidative stress, leading to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in these cells. Xylopine is primarily utilized in cancer research to explore mechanisms of cell death and to evaluate potential therapeutic strategies.

Pulchinenoside B is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Pulsatilla chinensis. This compound exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Researchers may find Pulchinenoside B valuable in exploring its mechanistic roles in cellular processes and its potential as a lead compound in drug development.

Glycoborinine is a natural carbazole alkaloid extracted from Glycosmis pentaphylla, primarily acting as an anti-cancer agent. It induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, showcasing significant potential for cancer research. Additionally, Glycoborinine demonstrates the ability to inhibit HIV replication in cultured cells, highlighting its versatility in various biological applications.

Quercetin hydrate is a natural flavonoid with potent antioxidant properties, primarily targeting SIRT1. It acts as a stimulant for recombinant SIRT1 and serves as an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM, and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ, and PI3K β, respectively. This compound is widely used in research applications focused on cellular signaling, oxidative stress, and metabolic diseases.

Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound primarily derived from olive oil, recognized for its antioxidant properties. It mitigates oxidative stress and enhances mitochondrial function, which contributes to its neuroprotective effects. Additionally, Hydroxytyrosol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibits antibacterial and antiviral activities. This compound is applicable in research related to cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation, immunology, and conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis.

Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a specific phospholipid found predominantly in mitochondria, extracted from bovine heart tissue. This compound plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial function, regulating cellular metabolism and signaling processes, as well as inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is suitable for applications in inflammation, immunology, cardiovascular research, and studies of neurological diseases. Additionally, it can be coated onto microplate wells for use in ELISA assays.

Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. It exerts its effects by inducing autophagy through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, Daucosterol impedes colon cancer growth by promoting apoptosis, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and engaging the caspase signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development.

Loganic acid 6′-O-β-D-glucoside, an iridoidal glucoside, is derived from the Gentiana rhodantha plant of the Gentianaceae family. This compound demonstrates an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Its biological activity makes it a valuable reagent for research related to inflammation and immune response mechanisms.

Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol is a neolignan primarily derived from Anogeissus acuminata. This compound exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against melanoma cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. Its unique properties and biological activity position it for investigations into natural product-derived therapeutic strategies and potential anti-cancer applications.

Cardenolide B-1 is a natural product derived from the plant species Nerium oleander. This steroid compound exhibits notable biological activity, primarily serving as a potent inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase. It is widely utilized in research applications focused on cell signaling, cardiovascular function, and the development of cardiotoxic agents.

Pachymic acid is a lanostrane-type triterpenoid from P. cocos. Pachymic acid inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways.

Skimmianine is an orally active furoquiniline alkaloid present mainly in the Rutaceae family. Skimmianine has analgesic, antispastic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Skimmianine inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 8.6 μg/mL). Skimmianine exhibits cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines and genotoxicity. Skimmianine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Skimmianine exerts anti-inflammatory effects through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Skimmianine is neuroprotective by targeting the NF-κB activation pathway to prevent neuroinflammation. Skimmianine inhibits the release of histamine, intracellular Ca2+ signaling and protein kinase C signaling.

Kirenol is a diterpenoid compound, an orally active apoptosis inducer and signaling pathway regulator, with a Kd value of 5.47 μM against the target CK2. Kirenol promotes the cleavage of Bid into tBid, regulates the protein levels/phosphorylation of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and p21, and induces caspase-independent apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS accumulation and cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Kirenol activates the CK2/AKT and AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathways, inhibits the signaling of NF-κB, TGF-β/Smads and NLRP3 inflammasome, and regulates the GSK3β, BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Kirenol induces autophagy, mitophagy and osteoblast differentiation, promotes mitochondrial fusion, and exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, renoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and analgesic effects. Kirenol is applicable to research related to chronic myeloid leukemia, ischemic stroke, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, acute lung injury and osteoporosis.

Farrerol is a natural product derived from Rhododendron, primarily known for its diverse biological activities. It exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. This compound is valuable for research applications exploring cellular protection and treatment strategies for various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Polygalacin D3 is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the roots of the balloon flower and acts as an apoptosis inducer. It demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines through the blockade of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, Polygalacin D3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, making it a valuable reagent for cancer research applications.

Communic acid is a natural compound derived from the branches of Platycladus orientalis. This compound demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31 μM and an IC50 of 15 μM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Additionally, Communic acid shows protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging, making it a valuable candidate for research in dermatology and infectious disease studies.

Egg oil, a natural oil rich in cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acid glycerides, primarily targets gut microbiota. It has been shown to regulate gut microbial dysbiosis and alleviate conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic health and microbiome studies.

Yuanhuadin, a plant diterpenoid derived from Genkwa Flos Daphne genkwa, primarily targets the Akt/mTOR and EGFR signaling pathways. It exhibits significant antitumor activity by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic processes in cancer cells. This compound is valuable for researchers studying tumor biology, therapeutic interventions, and the underlying mechanisms of cancer progression.

(+)-Licarin is a natural compound derived from the leaves of Ocotea macrophylla Kunth and belongs to the class of octanoid neolignans. This compound exhibits significant biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is suitable for research applications in pharmacology and natural product chemistry, particularly in studies investigating therapeutic agents derived from plant sources.

Lupenone is a lupine-type triterpenoid that operates primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. It exhibits significant biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. This compound is valuable in research related to inflammation, viral infections, diabetes, and cancer therapeutics.

Tetrahydroalstonine is an indole alkaloid that acts as a selective antagonist of the α₂-adrenergic receptor. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective effects and has been shown to modulate autophagy-lysosomal function through the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, Tetrahydroalstonine significantly mitigates injury to primary cortical neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, making it a valuable tool for research into neuroprotection and cellular stress responses.

6'-Sialyllactose is a milk oligosaccharide known for its role in promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic strains. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, making it a valuable reagent for studying gut microbiota modulation and inflammatory responses. Additionally, 6'-Sialyllactose is linked to muscle health, providing insights into its potential applications in nutritional and biomedical research.

4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol-d8 is a deuterium-labeled analog of 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol, which acts as an estrogen receptor agonist and can bind competitively to thyroid hormone receptors. This compound is implicated in various biological activities including the promotion of glioblastoma through the upregulation of the EZH2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, chronic exposure may lead to lipid accumulation and dyslipidemia in liver tissues, potentially contributing to obesity at low doses. Research applications of 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol-d8 include studies on endocrine disruption, lipid metabolism disorders, and the investigation of inflammatory responses in the intestinal microbiome.

8-Prenylnaringenin is a prenyl flavonoid that primarily activates the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. This compound is known to upregulate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes II, III, and V, along with Sirt1, while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Its biological activities include ameliorating muscle atrophy, combating obesity, and inhibiting angiogenesis, as well as demonstrating anticancer properties against glioblastoma and colon cancer. Additionally, 8-prenylnaringenin plays a role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), making it relevant for bone health research.

Cannflavin B is a natural flavonoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with a primary mechanism as an inhibitor of PGE2 release, mPGES-1, and 5-lipoxygenase. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ferroptosis, anti-tumor, and anti-Leishmania effects, with an IC50 of 14 μM for Leishmania. Additionally, Cannflavin B has been shown to inhibit the TrkB-BDNF signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and cancer biology.

6'-Sialyllactose sodium is a milk oligosaccharide that serves as a prebiotic, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while inhibiting harmful bacterial proliferation. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, making it relevant for research in gut health and immune modulation. Additionally, 6'-Sialyllactose sodium supports muscle health, offering potential applications in nutrition and fitness studies.

α-Solanine is a steroidal alkaloid extracted from Solanum nigrum, known for its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. This bioactive compound demonstrates significant cytotoxic activity, making it a potential candidate for cancer research and therapeutic applications. Its mechanisms of action are of interest for studies focused on targeted cancer treatments and cellular signaling pathways.

Isorhapontigenin is a dietary polyphenol recognized for its potent antioxidant properties through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is involved in multiple biological activities, including the induction of SESN2 transcription, which is mediated by JUN binding, along with the activation of MAPK8. Research applications extend to the study of tumor growth inhibition, cell invasion, and inflammatory responses, while also demonstrating effects on fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. This compound is relevant for investigations into bladder cancer, liver injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, and type 2 diabetes.

8-(6,7-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2E-octenyloxy)psoralen is a natural product derived from Citrus grandis that exhibits notable anti-inflammatory activity. Its primary mechanism involves inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, PGE2, and TNF-α. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on understanding the pathways of inflammation and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions.