Immunology & Inflammation

Items 301-350 of 3399

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  1. C3a receptor agonist

    C3a Receptor Agonist 1 (a benzeneacetamide derivative) is a potent agonist of the C3a receptor. It holds potential for research in acute inflammation and complement system–mediated responses.
  2. Cemdisiran is an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to suppress hepatic production of complement component 5 (C5). It is used in research focused on complement-mediated diseases.
  3. C5aR1 Agonist

    BM213 is a potent and selective agonist of C5aR1 that demonstrates antitumor activity in a mouse model of mammary carcinoma.
  4. C5a receptor agonist

    NDT 9513727 is a potent, selective, orally active, and competitive inverse agonist of the human C5a receptor (C5aR), with an IC₅₀ of 11.6 nM. It is suitable for research in human inflammatory diseases.
  5. Complement factor D inhibitor

    Pelecopan (BCX9930) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of complement factor D, with an IC₅₀ value of 14.3 nM. It targets factor D to prevent both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and is also applicable to other diseases mediated by the alternative complement pathway.
  6. C3aR ligand

    BR103 is a C3a receptor (C3aR)-specific small molecule ligand. It is useful for measuring ligand affinity to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through saturation and competitive binding assays.
  7. Tumor homing peptide

    LyP-1 is a cyclic 9-amino-acid tumor-homing peptide that selectively binds to p32 receptors, which are overexpressed on various tumor-associated cells.
  8. complement factor D (CFD) inhibitor

    Zoracopan is a selective inhibitor of complement factor D (CFD). Upon systemic administration (oral or intravenous), it preferentially accumulates in ocular tissues and is released in a sustained manner, primarily targeting the choroid–retinal pigment epithelium (C-RPE) and/or iridociliary body (I-CB).
  9. C5a receptor antagonist

    CP-447697 is a lipophilic C5a receptor antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 31 nM. It is suitable for research related to inflammation and complement system modulation.
  10. Campneoside II is a natural compound isolated from the wood of *Paulownia tomentosa* var. *tomentosa*. It exhibits potent anti-complement activity.
  11. C1q/MBL inhibitor

    PIC1 PA is a 15-amino-acid peptide and a potent analog of PIC1 that inhibits classical pathway–mediated complement activation. It functions by disrupting the interaction between C1s-C1r-C1r-C1s/MASPs and the collagen-like region (CLR) of C1q or MBL. PIC1 PA specifically binds to the CLR of C1q, with a mean equilibrium dissociation constant (K\_D) of 33.3 nM for purified C1q.
  12. NRP-1 targeting peptide

    tLyP-1 peptide is a neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) targeting peptide with an IC₅₀ of 4 μM and the amino acid sequence CGNKRTR. It specifically binds to NRP-1, enabling selective targeting of tumor cells.
  13. C5a receptor antagonist

    L-156602 is a C5a receptor antagonist that inhibits inflammation and blocks the migration of monocytes and neutrophils to sites of infiltration in mouse inflammatory models. It also suppresses the efferent phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH).
  14. complement factor D inhibitor

    Tarvicopan is an inhibitor for complement factor D.
  15. Complement factor B inhibitor

    Lanoracopan is a potent inhibitor of complement factor B, with an IC₅₀ of 1.2 μM. It is suitable for research in inflammation- and immunity-related diseases.
  16. C5a receptor inhibitor

    CP-289,503 is an inhibitor of the complement C5a receptor, with an IC₅₀ of 1 μM. The C5a receptor mediates pro-inflammatory signaling by binding to C5a, a complement activation product that stimulates leukocyte and phagocyte activation, upregulates integrins, and induces degranulation of inflammatory cells, contributing to endothelial damage. By blocking C5a signaling, CP-289,503 may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
  17. Kinases PROTAC/Nek9 Inhibitor

    DB0614 is a PROTAC molecule utilizing a cereblon ligand, designed as a selective and potent degrader of NEK9 and other kinases. It induces the degradation of multiple kinases, including ABL1, ABL2, BLK, CDK11B, CDK4, CSK, EPHA3, FER, GAK, LIMK1, MAP3K20, MAP4K1–3, MAP4K5, MAPK14, MAPK7–9, MAPKAPK2/3, NLK, PDIK1L, PTK2B, RIPK1, RPS6KA1/3, SIK2/3, STK35, TNK2, and ULK1. DB0614 is suitable for research involving diseases or disorders driven by aberrant kinase activity.
  18. NSUN2 inhibitor

    MY-1B is a covalent inhibitor of the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 (IC50: 1.3 μM), stereoselectively targeting active-site cysteine residues (C271). It also covalently binds to PSME1, disrupting the proteasome regulatory complex and downregulating specific MHC-I subtype presentation.
  19. CD38 inhibitor

    MK-0159 is an orally active, potent, and selective inhibitor of CD38, with IC₅₀ values of 22 nM for human, 3 nM for mouse, and 70 nM for rat CD38. It exhibits good microsomal stability in both human and rodent liver microsomes. MK-0159 effectively increases NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) levels and decreases ADPR (adenosine diphosphate ribose) concentrations in whole blood and heart tissue, making it a promising compound for research in metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-related diseases.
  20. CD11b agonist.

