Isotope-Labeled Compounds

L-Glutamic acid-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid, primarily utilized in metabolic studies and tracer experiments. As an excitatory neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid functions as an agonist at various glutamate receptor subtypes, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. This compound is valuable in research exploring neurotransmission and the modulation of dopamine release from dopaminergic terminals, providing insight into neurochemical pathways and their implications in neurological disorders.

Sorafenib-13C,d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Sorafenib, a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sorafenib exhibits strong biological activity, with IC50 values of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively, in addition to notable inhibition of multiple kinases such as VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ. This compound promotes autophagy and apoptosis and is recognized for its anti-tumor properties, serving as a valuable tool in cancer research and therapeutic studies exploring ferroptosis mechanisms.

Simvastatin-d6 is a deuterated form of Simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, exhibiting a Ki of 0.2 nM. The stable isotope labeling enables precise metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic analyses in research applications. This reagent is essential for investigating lipid metabolism, cholesterol regulation, and the effects of statin therapy in various biological models.

Lapatinib-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Lapatinib, a potent, orally active inhibitor of the ErbB-2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase domains. It exhibits IC50 values of 10.2 nM for EGFR and 9.8 nM for ErbB-2, demonstrating its superior efficacy in inhibiting these targets. This stable isotope compound is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies to trace the absorption and distribution of Lapatinib in biological systems.

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid, incorporating deuterium, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 isotopes. This compound serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter and functions as an agonist for all glutamate receptor subtypes, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. Its unique labeling permits advanced studies on neurotransmission and metabolic pathways, making it valuable for research in neurobiology, pharmacology, and metabolic profiling.

2-Acetamidophenol-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of 2-Acetamidophenol, primarily utilized as a stable isotope. This compound influences ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism pathways, demonstrating anti-atherosclerotic properties. In zebrafish models of hyperlipidemia, it effectively reduces total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with IC50 values of 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. Additionally, 2-Acetamidophenol-d3 enhances the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes and mitigates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, ultimately inhibiting the formation of foam cells through reduced macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

Coenzyme Q10-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Coenzyme Q10, an essential cofactor in the electron transport chain. This stable isotope plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production and acts as a potent antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10-d6 is valuable for metabolic studies, tracer studies, and the investigation of oxidative stress in various biological systems.

Pioglitazone-d4 (alkyl) is a deuterated form of Pioglitazone, a selective agonist of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma). This compound exhibits high-affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain, with EC50 values of 0.93 μM for human PPARγ and 0.99 μM for mouse PPARγ. Pioglitazone-d4 (alkyl) is useful in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic research, and tracing PPARγ-mediated biological effects in various cellular contexts.

Simvastatin-d3 is a deuterated analog of Simvastatin, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, exhibiting a Ki of 0.2 nM. This stable isotope is useful for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic tracing in lipid regulation research. Its specificity towards HMG-CoA reductase makes it an important tool for investigating cholesterol biosynthesis and the effects of statins on cellular metabolism.

Alogliptin-d3 is a deuterated form of Alogliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that demonstrates high potency with an IC50 of less than 10 nM and outstanding selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. This stable isotope variant is particularly valuable in metabolic research and can aid in the investigation of type 2 diabetes mechanisms. It serves as a useful tool for examining pharmacokinetic behavior and metabolic pathways in biochemical studies.

Coenzyme Q10-d9 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Coenzyme Q10, a crucial cofactor involved in the electron transport chain. It exhibits significant antioxidant activity, making it valuable for research into cellular respiration and oxidative stress. This stable isotope is ideal for metabolic studies and tracer applications in biochemical research.

L-Glutamine-15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamine, often utilized in metabolic and tracer studies. This non-essential amino acid plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, serving as a source of nitrogen and carbon for cellular function. Its applications extend to research in nitrogen metabolism, protein turnover, and cellular energy production, making it a valuable tool in both basic and clinical research settings.

L-Glutamine-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of L-Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid integral to various metabolic pathways. This stable isotope serves as a valuable tracer in metabolic studies, allowing for precise tracking of nitrogen and carbon flow in biological systems. L-Glutamine-d5 is utilized in research applications involving cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and nitrogen metabolism, contributing to insights in nutritional and physiological studies.

