Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Eupatilin Derivative
Recoflavone, a synthetic derivative of the flavonoid eupatilin, primarily targets the NF-κB signaling pathway. It exhibits significant biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, as well as providing protective properties for gastric and intestinal mucosa. Additionally, Recoflavone promotes secretion in the ocular surface and salivary glands. This compound is valuable for researching conditions such as dry eye, gastric injuries, and intestinal injuries. -
Stable Isotope
12-HETE-d8 is a deuterated form of 12-HETE, a significant metabolite of arachidonic acid produced via 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) catalysis. This compound plays a critical role in modulating cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, facilitating the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway. 12-HETE-d8 serves as a valuable tool in research focusing on its dual anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects, as well as its function as a neuromodulator in various biological contexts. -
Stable Isotope
Sodium propionate-13C is a stable isotope of the short-chain fatty acid sodium propionate, which acts primarily through the activation of PPAR-γ and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound exhibits significant biological activities, including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as reductions in COX-2 expression and nitric oxide production. Key research applications include investigating its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, along with its potential anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Additionally, sodium propionate-13C can be utilized in studies focused on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease. -
Antifungal Agent
o-Vanillin is a naturally occurring compound primarily known for its antifungal properties. It effectively inhibits the mycelial growth of fungi by compromising the integrity of their cell walls and membranes. Additionally, o-Vanillin has been shown to inhibit NF-κB activation induced by Doxorubicin and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, making it a valuable reagent for research applications in fungal pathogenesis and cancer studies. -
Anti-bacterial/fungal Agent
Eugenol acetate is an antibacterial and antifungal agent that targets multiple biological pathways. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, acting through the inhibition of NF-κB while enhancing the expression of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and p21 (WAF1). Eugenol acetate is also implicated in cancer research, demonstrating the ability to prevent chemically induced skin cancer, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Its diverse biological activities make it a valuable tool in chemical and biomedical research applications. -
MDA-9/Syntenin Inhibitor
PDZ1i (113B7) is a selective inhibitor of MDA-9/Syntenin, targeting its PDZ1 domain. This compound effectively inhibits radiation-induced invasion of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and enhances their radiosensitivity by disrupting key signaling pathways, including Src/EphA2, EGFRvIII/FAK, and NF-κB. PDZ1i also decreases the secretion of invasion-related proteases such as MMP-2, MMP-9, and ADAM9. Its anti-tumor efficacy has been demonstrated in nude mice models with intracranial U1242-luc and GBM xenografts, making PDZ1i a valuable tool for researching glioblastoma, as well as breast and prostate cancers. -
PARP1 Inhibitor
DPQ hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1), effectively blocking PARP-1-mediated DNA damage repair and reducing NAD+/ATP consumption. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway, leading to a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, as well as mitigating oxidative stress. DPQ hydrochloride is ideal for research applications related to inflammation and can be utilized in studies of conditions such as acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases. -
PARP-1 Inhibitor
DPQ is a selective inhibitor of PARP-1, effectively blocking PARP-1-mediated DNA repair mechanisms and reducing the consumption of NAD+ and ATP. This inhibition leads to a decrease in NF-κB pathway activation, resulting in lowered expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, along with a reduction in oxidative stress levels. DPQ is applicable in research focused on inflammation-related conditions including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases. -
C/EBPβ Inhibitor
Helenalin acetate is a potent C/EBPβ inhibitor that also functions as a natural NF-κB inhibitor. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases and cancer biology. This compound can be utilized in studies aimed at understanding the regulation of gene expression mediated by C/EBPβ and its role in various pathological conditions. -
Anti-inflammatory Peptide
SAP15 is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide derived from human beta-defensin 3, comprising 15 amino acids. This peptide effectively penetrates cells to downregulate intracellular inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5, which in turn reduces the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In LPS-induced macrophages, SAP15 demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, while also enhancing the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen, and decreasing osteocalcin levels in LPS-induced chondrocytes. SAP15 serves as a valuable tool in the exploration of inflammation regulation and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies for biomaterials. -
HDAC3 Inhibitor
HDAC3-IN-T247 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3), demonstrating an IC50 of 0.24 µM. This compound selectively enhances the acetylation of NF-κB in HCT116 cells, making it valuable for studies in cancer and viral pathogenesis. HDAC3-IN-T247 exhibits significant anticancer properties by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and can also activate HIV gene expression in latently infected cells, thus serving as a useful tool for investigations in oncology and HIV research. -
PROTAC HDAC Degrader
HD-TAC7 is a highly effective PROTAC HDAC degrader, specifically targeting histone deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 with IC50 values of 3.6 μM, 4.2 μM, and 1.1 μM, respectively. This compound has demonstrated the ability to reduce NF-κB p65 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. HD-TAC7 is suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
NPB-1575 is a potent, orally bioavailable anti-inflammatory agent that effectively targets neuroinflammation. It functions by activating the IRS2/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis, thereby combating ferroptosis and providing neuroprotection. NPB-1575 demonstrates efficacy in mitigating cerebral ischemic injury and enhancing neurological outcomes, making it a valuable tool for research focused on ischemic stroke and related neurodegenerative conditions. -
Ferroptosis Inhibitor
5-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, acting primarily to mitigate H1N1 virus-induced cell death. This compound enhances the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, thereby providing protective effects against ferroptosis. Additionally, it reduces inflammatory responses and apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. 5-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone is valuable for research related to H1N1 influenza virus infection and ferroptosis regulation. -
Stable Isotope
(±)-Epicatechin-13C3 is a stable isotope-labeled form of (±)-Epicatechin, which primarily interacts with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). This compound exhibits significant inhibition of COX-1 activity, with an IC50 value of 3.2 μM. Additionally, (±)-Epicatechin is known to suppress the IL-1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by preventing the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. These properties make (±)-Epicatechin-13C3 valuable for studies focused on inflammation and signal transduction pathways. -
Stable Isotope
Sulfasalazine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the anti-rheumatic agent Sulfasalazine, primarily used in the investigation of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. This compound is known to inhibit NF-κB activity and serves as a type 1 ferroptosis inducer. Its stable isotope labeling enhances analytical techniques, aiding in the study of pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways associated with Sulfasalazine's biological effects. -
Apoptosis/Autophagy Inducer
Formosanin C is a diosgenin saponin that functions primarily as an apoptosis and autophagy inducer. It exhibits notable anti-tumor activities through mechanisms such as blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting metastasis, and promoting ferroptosis. Additionally, Formosanin C can suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing anti-inflammatory effects while enhancing immune cell activity. This compound is relevant for research in anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and anti-cancer applications, particularly concerning lung, liver, breast, and colorectal cancers. -
Na+ Channel Blocker
Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate is a sodium channel blocker that selectively inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, demonstrating use dependence. It has been shown to reduce growth, migration, and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells by up-regulating miR-145 expression, which subsequently leads to the inactivation of the MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, as an amide derivative, lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate has potential applications in the study of ventricular arrhythmias. -
P2X7 Antagonist
Bullatine A is a potent P2X7 antagonist with significant anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. It effectively inhibits ATP-induced BV-2 cell apoptosis and modulates inflammatory responses mediated by P2X receptors. Bullatine A has demonstrated the ability to reduce glioma cell growth by targeting SIRT6, alleviate pain hypersensitivity in rodent models, and mitigate systemic inflammation via the ROS/JNK/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, it has shown potential in improving behavioral outcomes in models of chronic social defeat stress. This compound is valuable for research in inflammation, glioblastoma, and depression. -
NF-κB Inhibitor
Ginsenoside Rg6 is an NF-κB inhibitor that effectively attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, exhibiting an IC50 of 29.34 μM in HepG2 cells. In addition to its role in modulating NF-κB activity, Ginsenoside Rg6 demonstrates significant apoptotic effects, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and cancer biology. -
Antipsychotic Agent
Penfluridol is a potent, long-acting antipsychotic agent that primarily targets D2-like dopamine receptors. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and demonstrates efficacy in models of arthritis and colitis. Additionally, Penfluridol acts as a Ca2+-calmodulin inhibitor, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various cellular contexts. This compound is utilized in research focusing on chronic schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and it also shows antibacterial activity against E. faecalis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.81 μg/ml. -
Pharmaceutical Excipient
Sodium benzoate functions as a pharmaceutical excipient with multiple roles, including serving as an antibacterial agent and preservative. It enhances the stability, solubility, and processability of drug formulations while potentially influencing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of co-administered compounds. Additionally, sodium benzoate activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis, and has been studied for its immunosuppressive effects as well as reproductive toxicity. Its applications extend to research in colon cancer and immune diseases. -
Antibiotic
Lambertellin is an antibiotic with bactericidal and fungicidal properties. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by modulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. This compound is valuable for research focused on antimicrobial resistance and inflammatory responses. -
Radical Scavenger
Rubiadin is a polyketide-derived compound that acts as a free radical scavenger, effectively inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its biological activities include the inhibition of osteoclast formation, bone resorption, lipid peroxidation, and cancer cell proliferation, along with the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and induction of cancer cell apoptosis. Rubiadin demonstrates a diverse range of applications in research related to osteoporosis, inflammatory diseases, viral infections such as hepatitis B, various cancers, and both fungal and bacterial infections. -
Antifungal Agent
Sulconazole is a potent antifungal agent belonging to the imidazole class, primarily known for its ability to inhibit fungal growth. It exerts its effects by blocking the NF-κB/IL-8 signaling pathway, which is implicated in cancer stem cell formation and tumor progression. Additionally, Sulconazole shows potential for applications in breast cancer research, highlighting its dual role as both an antifungal and an anti-tumor compound. -
Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Nepetoidin B is an anti-inflammatory agent that exerts its effects by modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, Nepetoidin B also demonstrates antifungal and antibacterial activities. This natural compound, derived from Salvia plebeia R. Br., is suitable for research applications focused on inflammation and infectious diseases. -
Fungal Metabolite
Heveadride is a fungal metabolite that functions as an antifungal agent. It exhibits activity against a range of filamentous fungi as well as certain human pathogenic yeasts. Additionally, Heveadride has been shown to induce down-regulation of TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells, with an IC50 of 82.7 μM, making it a valuable tool for research in antifungal treatments and cancer biology. -
CXCR Inhibitor
Corydalmine, a CXCR inhibitor, demonstrates significant antifungal activity by inhibiting spore germination in various plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. Additionally, it serves as an oral analgesic agent, exhibiting potent analgesic effects. Corydalmine has been shown to alleviate Vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in murine models through the inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for pain research and therapeutic applications. -
CYP51/PD-L1 Inhibitor
CYP51/PD-L1-IN-3 is a dual inhibitor targeting CYP51 and PD-L1, exhibiting potent antifungal activity with IC50 values of 0.205 μM and 0.039 μM, respectively. This compound induces early apoptosis in fungal cells by reducing levels of intracellular IL-2, NLRP3, and NF-κBp65 proteins. Additionally, CYP51/PD-L1-IN-3 causes mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ultimately resulting in fungal lysis and cell death. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research in fungal infections and immune modulation. -
CYP51/PD-L1 Inhibitor
CYP51/PD-L1-IN-2 is a quinazoline compound that functions as a dual inhibitor of CYP51 and PD-L1, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.263 μM and 0.017 μM, respectively. It displays notable antifungal activity by triggering early apoptosis in fungal cells, leading to significant reductions in intracellular IL-2, NLRP3, and NF-κBp65 protein levels. Additionally, CYP51/PD-L1-IN-2 induces mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, culminating in fungal lysis and subsequent cell death. This compound is valuable for research exploring antifungal mechanisms and cancer immunotherapy. -
