Natural Products

Loureirin A is a flavonoid extracted from Dragon's Blood, can inhibit Akt phosphorylation, and has antiplatelet activity.

Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside exhibits insulinomimetic effect on the rat soleus muscle.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells (IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 ?M for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

Nootkatone, a neuroprotective agent from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Beta-Asarone, found in certain plants such as Acorus and Asarum, could pass the blood-brain barrier and exerts neuroprotection effects.

(2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active compound isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum, with anti-diabetes and anti-diabetic nephropathy activity.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is a major anthraquinone isolated from Brazilian taheebo, with anti-inflammatory activity and antinociceptive.

Nodakenetin, isolated from Angelica decursiva, possesses antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities. Nodakenetin has the potential to be an antiarthritic and nerve tonic.

Alisol B is a potentially novel therapeutic compound for bone disorders by targeting the differentiation of osteoclasts as well as their functions.

Ligustrazine hydrochloride (Tetramethylpyrazine, Tetrapyrazine) is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Plitidepsin is a cyclic depsipeptide isolated from the marine tunicate Aplidium albicans. Plitidepsin displays a broad spectrum of antitumor activities, inducing apoptosis by triggering mitochondrial cytochrome c release, initiating the Fas/DC95, JNK pathway and activating caspase 3 activation. This agent also inhibits elongation factor 1-a, thereby interfering with protein synthesis, and induces G1 arrest and G2 blockade, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth.

Osajin is a bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera, commonly referred to as the Osage orange.

Propyl gallate is a common food antioxidant. Propyl gallate can inhibit the production of acrolein, glyoxal and methylglyoxal.

Methyl dihydrojasmonate is a fragrance ingredient with a jasmine-like odor, used in many fragrance mixtures.

8-Oxocoptisine is a natural protoberberine alkaloid with anti-cancer activity.

Thymoquinone is a natural product derived from Nigella sativa that primarily targets the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, and antiangiogenic effects, alongside hepatoprotective properties. Thymoquinone is valuable for research applications in areas such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, and inflammation.

Biotin-4-aminophenol is a biotin-phenol analog that facilitates the generation of free radicals. This compound exhibits enhanced and selective conjugation to tyrosine residues in proteins, outperforming previously reported analogs such as BP1. Its remarkable reactivity makes it a valuable tool for studying protein modifications and interactions in various biological research applications.

Conophylline is a vinca alkaloid derived from the leaves of the tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla. This compound functions as a differentiation inducer for pancreatic cells and demonstrates potent biological activity by suppressing hepatic stellate cells (HSC) while inducing apoptosis. It is of particular interest in research focused on pancreatic differentiation and the modulation of liver fibrosis.

Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) has antineoplastic properties. 

Fumonisin B4 is a derivative of fumonisin. Fumonisin B4 has low albumin binding capacity.

Epimedin A, one of the main flavonoid active components in Herba Epimedii, is orally active. Epimedin A can inhibit osteoclastogenesis, differentiation, and bone resorption. Epimedin A also possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Epimedin A can be used in the research of osteoporosis and inflammatory diseases.

Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is an orally active flavonoid glycoside. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside inhibits Apoptosis, increases the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt, inhibits caspase-3, SOD activity, and promotes cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12) secretion. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside strongly inhibits DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 17.5 μM. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside enhances immune function and improves the absorption of active compounds. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside has antioxidant activity. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is used in the study of cardiovascular disease and immune-related diseases.

Loganin is an iridoid glycoside known for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. It demonstrates protective effects against acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in response to LPS-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, Loganin mitigates neuroinflammation associated with spinal cord injury, highlighting its potential relevance in research on inflammatory and neuroprotective therapies.

(S)-(+)-Carvone is a natural product that exerts its effects primarily through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. It enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Additionally, (S)-(+)-Carvone promotes apoptotic cell death via activation of caspases and demonstrates potential therapeutic effects in conditions such as skin cancer, liver protection, arthritis, and cognitive enhancement. Its multifaceted biological activities make it valuable for research in oxidative stress-related diseases and inflammation.

