Immunology & Inflammation

Items 1401-1450 of 3395

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  1. PD-L1 Inhibitor

    PD-L1-IN-8 is a selective PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.89 nM. It demonstrates low inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and minimal hERG activity, indicating a favorable safety profile. This compound is specifically useful in the investigation of PD-L1 mediated immune evasion in colon cancer research, contributing to the understanding of tumor-immune system interactions.
  2. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor

    PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25 is a potent inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, exhibiting an IC50 value of 16.17 nM. This compound effectively enhances T cell antitumor immunity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PD-1/PD-L1-IN-25 is instrumental for cancer research, particularly in studies focused on immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment modulation.
  3. PD-L1/CD-73 Inhibitor

    PD-L1/CD-73-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of PD-L1 and CD73, exhibiting IC50 values of 6 nM and 0.773 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. It is an essential tool for research applications focused on immune modulation and cancer therapy.
  4. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor

    PD-1/PD-L1-IN-58 is a selective inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, demonstrating a dissociation constant (KD) of 77.60 nM for PD-L1 in comparison to PD-1. This compound exhibits oral bioactivity and is particularly relevant for investigations into immune modulation and potential therapeutic strategies against influenza A virus. Its mechanism of action makes it a valuable tool for research aimed at understanding and manipulating immune responses in various disease contexts.
  5. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor

    LH1306 is a C2-symmetric inhibitor specifically targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction, demonstrating an IC50 value of 25 nM. This compound is pivotal for studies investigating immune checkpoint blockade and its potential applications in anti-tumor research. By modulating immune responses, LH1306 serves as a valuable tool for exploring therapeutic strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
  6. Inflammatory Cytokine Inhibitor

    JTE-607 is a selective inhibitor targeting the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 3 (CPSF3), demonstrating potent suppression of inflammatory cytokine synthesis. This compound effectively reduces the production of key inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IC50 values of 11, 5.9, 8.8, 7.3, and 9.1 nM, respectively. JTE-607 is utilized in research applications focused on understanding and mitigating inflammatory responses and endotoxin shock.
  7. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate is a glucocorticoid steroid that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, exhibiting significant immunomodulatory properties. It effectively inhibits the bioactivity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) with IC50 values of 6.7 μM and 21.4 μM, respectively. This compound is applicable in research focused on ulcerative colitis and recurrent oral ulcers, providing a valuable tool for studying inflammatory conditions and potential therapeutic interventions.
  8. IL-17A Inhibitor

    LY3509754 is a potent IL-17A inhibitor, demonstrating IC50 values of less than 9.45 nM in alphaLISA assays and 9.3 nM in HT-29 cell assays. This compound's selective inhibition of IL-17A makes it a valuable tool for investigating the role of IL-17A in inflammatory diseases and immune responses. Its use in research applications can help elucidate the therapeutic potential for conditions associated with IL-17A signaling.
  9. IL-17A antagonist

    IL-17A antagonist 1 is a potent inhibitor of the interleukin-17A cytokine, demonstrating a binding affinity (Kd) of 0.66 μM and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.14 μM. This compound effectively modulates IL-17A signaling, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory responses and autoimmune disorders. It is suitable for research applications focused on understanding the role of IL-17A in various biological processes and therapeutic interventions.
  10. IL-15 Agonist

    Inbakicept is a dimeric human IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15 Ra) sushi domain fused with human IgG1 Fc, serving as an IL-15 superagonist. This compound forms a complex with the IL-15 antibody Nogapendekin alfa, enhancing anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Inbakicept significantly promotes degranulation and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production in NK cells, making it a valuable tool for research in immunotherapy and cancer treatment strategies.
  11. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Magnesium sulfate is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and a potent inhibitor of L-type calcium channels. It exhibits diverse biological activities including anticonvulsant, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective effects. This compound is commonly utilized in research related to conditions such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, providing valuable insights into therapeutic interventions and underlying mechanisms of these disorders.
  12. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous eicosanoid mediator with significant anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. It modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting proliferation and cytokine/chemokine production in human epidermal keratinocytes through the ERK1/2 and NF-kB signaling pathways. Additionally, Lipoxin A4 effectively reduces serum amyloid A (SAA)-induced IL-8 release, demonstrating an IC50 of 25.74 nM. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research in inflammation and resolution processes.
  13. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride is an anti-inflammatory agent that acts as an orally active metabolite. It has been shown to significantly enhance the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, thereby exerting beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions. Research indicates that Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride may alleviate symptoms associated with Crohn's-like colitis, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory bowel disease.
  14. IL-17 Modulator