CYP51/PD-L1 Inhibitor
CYP51/PD-L1-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor targeting both CYP51 and PD-L1, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.884 μM for CYP51 and 0.083 μM for PD-L1. This quinazoline compound demonstrates notable antifungal activity by inducing early apoptosis in fungal cells while significantly reducing intracellular levels of IL-2, NLRP3, and NF-κBp65. Additionally, CYP51/PD-L1-IN-1 contributes to mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ultimately leading to fungal lysis and cell death. This compound is valuable for research focused on antifungal therapies and immune modulation. -
CXCR Inhibitor
Corydalmine hydrochloride is a potent CXCR inhibitor that demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting spore germination in certain plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. Additionally, it exhibits notable analgesic properties, effectively alleviating Vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in murine models. This effect is mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway, highlighting its potential applications in pain management research and fungal inhibition studies. -
LUBAC Inhibitor
HOIPIN-8 is a highly potent inhibitor of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), exhibiting an IC50 value of 11 nM. As a derivative of HOIPIN-1, it offers significantly enhanced inhibition, demonstrating a 255-fold increase in potency for petit-LUBAC, along with 10-fold and 4-fold increases in inhibiting LUBAC and TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation, respectively. HOIPIN-8 serves as an essential research tool for investigating the cellular functions of LUBAC and its role in various biological processes. -
NF-κB Degrader
EN450 is a cysteine-reactive covalent molecular glue degrader targeting NF-κB. By engaging with allosteric C111 in the E2 ubiquitin ligase UBE2D, EN450 facilitates the formation of a ternary complex involving UBE2D and NFKB1. This interaction leads to the degradation of NF-κB, resulting in notable anti-proliferative effects through a Cullin E3 ligase and proteasome-dependent mechanism. EN450 serves as a valuable tool for research involving NF-κB signaling and its implications in cancer biology. -
Anti-inflammatory agent
Hentriacontane is a long-chain alkane that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its bioactivity encompasses not only anti-inflammatory effects but also antitumor and antibacterial properties. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation modulation, cancer biology, and antimicrobial studies. -
Colistin Adjuvant
Colistin adjuvant-1 is a potent colistin adjuvant that enhances the activity of colistin against Gram-negative bacteria. It functions primarily by inhibiting NF-κB, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.209 μM. This compound is valuable for research applications aimed at combating antibiotic resistance and investigating combination therapies in bacterial infections. -
Antibacterial Agent
Cloxacillin is an orally active antibacterial agent and β-lactamase inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.04 µM. It effectively suppresses the inflammatory response induced by Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and proteins associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome. This compound is useful for research applications focused on bacterial infections and inflammatory processes. -
Sesquiterpene
Terrecyclic Acid is a sesquiterpene derived from the fungal species Aspergillus terreus. This compound exhibits notable antibiotic and anticancer properties, demonstrating activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micromonospora roseus with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25, 50, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, terrecyclic acid induces a heat shock response, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and suppresses NF-κB activity and cellular proliferation in 3T3-Y9-B12 cells. In vivo studies reveal that terrecyclic acid effectively reduces ascitic fluid tumor cell counts in a mouse model of P388 murine leukemia at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL. -
TPA Negative Control
4α-TPA is an inactive analog of TPA, serving as a negative control in TPA-mediated experiments. This reagent is critical for distinguishing specific TPA-activated events from non-specific responses in biological assays. It aids researchers in validating experimental outcomes related to TPA signaling pathways and discerning the effects of TPA on various cellular processes. -
PKC Inhibitor
PKC-IN-4 is a selective inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) with an IC50 of 0.52 µM. This compound effectively inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling in vitro, making it a valuable tool for studies involving inflammatory responses. Additionally, PKC-IN-4 has been shown to block VEGF- and TNF-α-induced permeability across the retinal vasculature, highlighting its potential in retinal disease research and vascular permeability exploration. -
