Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Ligand for E3 Ligase
CRBN ligand-530 is a ligand for the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase that facilitates the recruitment of CRBN to target proteins. This compound is designed for the development of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), allowing targeted degradation of specific proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Its application is valuable in chemical biology and therapeutic research, particularly in studies involving targeted protein modulation. -
Ligand for E3 Ligase
CRBN ligand-476 is a specific ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase cereblon (CRBN), facilitating the recruitment of the CRBN protein. This compound is designed to be conjugated to a target protein ligand through a linker, enabling the development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Its application in targeted protein degradation provides a valuable tool for research in cellular regulation and therapeutic development. -
Ligand for E3 Ligase
CRBN ligand-237 is a ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase cereblon (CRBN), facilitating the recruitment of the CRBN protein. It can be effectively utilized to link with a target protein ligand through a linker, enabling the formation of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). This compound is valuable for research applications involving targeted protein degradation and the study of ubiquitin-mediated pathways. -
E3 ligase ligand-Linker Conjugate
VH285-PEG4-C4-Cl is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that employs a halogenated connector within its 16-atom length linker. This compound combines the VH285-based VHL ligand with an alkyl/ether-based linker, demonstrating high efficacy as a degrader of GFP-HaloTag7 with a DC50 of 19 nM. VH285-PEG4-C4-Cl achieves approximately 90% degradation of GFP-HaloTag7 at a concentration of 625 nM and exhibits an IC50 value of 0.54 μM for binding to VHL. This compound is ideal for researchers investigating targeted protein degradation and E3 ligase interactions. -
neoDegrader-Linker Conjugate
MC-VC-PABC-amide-PEG1-CH2-CC-885 is a neoDegrader-Linker conjugate designed for targeted protein degradation through the GSPT1 degrader CC-885. This compound facilitates the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by enabling conjugation with antibodies such as DAR3.7, which specifically targets CD56. It is primarily utilized in research applications focused on cancer therapeutics and targeted degradation strategies. -
E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-PEG3-N3 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for use in PROTAC technology. This compound features the (S,R,S)-AHPC-based VHL ligand and a three-unit PEG linker, enabling efficient conjugation for targeted protein degradation. The presence of an azide group allows it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) and strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with alkyne-containing molecules or those featuring DBCO or BCN groups. Its applications include the development of targeted therapeutics and exploring the dynamics of protein regulation in various biological systems. -
Molecular Glue
Pomalidomide 5'-pip-acid is a molecular glue that functions as a dual-target PROTAC degrader, specifically targeting CBP/p300 and BRD4. It exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 2.73 nM. This compound is particularly relevant for research in prostate and colorectal cancer, offering a valuable tool for investigating targeted degradation pathways in oncogenesis. -
E3 Ligase Lgand-Linker Conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-Me-amide-C-O-PEG2-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for use in the synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This compound facilitates targeted degradation of specific proteins by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteasome system, enabling researchers to investigate protein function and modulation within cellular pathways. Its unique structure allows for efficient conjugation and enhances the bioavailability of PROTACs in various biological studies. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide-PEG4-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that combines the pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand with a four-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. This compound is designed for use in the development of PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras), facilitating targeted protein degradation. Its unique structure enables efficient binding to specific E3 ligases, making it a valuable tool for research in targeted therapy and protein management. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-Me-C6-NH2 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for the synthesis of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). This compound incorporates the VHL ligand, facilitating targeted protein degradation through the recruitment of E3 ligases. Its application in drug development provides a novel approach for modulating protein levels within cellular systems, making it valuable for researchers investigating targeted therapeutics. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-PEG1-C2-N3 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that combines a Pomalidomide-based cereblon ligand with a one-unit PEG linker, facilitating the development of PROTACs. This compound is particularly effective in creating selective CDK6 degrader molecules, such as CP-10, which induces CDK6 degradation with a DC50 of 2.1 nM. Additionally, Pomalidomide-PEG1-C2-N3 features an azide functionality that enables it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) and strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions, making it a versatile tool for click chemistry applications in chemical biology. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
(S,R,S)-AHPC-PEG5-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that utilizes the (S,R,S)-AHPC derived VHL ligand in conjunction with a five-unit PEG linker. This compound is primarily designed for use in PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras) technology, facilitating targeted protein degradation. Its key biological activity includes effective binding to E3 ligases, enhancing the recruitment of specific substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. This reagent is valuable for various research applications in the fields of targeted protein modulation and cancer therapeutics. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates Chemical
(S,R,S)-AHPC-CO-C9-acid functions as a ligand-linker conjugate targeting E3 ligases, facilitating the formation of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This compound enables the selective degradation of target proteins by linking a ligand to an E3 ligase, allowing for enhanced manipulation of cellular pathways. Its application is critical in chemical biology and drug discovery, particularly for studying protein interactions and degrading disease-associated proteins. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-PEG3-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that combines the cereblon ligand derived from Pomalidomide with a three-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker, essential for PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras) technology. This compound serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, featuring an azide group that facilitates copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-containing molecules. Additionally, it enables strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with DBCO or BCN functionalized compounds. Its unique properties make it valuable for targeted protein degradation research and related applications in chemical biology. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-PEG4-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that features the Pomalidomide-based cereblon ligand, combined with a PEG4 linker for use in PROTAC technology. This compound serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, capable of participating in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reactions with alkynyl-containing molecules, as well as enabling strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with DBCO or BCN groups. It is primarily utilized in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies and other bioconjugation applications. -
IAP Ligand
A 410099.1, amine-Boc hydrochloride, serves as a functionalized inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) ligand. This compound is instrumental in the synthesis of PROTACs, particularly those targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), exemplified by PROTACs 4 and 5. It is a valuable tool for researchers exploring targeted protein degradation and its applications in therapeutic development. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
VH032-PEG3-acetylene is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that integrates the VH032-based VHL ligand with a PEG3 linker, suitable for use in PROTAC technology. This compound features an alkyne group, allowing it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with azide-functionalized molecules. Its design facilitates the development of bifunctional molecules for targeted protein degradation studies and other applications in chemical biology research. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
(S,R,S)-AHPC-amido-C7-acid is a potent ligand-linker conjugate designed for targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL. It serves as a critical component in the development of PROTACs (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras), facilitating targeted protein degradation. This reagent supports the design and synthesis of PROTACs for various research applications, including protein regulation and therapeutic development. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide 4'-PEG3-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that combines the cereblon ligand derived from Pomalidomide with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. This compound plays a crucial role in the synthesis of iRucaparib-TP3, a potent PARP1 degrader utilizing the PROTAC strategy. Pomalidomide 4'-PEG3-azide serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, featuring an azide group that enables copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-containing molecules, as well as strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with DBCO or BCN-modified compounds. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-PEG2-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate featuring the cereblon ligand derived from Pomalidomide and a 2-unit PEG linker, utilized in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This compound serves as a click chemistry reagent, containing an azide group that enables copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with alkyne-containing molecules. Additionally, it supports strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with DBCO or BCN functionalized compounds, facilitating targeted protein degradation and expanding research capabilities in chemical biology and therapeutic development. -
Ligands for E3 Ligase
Lenalidomide 4'-PEG1-amine dihydrochloride serves as a ligand for E3 ligase, specifically targeting the Cereblon (CRBN) protein. This compound facilitates the recruitment of CRBN, enabling the development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Researchers can utilize this reagent to explore targeted protein degradation pathways and investigate potential therapeutic applications in various cancers and other diseases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide-PEG2-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Pomalidomide moiety known for its interaction with the cereblon protein and a two-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. This compound is designed for applications in PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimera) technology, enabling targeted protein degradation through the recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Its use facilitates the investigation of protein regulation and the modulation of cellular processes, making it a valuable tool for chemical biology research. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide 4'-PEG2-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that features a Pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand attached to a PEG2-based linker, facilitating targeted protein degradation through PROTAC technology. This compound contains an azide group, allowing it to participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) as well as strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) with alkyne-containing molecules. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers studying targeted protein degradation and exploring E3 ligase interactions. -