    IL-17 Modulator 4 is a proagent of IL-17 Modulator 1, serving as an IL-17 inhibitor targeting the interleukin-17 pathway. This compound exhibits potent modulation of IL-17A and is significant for research into IL-17A mediated diseases, including various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as infectious diseases and cancer. Its application in preclinical studies may enhance understanding of the therapeutic potential in these pathologies.
  15. Ikaros/Helios Degrader

    ALV1 is a molecular glue degrader targeting Ikaros (IKZF1) and Helios (IKZF2), with degradation constants (DC50) of 2.5 nM and 10.3 nM, respectively. It interacts with cereblon (CRBN) with an IC50 of 0.55 μM, promoting CRBN-Helios dimerization. ALV1 is useful for investigating the roles and mechanisms of regulatory T cells in various biological contexts.
  16. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Militarine is an anti-inflammatory agent that primarily targets the NF-κB signaling pathway. It demonstrates significant biological activity by alleviating PM2.5-induced inflammatory injury and inhibiting cell migration in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Additionally, Militarine functions as a plant growth inhibitor, affecting the elongation of radicles and hypocotyls in various plant species. This compound is suitable for research applications related to PM2.5-induced pulmonary diseases and plant physiology studies.
  17. IL-2R Agonist

    Nemvaleukin alfa is an IL-2 fusion protein that selectively targets intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2R). Its mechanism involves activating natural killer (NK) cells and effector T cells, thereby enhancing immune responses. This reagent is utilized in cancer research to investigate immune modulation and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving anti-tumor immunity.
  18. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Regaloside B is a phenylpropanoid with significant anti-inflammatory activity. Isolated from Lilium longiflorum, it effectively inhibits the expression of key inflammatory markers including VCAM-1, iNOS, and COX-2, as well as modulating the mRNA levels of various chemokines and angiogenic factors such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and IL8. Regaloside B is a useful reagent for research applications focused on osteogenic differentiation and inflammation-related studies.
  19. IL-22 Activator

    Efmarodocokin alfa is a fusion protein comprising human IL-22 and the IgG4 crystallizable fragment, functioning primarily as an IL-22 activator. This reagent enhances IL-22 signaling pathways, contributing to the modulation of immune responses. It is particularly relevant for research applications focused on severe COVID-19 pneumonia, facilitating studies on therapeutic strategies that leverage IL-22 in inflammation and tissue repair processes.
  20. Anti-inflammatory agent

    Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid monoglucoside that exhibits orally active antihypertensive properties. It inhibits human intestinal maltase and HMG-CoA reductase with Ki values of 1.8 mM and 9.8 μM, respectively. Additionally, Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside demonstrates antibacterial activity and has been shown to regulate intestinal flora and support metabolic homeostasis in murine models. This compound is valuable for research applications in inflammation, metabolic regulation, and gut microbiota studies.
  21. IL-17 Modulator

    IL-17 modulator 3 is a specific IL-17 modulator that targets the IL-17 signaling pathway, playing an essential role in immune regulation. It exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties and is valuable for research into inflammatory conditions, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. This compound offers insights into the modulation of IL-17 related pathways in various biological contexts.
  22. IL6/STAT3 Inhibitor

    Angoline is a selective inhibitor of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway, demonstrating an IC50 of 11.56 μM. It effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3, leading to reduced expression of target genes associated with cancer progression. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cancer biology and the modulation of inflammatory responses.
  23. CXCR2 Agonist

    Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH acts as a CXCR2 agonist and is an endogenous degradation product of extracellular collagen. This compound demonstrates significant bactericidal activity through hydrogen peroxide generation and plays a role in inhibiting pulmonary inflammation while reducing immune cell apoptosis. Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH promotes the secretion of IFN-γ and suppresses the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in leukocytes. It is relevant for research applications in sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, severe asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and corneal ulcers, notably influencing neutrophil behavior and tissue remodeling processes.
  24. Anti-neuroinflammatory Agent

    Murrayafoline A is a carbazole alkaloid that functions as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent by directly targeting Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This compound induces G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest in PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes the degradation of β-catenin, thereby attenuating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, Murrayafoline A enhances contractility in rat ventricular myocytes and activates L-type calcium currents through protein kinase C activation. Researchers can utilize Murrayafoline A to investigate inflammation, vascular complications, and colon cancer.
  25. CXCR2 Antagonist

    Elubrixin tosylate is a selective and reversible antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor, functioning as an IL-8 receptor antagonist. This compound effectively inhibits neutrophil CD11b upregulation with an IC50 of 260.7 nM and neutrophil shape change with an IC50 of 310.5 nM. Its biological activity positions Elubrixin tosylate as a valuable tool in research aimed at understanding and treating inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and airway inflammation.
  26. Anti-inflammatory