Survivin Inhibitor
Isonanangenine B is a selective inhibitor of survivin, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.6 µM. It effectively obstructs the interaction of critical transcription factors, including Stat3 and NF-κB, with the survivin promoter. This compound holds potential for advancing cancer research, particularly in elucidating the mechanisms of survivin modulation in tumorigenesis. -
Doxorubicin Glycoside Ligand
Doxorubicinone is the aglycone form of the anthracycline antibiotic Doxorubicin, functioning primarily as a Doxorubicin glycoside ligand. It exhibits notable anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF and IL-12, through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Doxorubicinone is particularly useful in research related to sepsis and other inflammatory conditions, providing insights into cytokine regulation without inducing DNA damage. -
TNF-α/NF-κB Inhibitor
TNF-α-IN-28 is a selective inhibitor of TNF-α and NF-κB, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory activity. This compound effectively inhibits the expression of both TNF-α and NF-κB by targeting the TNF-α dimer. TNF-α-IN-28 is intended for use in research applications focused on inflammation, immune response modulation, and related signaling pathways. -
Na+/K+-ATPase Inhibitor
(-)-γ-Cuparenol is a sesquiterpene compound that acts as an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, with an IC50 value of 23.6 μg/mL in porcine models. It has demonstrated the ability to reduce phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced activation of NF-AT and NF-κB in Jurkat cells, indicating potential applications in immunoregulation. Additionally, (-)-γ-Cuparenol exhibits antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, as well as weak inhibitory effects on Candida albicans. This compound is relevant for research exploring cardiovascular diseases and bacterial infections. -
Antibiotic
Epoxyquinomicin C is an antibiotic derived from the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis sp. It displays anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in models of collagen-induced arthritis, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory pathways. Additionally, Epoxyquinomicin C serves as a synthetic precursor for the NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ, facilitating research into therapeutic applications targeting NF-κB signaling. -
Flavouring Agent
Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent primarily derived from various edible plants and fruits, including Angelica sinensis. It is known to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Additionally, vanillic acid exhibits chemopreventive effects, making it a valuable compound for research in inflammation and cancer prevention studies. -
Bacterial Inhibitor/Anti-inflammatory Agent
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) is a peptide-based compound that functions as a bacterial inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens, such as R. fascians, and demonstrates significant inhibition of critical signaling molecules like IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is valuable for research applications in developing biopesticides and investigating inflammation-related diseases. -
Organic Ketone
2-Undecanone is an organic ketone that exhibits antibacterial properties by inhibiting bacterial chaperone systems, thereby disrupting the refolding process of heat-inactivated proteins. Additionally, it mitigates asthmatic inflammation and airway remodeling through blockade of the NF-κB pathway, while activating the Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative damage and offer protection against lung cancer induced by Benzo[a]pyrene. This compound is relevant for research into cancer, asthma, and infectious diseases. -
Anti-Aging/Anti-Cancer Agent
8-O-Acetylharpagide is an iridoid glycoside compound that primarily targets anti-aging and anti-cancer pathways. At low doses, it demonstrates significant anti-aging properties, while high doses induce apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cells, effectively downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins such as Akt, p-Akt, and Bcl-2. Metabolism studies indicate that 8-O-acetylharpagide undergoes processes like demethylation, hydrolysis, and glucuronidation in rats, leading to the formation of active metabolites that attenuate the AKT/NF-κB/MMP9 signaling axis. Additionally, it exerts vasoconstrictive effects through the activation of vascular α-adrenoceptors, further contributing to its biological activity. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) primarily functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. This bioactive compound, derived from Eupatorium odoratum, demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor properties. It modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects and enhances coagulation time through the endogenous coagulation pathway. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 20.08 μg/mL, making it relevant for cancer research and therapeutic studies.