L-Glutamine-15N is a stable isotope-labeled form of the non-essential amino acid L-Glutamine. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes and serves as a key source of carbon for cellular oxidation in certain tissues. L-Glutamine-15N is commonly utilized in metabolic studies, tracer experiments, and isotopic labeling applications, enabling researchers to investigate amino acid metabolism and nitrogen flux in biological systems.

L-Glutamine-15N-1 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid integral to numerous metabolic processes. It serves as a carbon source for oxidation in various cells, making it valuable for studying metabolic pathways and amino acid metabolism. This reagent is particularly useful in tracer studies, metabolic flux analysis, and isotopic labeling experiments within biochemical research.

L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutathione reduced (GSH), designated by the incorporation of 13C and 15N isotopes. GSH serves as a critical endogenous antioxidant, effectively neutralizing oxygen-derived free radicals and maintaining redox homeostasis within cells. This labeled compound is essential for tracing glutathione metabolism and studying oxidative stress responses in various biological systems.

L-Glutamic acid-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of L-Glutamic acid, functioning as a stable isotope. L-Glutamic acid serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter and agonist at various glutamate receptors, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA subtypes. This compound is valuable for studying neurotransmitter dynamics and elucidating dopaminergic signaling pathways, particularly in investigations of dopamine release from dopaminergic terminals.

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid, featuring five carbon-13 and one nitrogen-15 isotopes. This compound serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter, functioning as an agonist at all glutamate receptor subtypes, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. It is particularly valuable for research on neurotransmitter release dynamics, specifically enhancing dopamine release from dopaminergic terminals, making it suitable for studies in neurobiology and pharmacology.

L-Glutamic acid-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid. As an excitatory neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid functions as an agonist at various glutamate receptors, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA subtypes. It plays a key role in neurotransmission and has been shown to directly enhance the release of dopamine from dopaminergic terminals, making it valuable for research in neurobiology and related fields.

L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid. As an excitatory neurotransmitter, it functions as an agonist at various glutamate receptor subtypes, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is utilized in metabolic studies and tracer experiments, providing insights into neurotransmitter dynamics and the modulation of dopaminergic activity.

L-Cystine-d4 is the deuterated form of L-Cystine, an important amino acid and intracellular thiol. It serves as a crucial regulator of various cellular processes, particularly those involving oxidative stress and protein synthesis. This stable isotope is widely used in research applications, including metabolic studies and tracking of thiol groups in biochemical pathways.

L-Glutamine-13C5,15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of L-Glutamine, featuring five carbon-13 and two nitrogen-15 isotopes. This non-essential amino acid plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, serving as a vital substrate for nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the body. L-Glutamine-13C5,15N2 is particularly useful in metabolic studies, tracer investigations, and isotopic labeling experiments to track metabolic pathways and cellular functions.

L-Glutamic acid-15N is the nitrogen-15 isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamic acid. As a key excitatory neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid serves as an agonist at all glutamate receptor subtypes, including metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA. This compound is instrumental in research focused on neurotransmission and has been shown to directly enhance dopamine release from dopaminergic terminals, making it valuable for studies in neurobiology and pharmacology.

L-Glutamine-1-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid critical for various metabolic pathways. It serves as an important source of carbon for oxidative metabolism in specific cell types. This reagent is primarily utilized in metabolic research and tracer studies to elucidate metabolic flux and pathways involving amino acids, contributing valuable insights into cellular metabolism and physiological processes.

Pipecolic acid-d9 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Pipecolic acid, a crucial metabolite of lysine. This compound plays a significant role in inhibiting ferroptosis, particularly in diabetic retinopathy, through the modulation of the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Pipecolic acid serves as a valuable diagnostic marker for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, making it useful in various biological and clinical research applications.

Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled analogue of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter primarily synthesized in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus. This compound retains the essential biological functions of dopamine, including its interaction with D2 dopamine receptors, which mediates the endocytosis of VEGFR2, a key process in angiogenesis. Dopamine-d5 hydrochloride is valuable for research applications involving neurotransmitter dynamics, neuropharmacology, and angiogenic pathways.

Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterated form of Gallic acid, a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound known for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. This stable isotope serves as a valuable tool in metabolic studies and isotopic labeling experiments. Gallic acid exhibits a range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, making it suitable for various research applications, particularly in oxidative stress and inflammation-related studies.

L-Glutamine-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid integral to metabolic processes. It serves as a crucial source of carbon for oxidative metabolism in various cell types. This reagent is valuable for metabolic studies, allowing for detailed insights into amino acid utilization, cellular metabolism, and nutrient tracking in biological research.

Triadimenol-d4 is the deuterated form of Triadimenol, a triazole fungicide known for its role in agricultural applications. This isotopically labeled compound can be utilized in research to study the pharmacokinetics and environmental behavior of Triadimenol. Its incorporation in experimental designs helps elucidate metabolic pathways and assess potential toxicity in biological systems.

Naftifine-d3 hydrochloride is a deuterated analog of Naftifine hydrochloride, primarily acting as an antifungal agent. It exhibits significant activity against dermatophytes, Aspergillus species, Sporothrix schenckii, and Candida species. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for studying the inhibition of superficial dermatomycoses and for conducting pharmacokinetic and metabolic research.

Econazole nitrate-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Econazole, an imidazole class antifungal agent. This compound exhibits potent antifungal and antibacterial activities, making it useful for a variety of biological research applications. The stable isotope labeling allows for advanced tracking and analysis in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Econazole-related compounds.

Fmoc-Pro-OH-13C5,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of proline, featuring both 15N and 13C isotopes. This compound serves as a valuable tool in various biochemical studies, particularly in the analysis of protein structure and dynamics. Its isotopic labeling enhances the sensitivity and resolution of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, making it ideal for research applications in proteomics and metabolic studies.

(E)-β-Farnesene-d6 is a deuterated form of (E)-β-Farnesene, a natural aphid alarm pheromone primarily sourced from the essential oil of Phlomis aurea Decne. This compound demonstrates substantial binding affinity to the CDK2 receptor, with a score of -30.64 kcal/mol, and binds effectively to odorant-binding protein 3 (OBP3). (E)-β-Farnesene-d6 has applications in entomological research, notably as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly species Lutzomyia longipalpis, making it a valuable tool for studies on insect behavior and pheromonal signaling.

Octanal-d4 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Octanal, a fragrant aldehyde known for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This compound exhibits notable antifungal activity against G. citri-aurantii, potentially by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular contents. Additionally, Octanal demonstrates cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells, with an IC50 value of 3.5 μg/mL, making it relevant for studies in cancer biology and antimicrobial research.

Propiconazole-d7 is a deuterium-labeled analog of the triazole fungicide Propiconazole, which primarily targets the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol and disrupting fungal cell membranes. This compound demonstrates significant antifungal activity against species such as Trichophyton deformans and Rhizopus stolonifer, with effective doses of 0.073 and 4.6 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, Propiconazole-d7 enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), making it valuable for studies on oxidative stress in fungal pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms. This stable isotope-labeled compound is ideal for research applications requiring precise tracking of Propiconazole in biological systems.

Propamocarb-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Propamocarb, a systemic fungicide. This stable isotope is utilized in research applications involving the study of fungicidal mechanisms and environmental fate. Propamocarb effectively protects crops such as cucumbers and tomatoes from a variety of plant pathogens, making Propamocarb-d7 valuable for agricultural studies and metabolomics.

Penconazole-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Penconazole, a triazole fungicide primarily utilized for the management of powdery mildew in crops such as apples, grapes, and vegetables. This compound exerts its biological activity by inhibiting sterol biosynthesis in fungi, thereby disrupting cell membrane integrity. Additionally, Penconazole has been shown to decrease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rat models, making it relevant for neurobiological research applications.

Ethylparaben-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, functioning primarily as a stable isotope. This compound is utilized in various biological research applications, particularly in the study of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of preservatives. Its use allows for enhanced tracking and identification of Ethylparaben in experimental settings, thereby aiding in the understanding of its antifungal properties and safety assessments in food and pharmaceutical products.

