Natural Products

Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and as a pharmaceutical preparation it is available for the treatment of nicotinism. It is a pyridine-like alkaloid that can be toxic in high doses. Pharmacologically it exhibits similar effects to nicotine due to structural similarity of the two molecules.

Dioscin (Collettiside III) is extracted and isolated from Polygonatum Zanlanscianense Pamp with IC50 of 2.6, 0.8, 7.5, and 4.5 μM for the inhibition of the growth of the MDA-MB-435, H14, HL60, and HeLa cell lines, respectively.

Diosmin is a semisynthetic phlebotropic agent and a member of the flavonoid family.

Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the enzymes (15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and delta-13-prostaglandin) that metabolize the prostaglandins PGE-2 and PGF-2α to their respective 15-keto-13,14-dihydro metabolites which are inactive.

Ergosterol is a sterol and a biological precursor (a provitamin) to vitamin D2. Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes, serving the same function that cholesterol serves in animal cells. Because ergosterol is present in fungal cell membranes yet absent in animal cell membranes, it is a useful target for antifungal drugs. .

Evodiamine is a chemical extracted from the Tetradium family of plants. It acts primarily as a thermogenic and stimulant.

Formononetin (Formononetol) is a phytoestrogen from the root of Astragalus membranaceus and an O-methylated isoflavone. It is used as a blood enhancer and to improve blood microcirculation in complementary and alternative medicine. It promotes endothelial repair and wound healing in a process involving the over-expression of Egr-1 transcription factor through the regulation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.

Fumalic acid(Ferulic acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a type of organic compound found in the Ferula assafoetida L. or Ligusticum chuanxiong. It has many pharmacology functions, such as anti-blood platelet collection , ease pain better the alive of prostate , relax the blood vessel convulsion.

Gastrodin (Gastrodine) is a polyphenol. It is the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin).

Gynostemma Extract is a saponins extract derived from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The increase of SGOT, SGPT activities in CCl4 liver injury were significantly reduced by treatment with Gypenoside. It also elevated the A/G ratio.

Hesperetin, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitor, is present in the traditional Chinese medicine, ?€?Chen Pi.?€? Hesperetin is a citrus flavonoid that has been reported to lower plasma cholesterol. Hesperetin reduces the transcription of ACAT-2 mRNA in Hep-G2 cells and reduces ApoB protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. It also is a potential therapy for carcinoid cancer.

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits.

Hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) acid is a secondary bile acid, one of the metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.

Icariin is inhibitory to all three PDE5 isoforms that inhibits PDE5A1, A2, and A3 with an IC50 value of 1.0, 0.75, and 1.1 microM, respectively.

Indirubin, the active constituent of a Chinese antileukaemia medicine, is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of about 5 μM and 0.6 μM.

Indole-3-carbinol is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables.

L(+)-Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose.

Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.

Luteolin is a PDE4 inhibitor, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and an interleukin 6 inhibitor, affecting xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice. Luteolin acts as a monoamine transporter activator, and is one of the few chemicals demonstrated to possess this property.

Magnolol (2,2'-Bichavicol) is a bioactive compound found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis).

Matrine((+)-Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora family. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Morin hydrate is a chemical compound. Morin can be used to test for the presence of aluminum or tin in a solution, since it forms characteristically fluorescent coordination complexes with them.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a naturally occurring flavonol, a flavonoid found in many grapes, berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, as well as other plants.

Naringin (Naringoside) is a flavanone glycoside and is a major flavonoid in grapefruit and gives the grapefruit juice its bitter taste.

Naringin Dihydrochalcone(Naringin DC) is a new-style sweetening agent and an artificial sweetener derived from naringin.

Flavanone glycoside with neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Does not inhibit oral carcinogenesis in a rat model unlike other citrus flavanones, but does exert a protective effect against gastritis and gastric lesions.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Nhdc) is a flavonoid sweetening agent with potent antioxidant activity.

Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid, widely distributed in food and medicinal plants, related to betulinic acid. It is relatively non-toxic, antitumor, and hepatoprotective, as well as exhibiting antiviral properties.

Oridonin (Isodonol), an entkaurane diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, is an important traditional Chinese herbal remedy.

Orotic acid(6-Carboxyuracil) is a heterocyclic compound and an acid.

Paeonol (Peonol) is a major component extracted from Chinese herbs moutan cortex and Cynanchum paniculatum .

Palmatine chloride is a protoberberine alkaloid that is isolated from medicinal herbs like Coptis chinensis Franch.

Parthenolide ((-)-Parthenolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone which occurs naturally in the plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).

Piperine (1-Piperoylpiperidine) is the alkaloid responsible for the pungency of black pepper and long pepper, along with chavicine (an isomer of piperine). It has also been used in some forms of traditional medicine and as an insecticide.

Quercetin inhibits many enzyme systems including tyrosine protein kinase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterases, mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C.

Rheochrysidin is one of the major components of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction used in the treatment of inflammation.

Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs, which has shown a variety of intriguing biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems.

Salicin(Salicoside, Salicine) is an alcoholic β-glycoside that contains D-glucose. Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent that is produced from willow bark. Salicin is closely related in chemical make-up to aspirin. When consumed, it is metabolized to salicylic acid.

Salidroside (Rhodioloside) is a glucoside of tyrosol found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It is thought to be one of the compounds responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic actions of this plant, along with rosavin.

Sclareol is a fragrant chemical compound found in clary sage (Salvia sclarea), from which it derives its name. It is classified as a bicyclic diterpene alcohol. Sclareol is used as a fragrance in cosmetics and perfumes and as flavoring in food. Sclareol and other similar substances may be prepared from sclareolide.Sclareol is also able to kill human leukemic cells and colon cancer cells by apoptosis.

Sclareolide (Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product .

Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.

Silibinin (silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarina compound extracted from the seeds of the herb milk thistle.

Silymarin (Silibinin B) inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder tumor growth and progression possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.

Sodium danshensu is a sodium salt of danshensu from the widely used Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that danshensu possessed diverse pharmacological effects, including relaxation of coronary artery, anticoagulation, protection of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmia activities

Solanesol is isolated from tobacco leaves, and is a high molecular weight isoprenoid alcohol.

Stigmasterol, which is readily obtainable from soybean oil, can be transformed easily to progesterone and to other hormones.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) is an amine compound commonly used for weight loss.

Tangeretin (Tangeritin) is an O-polymethoxylated flavone that is found in tangerine and other citrus peels. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) strengthens the cell wall and acts as a plant's defensive mechanism against disease-causing pathogens. Tangeretin (Tangeritin) also shows enormous potential as an anti cancer agent.

Tetrahydropapaverine, one of the TIQs and an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has been reported to have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons.