Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
Ethyl arachidonate is an esterified form of arachidonic acid, functioning as a lipophilic endogenous metabolite. It serves as a source of exogenous arachidonate in dietary regimens and cell culture, facilitating studies on fatty acid metabolism. Notably, ethyl arachidonate is the predominant fatty acid ethyl ester found in the brains of individuals with alcohol intoxication, making it relevant for research into alcohol-related neurobiology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Decyl aldehyde is a ten-carbon aldehyde that functions as a substrate for bacterial luciferase. This compound serves as an important endogenous metabolite in various biological systems. It is utilized in research applications focused on bioluminescence and metabolic studies, offering insights into cellular processes and enzyme activity. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Estromustine is the active metabolite of Estramustine phosphate, primarily targeting the mutant androgen receptor (m-AR). It demonstrates an EC50 of 2.6 μM in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and exhibits cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 9.73 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on androgen receptor mutations and their role in prostate cancer therapeutics. -
Endogenous Estrogen Precursor
β-Estradiol 17-acetate serves as an endogenous estrogen precursor, demonstrating significant cell viability and proliferation-enhancing properties. This compound promotes adhesion and proliferation in freshly isolated and revived female-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells while reversing decreased viability in revived male-derived counterparts. β-Estradiol 17-acetate exhibits the microvascular protective effects of estrogen, facilitating the culture of non-tumor human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro for up to two months post-cryopreservation. In the human skin and other models, it is biotransformed into β-estradiol through hydrolase activity. -
Endogenous Protein Marker
N-TCO-L-lysine is a non-canonical amino acid featuring a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) bioorthogonal reactive linker. This compound is engineered for the selective labeling of endogenous proteins through a bioorthogonal click reaction with SiR-Tz, facilitating site-specific incorporation. N-TCO-L-lysine is valuable for super-resolution and live-cell imaging applications, enabling researchers to study the dynamics and localization of proteins in their native environments. -
Leukotriene
Leukotriene E4 methyl ester is a methyl ester derivative of Leukotriene E4, functioning as a potent mediator of inflammatory responses. This compound is utilized in research to investigate the role of leukotrienes in various inflammatory diseases and conditions. Its ability to modulate immune system activity makes it a valuable tool for studying pathways involved in inflammation and allergic responses. -
Endogenous metabolites
2α-Methyl androsterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid that acts as a metabolite of mesterolone and drostanolone. It exhibits key biological activities related to androgen receptors, playing a significant role in various androgen-dependent processes. This compound is primarily utilized in research applications focused on steroid hormone metabolism and the development of anabolic therapies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
G-4'G-7S is an endogenous metabolite of genistein that primarily targets estrogen receptors. This compound exhibits estrogenic activity, making it valuable for research into mechanisms of hormone action and the role of phytoestrogens in biological systems. Its study may provide insights into the effects of dietary components on estrogen signaling and related health outcomes. -
Endogenous Autacoid
Adenosine-15N5 is a 15N-labeled analogue of adenosine, an endogenous autacoid that primarily targets four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. This compound plays a critical role in various physiological processes, influencing neuronal signaling, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and the regulation of blood cells. Its applications in research include studying cellular signaling pathways, metabolic regulation, and tissue response to physiological challenges. -
Endogenous metabolites
11β-Prostaglandin F1β is an endogenous metabolite and a stereoisomer of PGF1α, characterized by inverted hydroxyl groups at C-9 and C-11. This compound plays a significant role in modulating various physiological processes, including inflammation and reproductive functions. It is utilized in research applications focused on prostaglandin signaling pathways and their impact on cellular responses in various biological systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Estrone is a natural estrogenic hormone and a key endogenous metabolite. It is primarily produced in adipose tissue through the aromatization of androstenedione, serving as a significant representative of endogenous estrogens. Estrone plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including reproductive functions and the regulation of the menstrual cycle, making it valuable for research applications in endocrinology and reproductive biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Ethinylestradiol is an orally active synthetic estrogen that primarily targets estrogen receptors. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in modulating hormonal pathways and is extensively utilized in research related to menopausal symptoms, gynecological disorders, and the study of hormone-sensitive cancers. Its application in various assays helps elucidate estrogen-related mechanisms in health and disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Menadione is a naphthoquinone that serves as a precursor to active vitamin K2 in the body. This compound exhibits potential anticancer properties and functions as a radiosensitizer, enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy. Its biological activities make it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Pantothenic acid, also known as Pantothenate, is an essential trace nutrient and the required precursor for coenzyme A (CoA). This metabolite is integral to various biochemical processes, particularly in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism. D-Pantothenic acid is widely utilized in research focused on metabolic pathways and enzyme regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Vitamin B12, an essential endogenous metabolite, plays a crucial role in maintaining normal brain and nervous system function, as well as in erythropoiesis. It is associated with anti-inflammatory effects and offers protective benefits against oxidative stress-related conditions. This vitamin is widely utilized in research focusing on neurobiology, hematology, and related inflammatory diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hypoxanthine is an endogenous purine derivative that serves as a potential free radical generator. It is utilized as a biomarker for hypoxia, aiding in the study of oxygen deprivation and its associated metabolic responses. Research applications include investigations into cell injury mechanisms and the effects of hypoxic conditions on cellular functions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Inosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, is generated through the catabolism of adenosine. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. Inosine acts as an agonist for both adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors, making it valuable for research applications in inflammation, pain modulation, immune response, and neuroprotection. -
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that serves as a crucial human endogenous metabolite. It is integral to membrane phospholipids, contributing to the structural integrity and fluidity of cellular membranes, particularly within the epidermal water barrier. Additionally, linoleic acid has been implicated in oxidative stress pathways, affecting red blood cells and hemoglobin, which has implications for research in lipid metabolism and oxidative injury. -
Endogenous Metabolite
p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite known for its role in the aroma of vanilla. At elevated concentrations, it exhibits an antagonistic effect on the GABAA receptor, specifically the α1β2γ2S subtype. This compound is utilized in research applications investigating its impact on neuropharmacology and sensory perception. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Stachydrine hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite that primarily targets the NF-κB signaling pathway. It exhibits notable anti-hypertrophic activities, making it a candidate for research into therapeutic applications for cardiovascular diseases. Its ability to modulate inflammatory responses may provide valuable insights for studies focused on hypertensive conditions and related cardiovascular disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Theaflavin is a natural inhibitor targeting influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase, a key enzyme involved in viral replication and spread. This endogenous metabolite demonstrates significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable reagent in research focused on influenza pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Its role in modulating viral behavior positions it as a promising compound for studies on respiratory viral infections. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Campesterol is an endogenous metabolite classified as a plant sterol, primarily known for its cholesterol-lowering properties. This compound exhibits potential anticarcinogenic effects, making it valuable for research in lipid metabolism and cancer biology. Its role in modulating cholesterol levels and cellular processes positions campesterol as a significant focus of study in nutritional science and therapeutic development. -
Endogenous Metabolite
11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a potent inhibitor of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. It also activates the human mineralocorticoid receptor in COS-7 cells with an effective dose (ED50) of 10 nM. This compound is valuable for research in steroid metabolism and endocrine regulation. Its dual activity makes it a useful tool for studying hormone signaling pathways and their physiological implications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid acts as an endogenous metabolite with demonstrated antibacterial properties. This compound exhibits inhibitory activity against most gram-positive bacteria and select gram-negative strains, with an IC50 value of 160 μg/mL. It serves as a valuable tool for research in microbiology, particularly in studying bacterial resistance and metabolic pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-(+)-Cellobiose is a water-soluble disaccharide that serves as an endogenous metabolite involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. It acts as a vital carbon source for various microorganisms during fermentation, facilitating the production of ethanol and other metabolites. D-(+)-Cellobiose is primarily utilized in research applications related to biofuel production, particularly in the development of sustainable bioethanol processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol that acts as a lipophilic substrate, primarily serving as an endogenous metabolite. This compound is valuable in research on ferroptosis, providing insights into lipid metabolism and cellular oxidative stress. Its applications extend to studies exploring the mechanisms underlying cell death pathways and the role of lipid peroxidation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Retinyl palmitate is an ester of retinol and serves as the predominant form of vitamin A in the epidermis. Its primary mechanism is through the modification of cellular processes influenced by retinoids. This compound is widely utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic research applications, particularly in studies focusing on skin health and anti-aging formulations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Tyramine is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in the regulation of blood pressure through its interaction with adrenergic receptors. It plays a significant role in neurotransmission and the modulation of vascular tone. Research applications of tyramine include studies focused on cardiovascular physiology, neurochemistry, and the exploration of dietary impacts on health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
trans-Cinnamaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties. This compound is primarily utilized in organic synthesis, facilitating the preparation of highly polyfunctionalized furan rings through the reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Additionally, trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be employed to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde-β-cyclodextrin complexes, which serve as antimicrobial edible coatings to enhance the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Galactose is a naturally occurring aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose, serving as an important endogenous metabolite. It plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism and is involved in various biological processes, including glycoprotein synthesis and energy production. D-Galactose is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic disorders, cellular signaling, and the effects of glycosylation on protein function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is an endogenous metabolite recognized for its role as a disaccharide. This compound exhibits notable biological activity, including cellular protection against stress conditions and the modulation of autophagy. It serves as a valuable research tool in studies related to metabolic pathways, neuroprotection, and food science applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) is an endogenous metabolite and the immediate precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. It exhibits biological activities such as enhancing serotonin levels, which can contribute to mood regulation, appetite suppression, and improved sleep quality. L-5-HTP is utilized in research focusing on conditions such as fibromyalgia, myoclonus, migraine, and cerebellar ataxia, serving as a valuable tool for studying serotonergic pathways and their implications in various neurological disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite,Cancer Inhibitor
Protoporphyrin IX is an endogenous metabolite and a potent cancer inhibitor, functioning primarily as a radiation sensitizer. It enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, even under hypoxic conditions, leading to increased DNA damage. As a photosensitizer, Protoporphyrin IX undergoes photobleaching upon light exposure, facilitating targeted cancer therapies. Research indicates its efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma and offers promise for sonodynamic and photodynamic applications in various cancers, including bladder cancer. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide with significant roles in carbohydrate metabolism. As an endogenous metabolite, it is primarily derived from the hydrolysis of sucrose and is found in honey, fruits, and various plants. D-Fructose is utilized in research to study metabolic pathways, energy production, and the regulation of blood sugar levels, making it an important compound for investigating metabolic disorders and diabetes. -
