Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Entrectinib, also known as RXDX-101 and NMS-E628, is an oral small molecule inhibitor of TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, as well as ROS1 and ALK, with high potency and selectivity.

Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is a competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2.

CADD522 is a potent inhibitor of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2)-DNA binding with an IC50 of 10 nM. CADD522 exhibits antitumor activity.

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline, interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibiting the DNA synthesis, and preventing bacterial cell growth.

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) inhibitor, effective inhibits (KGDHC) in muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts.

Repotrectinib (TPX-0005) is a potent ROS1 (IC50=0.07 nM), TRK (0.83/0.05/0.1 nM=TRKA/B/C) inhibitor.

WY-135 is an ALK (IC50=1.4 nM) and ROS1 (IC50=1.1 nM) dual inhibitor.

L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor.

Lexibulin 2Hcl (CYT-997 2Hcl) is a potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50 of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo.

Picrasidine A is a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor derived from the natural product Picrasma quassioides. This compound demonstrates the ability to inhibit UVB-induced ROS generation, making it a valuable tool for research in oxidative stress and related cellular responses. Its applications extend to studies investigating the protective effects against UV radiation and the underlying mechanisms of antioxidative pathways.

Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects.

Febuxostat is a non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (Ki = 1.2 nM).

J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death.

Taletrectinib (DS-6051b) is a potent, orally active, and new-generation selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor.

Nexinhib20 is a selective inhibitor of the Rab27a-JFC1 interaction (IC50: 2.6 μM) and Rac-1-GTP signaling. This compound effectively inhibits neutrophil exocytosis, adhesion, and β2 integrin activation, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory properties. Nexinhib20 is suitable for research applications focused on systemic inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ciprofloxacin is a potent topoisomerase IV inhibitor that demonstrates significant antibacterial activity as a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It induces both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Ciprofloxacin exhibits anti-proliferative properties and triggers apoptotic pathways, making it a valuable tool for research applications focused on bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and cancer biology.

Lactobionic acid is a bionic acid that functions as a bacterial inhibitor, comprising gluconic acid and galactose. It exhibits potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, making it valuable in research related to food safety and microbiology. Lactobionic acid is effective against food-borne pathogens and has been shown to inhibit DNA repair, protein synthesis, and key metabolic pathways in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Its applications extend to developing new functional products and enhancing food preservation.

Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPPIX) is a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in cellular stress responses and tumor progression. SnPPIX has been shown to sensitize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors to chemotherapy in mouse models, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and supporting its potential use as a chemosensitizing agent in cancer treatment.

HKB99 is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) that induces apoptosis and suppresses cell migration by inhibiting the formation of invasive pseudopodia. It increases oxidative stress, activates the JNK/c-Jun pathway, and downregulates AKT and ERK signaling. HKB99 is a promising compound for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) is an orally active and selective ALK/ROS1 inhibitor that effectively blocks tyrosine autophosphorylation of ALK, mutant ALK, and EGFR, with IC50 values ranging from 5.38 to 16.74 nM. Additionally, it inhibits the transport activity of MATE1, MATE2K, P-gp, and BCRP. Iruplinalkib is under investigation for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that significantly downregulates pro-apoptotic molecules, including caspase-3 and caspase-12. Additionally, it suppresses ERK signaling, contributing to its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects.

Licochalcone D is a naturally occurring flavonoid primarily found in the root of *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* (Chinese licorice). It functions as a potent and orally active inhibitor of the NF-κB p65 subunit, a key regulator of inflammation and cancer-related signaling pathways. Licochalcone D exhibits broad pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, making it a promising candidate for research in inflammation-related diseases and oncology.

Fluoflavine is a selective inhibitor of NOX1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This compound effectively reduces ROS levels, NOX1-mediated signaling pathways, and prevents retinal ganglion cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. In preclinical studies, Fluoflavine has demonstrated the ability to inhibit NADPH oxidase activity and mitigate pathological retinal neovascularization in models of oxygen-induced retinopathy. It is a valuable tool for investigating retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and proliferative retinopathy.