Stigmalactam is an aristolactam-type alkaloid derived from Orophea enterocarpa, known for its anticancer properties. It induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, involving the activation of caspases 3 and 9, along with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, Stigmalactam demonstrates antioxidant activity by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This reagent is suitable for research in the contexts of liver and breast cancer.

Acrofolione A is an atisane diterpenoid that exhibits significant anticancer properties. It effectively induces G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NALM-6 pre-B cell leukemia cells, making it a valuable tool for leukemia research. This compound provides insights into mechanisms of cell cycle regulation and potential therapeutic strategies for treating leukemia.

Alisol B acetate is a triterpenoid compound derived from the tubers of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focused on natural product studies, pharmacology, and drug discovery.

Curcumin monoglucoside is a flavonoid derivative that exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties, alongside notable antibacterial activity. This compound is primarily utilized in research related to neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, due to its potential to mitigate neuronal damage and improve cellular resilience. Its diverse biological activities make it a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic strategies in various pathological conditions.

α-Amyrin acetate is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells and promotes apoptosis. Additionally, it has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, making it relevant for studies in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cancer, particularly breast cancer, and metabolic disorders.

Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan with significant anticancer activity primarily targeting prostate cancer. Isolated from Silybum marianum, it regulates cell cycle-related proteins by downregulating cyclins D3, D1, A, and E, as well as Cdk4, Cdk2, and Cdc25A. Additionally, Isosilybin B activates Caspases 9 and 3, promoting apoptosis and reducing levels of the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This compound is valuable for research focused on cancer biology and therapeutic interventions.

Tigilanol tiglate is a natural compound that activates protein kinase C (PKC) and C1 domains, leading to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. This dysregulation triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in ATP depletion, organelle expansion, and the activation of apoptotic pathways including Caspase activation and gasdermin E cleavage, ultimately driving terminal necrosis. Due to its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties, tigilanol tiglate is valuable for research on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma.

Patrinoside aglucone is an iridoid glucoside isolated from Valeriana tuberosa, exhibiting significant anticancer properties through G2/M phase tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. This compound effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer stem cells, such as MDA-MB-231 and U-251MG. Additionally, Patrinoside aglucone demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by its ability to inhibit nitric oxide release (IC50: 43.44 μM) and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and COX-2.

Loganic acid 6′-O-β-D-glucoside, an iridoidal glucoside, is derived from the Gentiana rhodantha plant of the Gentianaceae family. This compound demonstrates an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Its biological activity makes it a valuable reagent for research related to inflammation and immune response mechanisms.

Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol is a neolignan primarily derived from Anogeissus acuminata. This compound exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against melanoma cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. Its unique properties and biological activity position it for investigations into natural product-derived therapeutic strategies and potential anti-cancer applications.

Cardenolide B-1 is a natural product derived from the plant species Nerium oleander. This steroid compound exhibits notable biological activity, primarily serving as a potent inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase. It is widely utilized in research applications focused on cell signaling, cardiovascular function, and the development of cardiotoxic agents.

Pachymic acid is a lanostrane-type triterpenoid from P. cocos. Pachymic acid inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways.

Skimmianine is an orally active furoquiniline alkaloid present mainly in the Rutaceae family. Skimmianine has analgesic, antispastic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Skimmianine inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 8.6 μg/mL). Skimmianine exhibits cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines and genotoxicity. Skimmianine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Skimmianine exerts anti-inflammatory effects through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Skimmianine is neuroprotective by targeting the NF-κB activation pathway to prevent neuroinflammation. Skimmianine inhibits the release of histamine, intracellular Ca2+ signaling and protein kinase C signaling.

Kirenol is a diterpenoid compound, an orally active apoptosis inducer and signaling pathway regulator, with a Kd value of 5.47 μM against the target CK2. Kirenol promotes the cleavage of Bid into tBid, regulates the protein levels/phosphorylation of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and p21, and induces caspase-independent apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS accumulation and cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Kirenol activates the CK2/AKT and AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathways, inhibits the signaling of NF-κB, TGF-β/Smads and NLRP3 inflammasome, and regulates the GSK3β, BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Kirenol induces autophagy, mitophagy and osteoblast differentiation, promotes mitochondrial fusion, and exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, renoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and analgesic effects. Kirenol is applicable to research related to chronic myeloid leukemia, ischemic stroke, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, acute lung injury and osteoporosis.

Farrerol is a natural product derived from Rhododendron, primarily known for its diverse biological activities. It exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. This compound is valuable for research applications exploring cellular protection and treatment strategies for various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Polygalacin D3 is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the roots of the balloon flower and acts as an apoptosis inducer. It demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines through the blockade of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, Polygalacin D3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, making it a valuable reagent for cancer research applications.

Communic acid is a natural compound derived from the branches of Platycladus orientalis. This compound demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31 μM and an IC50 of 15 μM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Additionally, Communic acid shows protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging, making it a valuable candidate for research in dermatology and infectious disease studies.

Egg oil, a natural oil rich in cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acid glycerides, primarily targets gut microbiota. It has been shown to regulate gut microbial dysbiosis and alleviate conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic health and microbiome studies.

Yuanhuadin, a plant diterpenoid derived from Genkwa Flos Daphne genkwa, primarily targets the Akt/mTOR and EGFR signaling pathways. It exhibits significant antitumor activity by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic processes in cancer cells. This compound is valuable for researchers studying tumor biology, therapeutic interventions, and the underlying mechanisms of cancer progression.

(+)-Licarin is a natural compound derived from the leaves of Ocotea macrophylla Kunth and belongs to the class of octanoid neolignans. This compound exhibits significant biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is suitable for research applications in pharmacology and natural product chemistry, particularly in studies investigating therapeutic agents derived from plant sources.

Lupenone is a lupine-type triterpenoid that operates primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. It exhibits significant biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. This compound is valuable in research related to inflammation, viral infections, diabetes, and cancer therapeutics.

Tetrahydroalstonine is an indole alkaloid that acts as a selective antagonist of the α₂-adrenergic receptor. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective effects and has been shown to modulate autophagy-lysosomal function through the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, Tetrahydroalstonine significantly mitigates injury to primary cortical neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, making it a valuable tool for research into neuroprotection and cellular stress responses.

6'-Sialyllactose is a milk oligosaccharide known for its role in promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic strains. This compound exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, making it a valuable reagent for studying gut microbiota modulation and inflammatory responses. Additionally, 6'-Sialyllactose is linked to muscle health, providing insights into its potential applications in nutritional and biomedical research.

4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol-d8 is a deuterium-labeled analog of 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol, which acts as an estrogen receptor agonist and can bind competitively to thyroid hormone receptors. This compound is implicated in various biological activities including the promotion of glioblastoma through the upregulation of the EZH2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, chronic exposure may lead to lipid accumulation and dyslipidemia in liver tissues, potentially contributing to obesity at low doses. Research applications of 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol-d8 include studies on endocrine disruption, lipid metabolism disorders, and the investigation of inflammatory responses in the intestinal microbiome.

8-Prenylnaringenin is a prenyl flavonoid that primarily activates the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. This compound is known to upregulate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes II, III, and V, along with Sirt1, while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Its biological activities include ameliorating muscle atrophy, combating obesity, and inhibiting angiogenesis, as well as demonstrating anticancer properties against glioblastoma and colon cancer. Additionally, 8-prenylnaringenin plays a role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), making it relevant for bone health research.

Cannflavin B is a natural flavonoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with a primary mechanism as an inhibitor of PGE2 release, mPGES-1, and 5-lipoxygenase. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ferroptosis, anti-tumor, and anti-Leishmania effects, with an IC50 of 14 μM for Leishmania. Additionally, Cannflavin B has been shown to inhibit the TrkB-BDNF signaling pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and cancer biology.