Endogenous Metabolite, Precursor of Edoxudine
2'-Deoxyuridine is a nucleoside that serves as a precursor for the antiviral agent Edoxudine and plays a crucial role in nucleotide metabolism. It has been shown to increase chromosome breakage and reduce thymidylate synthase activity, highlighting its significance in DNA synthesis research. Additionally, 2'-deoxyuridine has demonstrated the ability to reduce microglial activation and improve oxidative stress in models of Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, making it a valuable tool for Alzheimer's disease research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cholic acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a primary bile acid synthesized in the liver, typically conjugated with glycine or taurine. It plays a crucial role in facilitating fat absorption and promoting cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid sodium is also orally active, making it valuable for studies related to lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Mannose is a naturally occurring C-2 superpolymer of glucose that functions as an endogenous metabolite. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, contributing to immune regulation and offering potential therapeutic benefits. D-Mannose is utilized in various research applications aimed at understanding its roles in immunology and cancer biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-(+)-Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite that selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity through a noncompetitive mechanism. This inhibition effectively suppresses the increase in plasma glucose levels following sucrose ingestion, making it a valuable tool for research on carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes. Its role in modulating sugar absorption positions L-(+)-Arabinose as a significant compound for studies focused on metabolic disorders and intestinal enzyme activity. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid that functions as an endogenous metabolite. It is involved in various biological processes and can serve as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent in laboratory settings. Its applications extend to biochemical research, where it is utilized in studies related to plant metabolism and environmental stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite, L-enantiomer of Isoleucine
L-Isoleucine is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine and an essential branched-chain amino acid. It functions as a pivotal endogenous metabolite in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. L-Isoleucine plays a critical role in modulating the inflammatory response, contributing to the protection against pathogens both in vivo and in vitro. This compound is often utilized in studies exploring metabolic pathways, protein synthesis, and immune responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
NSC 42196 is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in cellular metabolism. It is involved in various biochemical pathways and is primarily used for the study of metabolic processes and the regulation of physiological responses. Research applications include investigations of metabolic disorders and the exploration of homeostatic mechanisms in cellular function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Threonine is an essential amino acid and a key endogenous metabolite that plays a critical role in protein synthesis and metabolism. It is involved in various biological processes, including immune function and central nervous system function. L-Threonine is commonly utilized in nutritional studies, metabolic research, and formulations for animal feed and supplements. -
Endogenous Metabolite
β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that serves as a precursor for the synthesis of carnosine, an important intracellular buffer. This metabolite is involved in maintaining pH homeostasis within cells, particularly in muscle tissues during intense physical activity. β-Alanine is widely utilized in biochemical research and studies focusing on muscle performance and fatigue. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid that acts as an endogenous metabolite. It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, myristic acid also demonstrates antibacterial and analgesic effects, making it valuable for research in inflammation, immunity, and pain management. -
Endogenous Metabolite
ATP disodium salt hydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate) is an essential endogenous metabolite involved in cellular energy storage and metabolism. It functions as a primary energy currency, powering metabolic processes and serving as a coenzyme in various biochemical reactions. Additionally, ATP disodium salt hydrate plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways related to immune responses and inflammation, making it a valuable reagent for research in these areas. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Lecithin is an endogenous metabolite and a conventional source of phospholipids, primarily known for its role in membrane architecture. It plays a critical role in modulating the fatty acid composition and microstructure of cellular membranes in animal cells. Lecithin is widely used in research applications involving cell membrane studies, lipid metabolism, and the development of lipid-based formulations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound that acts as an endogenous metabolite. It exhibits significant biological activity by directly inhibiting MEK1 and PI3K, contributing to its potential role in suppressing skin cancer. This compound is useful in research applications focused on cancer biology and the investigation of signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Histidine (monohydrochloride) is an essential amino acid that serves as a critical endogenous metabolite, particularly for infants. It plays a role in various biological processes and functions as an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport. This compound is frequently used in research applications involving amino acid metabolism, cellular signaling pathways, and neurotransmitter synthesis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylpentanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from succinic acid, an important intermediary in the citric acid cycle. This compound plays a role in metabolic pathways and energy production within cells. It is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic profiling and the study of metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Methylsalicylic acid, also known as o-Cresotic acid, primarily functions as an endogenous metabolite. This compound demonstrates notable fibrinolytic activity by activating the fibrinolytic system in human plasma, making it valuable in studies related to blood clotting and wound healing. Additionally, 3-Methylsalicylic acid can serve as a synthetic intermediate for the production of various chemical entities and has been observed to inhibit feeding behaviors in midges, highlighting its potential for ecological research applications.