Pyrimethanil-d5 is a deuterated derivative of the anilinopyrimidine fungicide Pyrimethanil, targeting the biosynthesis of methionine and other amino acids in fungi. This stable isotope is utilized for studying the mechanisms of action and metabolism of Pyrimethanil against Botrytis spp. It serves as a valuable tool in research focused on the prevention and control of fungal diseases in fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops.

Alexidine-d10 is a deuterium-labeled variant of Alexidine, a bis-biguanide compound. It demonstrates significant antifungal and antibiofilm activities against various fungal pathogens. Additionally, Alexidine acts as an anticancer agent by inhibiting the mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase PTPMT1, leading to mitochondrial apoptosis in mammalian cells. This isotope-labeled version can be particularly useful in studying metabolic pathways and drug interactions in biological systems.

Ravuconazole-d4 is a deuterium-labeled version of Ravuconazole, a potent triazole antifungal agent. This compound primarily inhibits fungal sterol biosynthesis by targeting lanosterol 14α-demethylase, effectively reducing fungal growth. Ravuconazole-d4 is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling related to antifungal research.

Terbinafine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the antifungal agent Terbinafine, a potent non-competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase with a Ki of 30 nM, effective against Candida species. This compound demonstrates additional antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Terbinafine-d3 includes an alkyne functional group, making it suitable for click chemistry applications, specifically in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reactions. This compound is valuable for research in antifungal therapeutic development and mechanistic studies.

Isoprothiolane-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Isoprothiolane, a known blast fungicide. This compound exhibits notable antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties, primarily targeting fungal growth and penetration during hyphal infection stages. Additionally, Isoprothiolane has been shown to influence lipid metabolism by reducing serum phospholipid and total lipid concentrations, making it valuable in research related to fatty liver disease. Its stable isotope labeling enhances its utility in mechanistic studies and metabolic tracing in various biological applications.

trans-2-Hexenal-d2-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of trans-2-Hexenal. This volatile compound is prevalent in fresh plant materials and is recognized for its distinct leafy aroma. It exhibits antifungal properties and effectively inhibits soybean seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, trans-2-Hexenal-d2-1 serves as a valuable tool for the detection of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds that react with biological nucleophiles in various biological samples.

Fluoxastrobin-d4 is a deuterium-labeled variant of Fluoxastrobin, a broad-spectrum fungicide. This stable isotope-labeled compound serves as a valuable tool for pharmacokinetic studies and environmental fate investigations of the parent compound. It aids in research applications that require precise quantification and tracking of Fluoxastrobin in biological samples, enhancing the understanding of its biological activity and metabolic pathways.

Nerol-d6 is a deuterated derivative of Nerol, functioning as a stable isotope. Nerol is known for its role in neroli oil and exhibits biological activities such as triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, elevating intracellular Ca2+ levels, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately leads to apoptosis. Additionally, it demonstrates antifungal activity, making it applicable in studies of cellular signaling, metabolism, and potential antifungal research.

Fenhexamid-d10 is a deuterium-labeled variant of Fenhexamid, a known inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis. This compound exhibits potent fungicidal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea), making it valuable for research into plant disease control and fungicidal mechanisms. Fenhexamid-d10 serves as a stable isotope standard in analytical studies, enhancing the understanding of fungicide behavior and metabolism in agricultural contexts.

2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d5 is a deuterated analog of 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate, known for its potent antifungal activity. It has been shown to effectively inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.22 mM. The antifungal mechanism may involve reducing toxin levels and compromising cell membrane integrity, making this compound valuable for research in mycology and antifungal agent development.

Undecanoic acid-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of undecanoic acid, serving as a stable isotope for research applications. This monocarboxylic acid exhibits antifungal activity by inhibiting the production of extracellular keratinase and lipase, as well as the biosynthesis of various phospholipids in Trichophyton rubrum. It is suitable for studies in lipid metabolism and antifungal drug development.

Caspofungin-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Caspofungin, a potent antifungal agent that targets the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component β-(1,3)-D-glucan. This stable isotope is commonly utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to track the drug's behavior in biological systems. Its unique isotopic labeling facilitates accurate quantification and analysis in various therapeutic and biochemical applications.