    ADH-503 ((Z)-Leukadherin-1 choline) is an orally active, allosteric agonist of CD11b, an integrin subunit expressed on myeloid cells. By activating CD11b, ADH-503 promotes the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, reduces the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells into tumors, and enhances dendritic cell responses. These immunomodulatory effects support its potential use in cancer immunotherapy.
  21. complement C3a antagonist

    JR14a is a potent thiophene-based antagonist of the human complement C3a receptor (C3aR). It exhibits high selectivity for C3aR over the C5a receptor and effectively suppresses C3aR-mediated inflammatory responses. JR14a is a valuable tool for studying the role of C3aR in immune regulation and inflammation-related diseases.
  22. Phaseoloidin is a homogentisic acid glucoside isolated from *Nicotiana attenuata* trichomes. It plays a defensive role in the plant's resistance against lepidopteran herbivores by significantly reducing the growth of both specialist (*Manduca sexta*) and generalist (*Spodoptera littoralis*) larvae. In addition to its insect-deterrent properties, phaseoloidin also exhibits anti-complement activity, suggesting potential immunomodulatory applications.
  23. IL-23 receptor antagonist

    Icotrokinra (JNJ-77242113) is an orally available and selective antagonist of the interleukin-23 (IL-23) receptor. It potently inhibits IL-23-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC₅₀ = 5.6 pM) and suppresses IL-23-induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in natural killer (NK) cells (IC₅₀ = 18.4 pM). Icotrokinra also demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in a rat TNBS-induced colitis model. It is a promising therapeutic candidate for the study and treatment of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  24. IL-1R antagonist

    Raleukin (AMG-719) is a recombinant, non-glycosylated human interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist. It functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of interleukin-1 (IL-1) to its receptor, thereby blocking IL-1–mediated pro-inflammatory signaling. As one of the first biological agents developed to inhibit IL-1 activity, Raleukin has potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  25. COX/LOX inhibitor

    Phenidone is an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It has been shown to ameliorate paralysis in rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis. Phenidone also acts as a potent hypotensive agent in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Additionally, it has a long-standing application as a photographic developer due to its redox properties.
  26. COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor

    Glafenine is a non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. It exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effects by suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, thereby reducing prostaglandin production. Additionally, glafenine induces cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and decreases the synthesis of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin. It is utilized in research related to inflammatory disorders, vascular restenosis, and cystic fibrosis.
  27. NOS inhibitor

    L-NMMA acetate (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate) is a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor that targets all three NOS isoforms: neuronal (nNOS/NOS1), endothelial (eNOS/NOS3), and inducible (iNOS/NOS2). It exhibits Ki values of approximately 0.18 µM for rat nNOS, 0.4 µM for human eNOS, and 6 µM for mouse iNOS, making it a valuable tool for studying nitric oxide–mediated physiological and pathological processes.
  28. TLR1/2 agonist

    CU-T12-9 is a specific and potent agonist of the Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) heterodimer, with an EC₅₀ of 52.9 nM in the HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay. It selectively activates TLR1/2 without affecting TLR2/6 and stimulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. CU-T12-9 signals through the NF-κB pathway, leading to elevated expression of downstream effectors such as TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS, making it a valuable tool for immunological and inflammatory research.
  29. IL-6 inhibitor

    LMT-28 is an orally active and the first synthetic interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor that acts by directly binding to gp130, a key signal-transducing component of the IL-6 receptor complex. It selectively inhibits IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK2, and gp130, exhibiting low toxicity. LMT-28 is a promising compound for research into IL-6-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  30. COX inhibitor

    Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active, non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. As the active enantiomer of ketoprofen, Dexketoprofen trometamol is commonly used for the management of pain and inflammation, and it is also under investigation for its potential anticancer properties.
  31. COX-2 inhibitor

    SC-58125 is a potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.04 μM. It demonstrates antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo and is effective in reducing inflammation-related edema. Additionally, SC-58125 possesses analgesic properties, making it a valuable compound for research in cancer, inflammation, and pain management.
  32. Balixafortide (POL6326) is a potent, selective, and well-tolerated peptidic antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor, with IC50 values below 10 nM. It demonstrates over 1000-fold selectivity for CXCR4 compared to other receptors, including CXCR7. Balixafortide effectively blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux, and is a strong mobilizer of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). It also exhibits anti-cancer activity, making it a promising candidate for oncology and hematology research.
  33. CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist

    Ladarixin (DF 2156A free base) is an orally active, allosteric, non-competitive antagonist of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. By blocking these receptors, Ladarixin inhibits neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory responses. It is under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
  34. CXCR antagonist

    LIT-927 is a locally and orally active CXCL12 neutraligand with anti-inflammatory properties. It binds to CXCL12 with a Ki of 267 nM, thereby preventing its interaction with the CXCR4 receptor. LIT-927 is a valuable tool for studying CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated signaling in inflammatory and immune-related conditions.
  35. HO-1 inhibitor

    Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPPIX) is a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in cellular stress responses and tumor progression. SnPPIX has been shown to sensitize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors to chemotherapy in mouse models, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and supporting its potential use as a chemosensitizing agent in cancer treatment.
  36. Nrf2 activator

    TAT-14 is a 14-mer peptide that functions as a Nrf2 activator with anti-inflammatory properties. It does not alter Nrf2 mRNA expression but increases Nrf2 protein levels by targeting the Nrf2 binding site on Keap1, thereby stabilizing Nrf2 and promoting its activation.
  37. PPAR agonist

    Lobeglitazone sulfate is a novel thiazolidinedione and an orally active agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), with EC50 values of 137.4 nM for PPARγ and 546.3 nM for PPARα. It also acts as an inhibitor of the ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathways. Lobeglitazone sulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities, supporting its potential in the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
  38. 6-Demethoxytangeretin is a flavonoid compound isolated from *Citrus reticulata* with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. It inhibits IL-6 production and the expression of related genes in human mast cells by modulating the ALK and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, 6-Demethoxytangeretin enhances CRE-mediated transcription in hippocampal neurons, indicating potential neuroregulatory effects.
  39. Molecular glues

    ERAS-0015 (Pan-RAS-IN-2) is a molecular glue that targets RAS by promoting the formation of ternary complexes with cyclophilin A (CYPA) and active RAS (ON) proteins. This interaction disrupts the binding of RAF to RAS, thereby inhibiting downstream signaling. Pan-rasin-2 exhibits significant antiproliferative activity in RAS-mutant cell lines and shows promise as an anti-tumor agent.
  40. PGAM1 inhibitor

    HKB99 is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) that induces apoptosis and suppresses cell migration by inhibiting the formation of invasive pseudopodia. It increases oxidative stress, activates the JNK/c-Jun pathway, and downregulates AKT and ERK signaling. HKB99 is a promising compound for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  41. 7-Hydroxyflavone is an orally active flavonoid isolated from *Clerodendrum phlomidis*, exhibiting notable anti-inflammatory activity. It protects renal cells from nicotine-induced cytotoxicity through activation of the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits PKM2 with an IC50 of 2.12 μM, and suppresses COX-2 and 5-LOX with IC50 values of 27 μg/mL and 33 μg/mL, respectively.
  42. ALK/ROS1 inhibitor

    Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) is an orally active and selective ALK/ROS1 inhibitor that effectively blocks tyrosine autophosphorylation of ALK, mutant ALK, and EGFR, with IC50 values ranging from 5.38 to 16.74 nM. Additionally, it inhibits the transport activity of MATE1, MATE2K, P-gp, and BCRP. Iruplinalkib is under investigation for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  43. α-Amyrin is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid that activates the ERK and GSK-3β signaling pathways. It is studied for its potential in treating metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose diet and cognitive dysfunction associated with reduced cholinergic neurotransmission.
  44. Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid) is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid found in various plant oils and nuts. It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibiting the PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Gondoic acid is also utilized as a raw material in medical applications and as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic formulations.
  45. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibitor

    Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that significantly downregulates pro-apoptotic molecules, including caspase-3 and caspase-12. Additionally, it suppresses ERK signaling, contributing to its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects.
  46. KRASG12C inhibitor

    RMC-4998 is an orally active inhibitor that selectively targets the active, GTP-bound state of the KRAS^G12C mutant. It forms a ternary complex with intracellular cyclophilin A (CYPA) and activated KRAS^G12C, exhibiting an IC50 of 28 nM. RMC-4998 suppresses ERK signaling and induces apoptosis in KRAS^G12C-mutant cancer cells, making it a valuable candidate for tumor research.
  47. NSAID/COX inhibitor

    Fenoprofen (LILLY-53858) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. In addition to its classical NSAID activity, Fenoprofen has been identified as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of melanocortin receptors (MCRs), enhancing MCR-mediated signaling. Fenoprofen also promotes ERK1/2 activation in HEK293T cells, suggesting additional modulation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cellular proliferation.
  48. ERK MAPK Modulator

    ACA-28 (compound 2a) is a potent modulator of the ERK MAPK signaling pathway that exerts anticancer effects through a unique mechanism involving ERK hyperactivation. Rather than inhibiting ERK activity directly, ACA-28 induces sustained ERK activation, which paradoxically triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. It demonstrates selective cytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) with an IC₅₀ of 5.3 μM, while showing lower toxicity toward normal human melanocytes (NHEM), with an IC₅₀ of 10.1 μM. ACA-28's ability to exploit ERK signaling dysregulation for selective induction of apoptosis makes it a promising candidate for further development in cancer therapy, particularly in ERK-dependent malignancies.
  49. Autophagy inducer

    Cearoin is a bioactive compound that promotes both autophagy and apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activating the ERK signaling pathway. Through this dual mechanism, cearoin contributes to the regulation of cellular stress responses and programmed cell death. Its ability to modulate these processes makes it a valuable candidate for research in cancer biology and other diseases involving dysregulated autophagy or apoptosis.
  50. NLRP3 antagonist

    NVP-DFV890 (Compound 102) is a selective NLRP3 inhibitor that antagonizes NLRP3 inflammasome activity. It is a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic approaches in osteoarthritis research.

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