E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C6-PEG3-C4-Cl is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for targeted protein degradation. This compound features the (S,R,S)-AHPC-based VHL ligand linked via a 20-atom length alkyl/ether linker that includes a halogen group. (S,R,S)-AHPC-C6-PEG3-C4-Cl is effective in promoting the degradation of GFP-HaloTag7 in cell-based assays, facilitating research in protein turnover, cellular signaling, and therapeutic target modulation. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Lenalidomide-C5-NH2 hydrochloride is a compound designed to selectively bind Cereblon (CRBN), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, facilitating targeted protein degradation. This ligand-linker conjugate can be utilized to construct PROTACs, enabling the selective degradation of proteins such as MDM2. Its application is vital in drug discovery and development, especially in the study of complex cellular mechanisms and the therapeutic modulation of protein levels. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C8-NH2 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the VH032-based VHL ligand. This compound is designed to facilitate the development of PROTACs targeting AKT, enhancing targeted protein degradation pathways. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the nuances of E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination and protein regulation. -
E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate
Pomalidomide-C3-NHS ester is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for targeted protein degradation applications. This compound features a Pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand, providing specificity for the E3 ligase complex, coupled with an NHS ester linker for efficient conjugation to biomolecules. Its utility in molecular biology and drug discovery makes it an effective tool for studying protein interactions and cellular mechanisms. -
Molecular Glue Handle
(E)-JP-2-196 TFA is a molecular glue handle that specifically interacts with E3-ubiquitin ligases, including RNF126, LRSAM1, RNF40, MID2, and RNF14, in vitro. This compound facilitates the synthesis of molecular glue degraders, making it a valuable tool for studying targeted protein degradation and investigating ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways. Its unique binding capabilities lend themselves to various research applications in protein modulation and therapeutic development. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide-PEG1-C2-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that combines the cereblon-targeting properties of Pomalidomide with a one-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. This compound is designed for use in PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras) applications, enabling targeted protein degradation. Its structure facilitates the selective recruitment of E3 ligases, thus expanding the toolkit for researchers studying cellular protein regulation and therapeutic interventions. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide-PEG4-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates a pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand joined to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker of four units. This compound is designed for use in PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) technology, facilitating targeted protein degradation. Its unique structure allows for selective modulation of protein levels, making it a valuable tool in research applications focusing on cellular signaling pathways and cancer biology. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Lenalidomide-PEG1-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate featuring the Lenalidomide-based cereblon ligand. This compound facilitates the design of PROTACs, such as BRD4 Degrader-2, by promoting targeted protein degradation. Lenalidomide-PEG1-azide serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with alkyne-containing molecules, as well as strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with DBCO or BCN functionalized compounds. Suitable for applications in drug development and cellular biology research. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Lenalidomide-C4-NH2 hydrochloride is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that targets the Cereblon (CRBN) protein. This compound facilitates the recruitment of CRBN for targeted protein degradation applications through PROTAC technology. In studies, Lenalidomide-C4-NH2 hydrochloride has demonstrated potent anti-proliferative effects, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.98 nM and 13.7 nM against RS4;11 and MOLM-13 acute leukemia cell lines, respectively. This makes it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Lenalidomide-C5-acid is a conjugate comprising Lenalidomide and a C5-acid linker, designed for use in E3 ligase recruitment, specifically targeting the CRBN protein. This compound facilitates the synthesis of PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras), which are valuable tools for targeted protein degradation studies. Applications include research in cancer biology and therapeutic development through the modulation of protein levels within cells. -
Ligands for E3 Ligase
Lenalidomide 4'-PEG2-amine dihydrochloride is a Cereblon ligand that targets the CRBN protein, playing a crucial role in E3 ligase recruitment. This compound facilitates the development of PROTACs by linking to various target proteins through a suitable linker. It is valuable for research focused on regulated protein degradation pathways and the study of cellular processes influenced by E3 ligase activity. -
Ligands for E3 Ligase
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C2-PEG3-BCN is a ligand targeting E3 ligases, specifically the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase. It plays a vital role in the synthesis of PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras), which mediate targeted degradation of proteins within cells. This compound is intended for research applications in protein degradation and cellular regulation studies. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C4-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for targeted protein degradation applications. This compound features the (S,R,S)-AHPC-based ligand, which is essential for recruiting E3 ligase enzymes, and a specific linker that facilitates EED-targeted PROTAC development. Its utility in enhancing the selectivity and efficacy of protein degradation strategies makes it a valuable tool for chemical biology and therapeutic research. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide 4'-PEG5-acid is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate featuring a Pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand connected to a pentaglycine (PEG5) linker. This compound is designed for use in PROTAC technology, facilitating the targeted degradation of specific proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers studying protein interactions and therapeutic interventions in cancer and other diseases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide 4'-alkylC5-acid functions as an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate targeting cereblon (CRBN). This compound demonstrates significant potential in the development of PROTACs (Proteolysis-targeting chimeras), facilitating targeted protein degradation in cellular systems. It is a valuable tool for enhancing research in protein homeostasis and therapeutic applications in various diseases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Lenalidomide-propargyl-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that features a cereblon (CRBN) ligand, enabling targeted ubiquitination via the E3 ubiquitin ligase pathway. This compound serves as a critical component in the design of the PROTAC MD-224, facilitating targeted protein degradation. Additionally, Lenalidomide-propargyl-C2-NH2 hydrochloride functions as a click chemistry reagent, characterized by its alkyne group that allows for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with azide-containing molecules. Its unique properties make it valuable for research applications focused on protein modulation and degradation. -