    Eupafolin, also known as Nepetin or 6-Methoxyluteolin, is a natural flavonoid derived from Eupatorium ballotaefolium HBK, recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. It effectively inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, exhibiting IC50 values of 4.43 μM, 3.42 μM, and 4.17 μM, respectively, in ARPE-19 cells. Eupafolin serves as a valuable research compound for studying inflammation and related pathways in various biological contexts.
  27. Cyclophilin Inhibitor

    Rencofilstat (CRV431) is a potent pan-cyclophilin inhibitor that targets multiple cyclophilins with IC50 values of 2.5 nM for Cyp A, 3.1 nM for Cyp B, 2.8 nM for Cyp D, and 7.3 nM for Cyp G. This compound is effective in reducing fibrosis and tumor growth in chronic liver disease models. Rencofilstat is suitable for research applications related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver diseases induced by viral hepatitis.
  28. interleukin-2 receptor alpha (CD25) Targeting Agent, Treg Expander

    Melredableukin alfa is a bivalent conjugate targeting the interleukin-2 receptor alpha (CD25) and acts as a Treg expander. This compound demonstrates enhanced selectivity for regulatory T cells in cynomolgus monkey and humanized mouse models. Melredableukin alfa is utilized in research related to autoimmune conditions, including ulcerative colitis and autoimmune hepatitis, enabling exploration of Treg cell modulation in therapeutic contexts.
  29. IL-17A Antagonist

    Simepdekinra is an IL-17A antagonist that plays a crucial role in modulating inflammatory responses. It demonstrates significant potential in the research of moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis by inhibiting the activity of IL-17A, a key cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Its application in preclinical studies provides valuable insights into therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune skin diseases.
  30. Nrf2 inhibitory protein Keap-1 Activator

    KMS99220 is a potent activator of the Nrf2 inhibitory protein Keap-1, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. This compound enhances AMPK activity and activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, leading to decreased phosphorylation of IκB, reduced translocation of NFκB, and modulation of MAPK pathways. KMS99220 promotes the expression of neuroprotective genes, including HO-1 and NQO1, and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting iNOS and IL-1β production. Its application in research focuses on understanding neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, particularly its effects on dopaminergic neuron preservation and associated motor dysfunction.
  31. IL-2/IL-2Rα Inhibitor

    SP4206 is an inhibitor of the IL-2/IL-2Rα interaction, exhibiting high-affinity binding to IL-2 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 70 nM. By effectively blocking the interaction with its natural receptor IL-2Rα, which has a Kd of 10 nM, SP4206 has significant potential for modulating immune responses. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on autoimmune diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and enhancing our understanding of IL-2-mediated signaling pathways.
  32. IL-18 Inhibitor

    NSC80734 is an IL-18 inhibitor that effectively disrupts the binding of human IL-18 to ectromelia virus IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). This compound inhibits the IL-18-mediated production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), making it a valuable tool for studying the role of IL-18 in inflammatory processes and immune responses. NSC80734 is applicable in research focusing on cytokine signaling and related biological pathways.
  33. IL-17C/IL-17RE Interaction Inhibitor

    Lib2-1 is a macrocyclic peptide that functions as an inhibitor of the IL-17C/IL-17RE interaction. This compound demonstrates significant potential in modulating inflammatory responses, making it a valuable tool in the study of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Researchers can utilize Lib2-1 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of IL-17C signaling and its implications in various pathological conditions.
  34. IL-15 Agonist

    Nogapendekin alfa (his tag) is a soluble protein subunit of a human interleukin-15 variant, acting as a potent superagonist of IL-15. It enhances the proliferation and survival of immune cells, making it valuable for various immuno-oncology studies. In combination with Inbakicept, Nogapendekin alfa forms the IL-15 cytokine-antibody fusion protein N-803, which has demonstrated the ability to reduce tumor burden through the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. This reagent is instrumental in research applications targeting cancer immunotherapy and immune response modulation.
  35. IL-17A Antagonist

    IL-17A antagonist 3 is a selective inhibitor of IL-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This compound effectively blocks the interaction of IL-17A with its receptor, leading to reduced downstream inflammatory responses. It is applicable in research focused on the pathophysiology of conditions such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other IL-17-mediated disorders.
  36. IL-17A Modulator

    IL-17A modulator-2 selectively targets interleukin-17A (IL-17A), functioning as a potent inhibitor with a pIC50 of 8.3. This compound effectively modulates the biological activity of IL-17A, making it valuable for research into a variety of conditions linked with IL-17A dysregulation. Applications include investigations into autoimmune diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders where IL-17A plays a significant role in pathogenesis.
  37. IL-18 Inhibitor

    NSC61610 is an inhibitor of interleukin-18 (IL-18) that disrupts the binding of human IL-18 to the ectromelia virus IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). It effectively inhibits the formation of the hIL-18:ectvIL-18BP complex, demonstrating an IC50 of approximately 6 µM. This compound is valuable for research applications involving inflammatory responses and the study of viral interactions with host immune mechanisms.
  38. IL-17A Modulator

    IL-17A modulator-1 is a selective modulator of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) that inhibits its biological activity with a pIC50 of 8.2. This compound is valuable for research into diseases associated with dysregulation of IL-17A, including autoimmune disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its ability to modulate IL-17A activity makes it a pertinent tool for studies investigating immune responses and therapeutic interventions.
  39. IL-1 Inhibitor

    Lys-D-Pro-Thr is an IL-1β analogue, specifically targeting the positions 193-195 of the IL-1β protein. It acts as a potent inhibitor of IL-1, playing a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses. This reagent is valuable for research applications focused on inflammatory pathways, autoimmune diseases, and the modulation of cytokine signaling.
  40. IL-17A Inhibitor

    Navepdekinra is a potent inhibitor of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), with an IC50 of 10.81 nM. By disrupting the interaction between IL-17A and its receptor, Navepdekinra effectively suppresses downstream pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in reducing arthritis symptoms in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model and is applicable to research in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
  41. FAPα/IL-2Rβγ Immunocytokine

    Simlukafusp alfa is an immunocytokine composed of an antibody targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα) and a variant of interleukin-2 (IL-2) that selectively engages the IL-2 receptor βγ chain. This unique structure enhances the immune response against FAPα-expressing tumors while promoting T-cell activation and proliferation. Simlukafusp alfa is suitable for research applications focused on cancer immunotherapy and the study of tumor microenvironments, particularly in evaluating the efficacy of targeted immune modulation.
  42. IL-1 Antagonist

    Goflikicept is an IL-1 antagonist that functions as a fusion protein, selectively binding to and neutralizing both IL-1β and IL-1α. This mechanism of action positions Goflikicept as a valuable tool for research focused on inflammatory conditions, particularly in the context of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Its ability to modulate IL-1 signaling pathways makes it relevant for studying various cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders.
  43. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Noreugenin is a phenolic compound that serves as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and reducing proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17A in LPS-induced murine pleurisy. Additionally, it diminishes apoptosis and necrosis while lowering lipid peroxidation and modulating antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GST). With its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, Noreugenin is valuable for investigating various inflammatory conditions, including pleurisy.
  44. CD47-SIRPα Signalling Inhibitor

    RS17 is a CD47-SIRPα signaling inhibitor that disrupts the interaction between CD47 and its ligand, SIRPα, on macrophage surfaces. By binding to CD47, RS17 prevents the transmission of signals that enable selective phagocytosis, thereby promoting the recognition and clearance of tumor cells by macrophages. This peptide is valuable for researching anti-tumor responses and mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer.
  45. SIK Inhibitor

    PF-07899895 is a selective SIK inhibitor, demonstrating potent activity with IC50 values of 1.2 nM, 0.9 nM, and 1.8 nM against SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3, respectively. This compound effectively modulates the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in immune cells. PF-07899895 is highly relevant for research into inflammatory diseases and understanding immunological responses.
  46. IL-23R Inhibitor

    IL-23R inhibitor peptide-1 is a potent interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.0069 μM. It is designed to modulate the signaling pathway of IL-23, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. This reagent is suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory responses and therapeutic strategies targeting IL-23 signaling.
  47. IL-17 Modulator

    (R)-IL-17 modulator 4 is a selective modulator of IL-17, functioning as a proagent for IL-17 modulator 1, a potent and orally active IL-17 inhibitor. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in the modulation of IL-17A signaling pathways, making it valuable in the study of IL-17A mediated diseases. Research applications include investigating its role in inflammation, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, and precancerous syndromes.
  48. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    (±)-Lisofylline is an anti-inflammatory agent that acts by inhibiting the generation of phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. It effectively blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, making it relevant for research in oxidative tissue injury, cancer chemotherapy responses, and experimental sepsis. Additionally, (±)-Lisofylline has applications in studies related to Type 1 diabetes.
  49. IL-2 Inhibitor

    IL-2-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2), exhibiting an IC50 value of 1978 nM. It demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity, making it a valuable tool for research in immune modulation and cytokine signaling. This compound is ideal for studies focused on T cell regulation and potential therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases and cancers linked to IL-2 signaling.
  50. STING Inhibitor

    STING-IN-11 is a potent STING inhibitor with an IC50 of 37.8 nM. By blocking the palmitoylation of the STING protein, it effectively inhibits STING-mediated downstream signaling and associated inflammatory pathways. This compound demonstrates favorable in vivo safety, making it an excellent candidate for research into STING-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

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