Cereblon Ligand-linker
Pomalidomide-C7-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase cereblon ligand-linker conjugate. This compound facilitates targeted protein degradation by serving as an intermediate in the production of PROTAC BCL-XL degraders. It is utilized in research focusing on selective protein modulation and therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including cancer. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates Chemical
NJH-2-030 is a specialized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that facilitates targeted protein degradation through covalent recruitment of FEM1B. This compound is essential for exploring targeted protein degradation pathways and studying the dynamics of protein interactions in various biological contexts. Its application is particularly relevant in the fields of drug discovery and therapeutic development, where precise modulation of protein levels is crucial. -
E3 ligase ligand-Linker Conjugate
Pomalidomide-PEG1-azide is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Pomalidomide-based cereblon ligand along with a PEG1 linker. This compound serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, featuring an azide group that enables copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with alkyne-containing molecules, as well as strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with DBCO or BCN groups. Pomalidomide-PEG1-azide can be utilized in the design and synthesis of PROTACs, such as the BRD4 Degrader-1, facilitating targeted protein degradation research. -
Ligands for E3 Ligase
Lenalidomide 4'-PEG3-amine dihydrochloride is a selective ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cereblon (CRBN). This compound facilitates the recruitment of CRBN, enabling targeted protein degradation through the PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras) mechanism. Its application includes the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for various diseases by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteasome system for regulated protein turnover. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C6-NH2 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the VH032-derived VHL ligand, designed for use in PROTAC technology applications. This compound acts as a versatile tool in targeted protein degradation studies, facilitating the selective polyubiquitination of target proteins. Its robust properties make it suitable for various research applications focused on the modulation of protein activity through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. -
CRBN Ligand
Pomalidomide-5-C6-NH2 hydrochloride is a cereblon (CRBN) ligand derived from Pomalidomide. This compound functions by facilitating the recruitment of CRBN proteins, making it an essential tool for the development of PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras) constructs. Its ability to form linkages with target proteins through a linker enhances its utility in targeted protein degradation research, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in various diseases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate
Thalidomide-NH-C5-NH2 TFA functions as an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, incorporating a CRBN-based ligand along with a flexible linker. This compound is instrumental in the synthesis of PROTACs (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras), facilitating targeted protein degradation and enabling studies in cellular signaling pathways. Its application is valuable in drug discovery and development, particularly in addressing diseases linked to protein misfolding and degradation. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Lenalidomide-acetylene-C5-COOH serves as a ligand-linker conjugate targeting the E3 ligase Cereblon (CRBN). This compound facilitates the recruitment of CRBN and can be utilized to synthesize proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) by conjugating to protein ligands through a linker. As a click chemistry reagent featuring an alkyne group, Lenalidomide-acetylene-C5-COOH is designed for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc), enabling the efficient coupling with azide-containing molecules. This product is applicable in studies related to targeted protein degradation and novel therapeutic approaches in cancer research. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
(S,R,S)-AHPC-C2-NH2 dihydrochloride serves as a ligand-linker conjugate for the VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase. It facilitates the synthesis of PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) by providing a key structural component. This reagent is essential for studies involving targeted protein degradation and the development of novel therapeutic strategies employing E3 ligases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that utilizes a Pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand coupled with a three-unit polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. This compound is designed for applications in PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) technology, facilitating targeted protein degradation. Its unique structure enables selective engagement with the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, supporting research into protein modulation and therapeutic interventions in various diseases. -
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates
Pomalidomide-amido-C3-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that utilizes a Pomalidomide-derived cereblon ligand, facilitating targeted protein degradation through PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) technology. This reagent is designed to enhance the specificity and efficacy of protein modulation in cellular systems, making it valuable for studies in drug discovery and molecular biology. Its unique structure supports the development of innovative therapeutic strategies by utilizing E3 ligase-mediated pathways.
