Immunology & Inflammation

Fenbufen is an orally active phenylalkanoic derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.

Escin is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).

Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Diflunisal is a salicylic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

APY0201 is a potent and selective IL-12/23 inhibitor.

TPO agonist 1 can increase production of platelets by stimulating the TPO receptor in people with chronic ITP.

CDDO-EA is an activator of Nrf2/ARE; Neuroprotective effect.

NK-252 is a Nrf2 activator, exhibits a greater Nrf2-activating potential than OPZ.

Prostaglandin F2α is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine to induce labor and as an abortifacient.

ATI-2341, pepducin targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) (EC50 = 194 nM, is an allosteric agonist activating the inhibitory heterotrimeric G protein (Gi) to promote inhibition of cAMP production and induce calcium mobilization.

ZK-756326 is a potent, selective and non-peptide CCR8 chemokine receptor agonist. ZK 756326 inhibited the binding of the CCR8 ligand I-309 (CCL1), with an IC(50) value of 1.8 μM.

Amfenac Sodium monohydrate is a non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug with acetic acid moiety. The IC50 values for COX1 and COX2 is 250 nM and 150 nM, respectively.

Ampiroxicam is a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor uesd as anti-inflammatory drug.

AS101, a potent in vitro and in vivo immunomodulator, is a novel inhibitor of IL-1beta converting enzyme.

Carprofen reduces inflammation by inhibition of COX-2 and other sources of inflammatory prostaglandins, does not interfere with COX-1 activity.

Deferiprone is the only orally active iron-chelating drug to be used therapeutically in conditions of transfusional iron overload.

Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

Diclofenac diethylamine is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor.

Fenoprofen Calcium hydrate is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory antiarthritic agent.

Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.

Nodinitib-1 (ML130;CID-1088438) is a NOD1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.56 μM.

Sodium Salicylate (Salicylic acid sodium salt) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation. Sodium Salicylate is also a S6K inhibitor.Sodium Salicylate is a NF-κB inhibitor that decreases inflammatory gene expression and improves repair in aged muscle.

CB-1158, also known as INCB01158, is a potent and orally active arginase inhibitor with IC50=89 nM

ADU-S100 (MIW815) is a synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonist (activator) of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), a receptor crucial to activate the innate (endogenous) immune system.

Brusatol is a biochemical, isolated from the Brucea javanica plant, that inhibits Nrf2.

Trolox is an antioxidant like vitamin E and it is used to reduce oxidative stress or damage.

CY-09 is a NLRP3 inhibitor with Kd value of 500 nM. It directly binds to ATP-binding motif of NLRP3 NACHT domain.

AX-024 is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

CB-1158, also known as INCB01158, is a potent and orally active arginase inhibitor with IC50=89 nM) .

MCLA is a Cypridina luciferin analog that is used to detect superoxide generated by activated leukocytes and macrophages.

PMX-205 is a cyclic hexapeptide that acts as a potent antagonist of C5a receptor (C5aR; IC50 = 31 nM).

NECA is a high-affinity adenosine receptor agonist (Ki values are 6.2, 14, and 20 nM for human A3, A1 and A2A receptors respectively; EC50 = 2.4 μM for human A2B).

Glutathione oxidized, or GSSG, results from glutathione undergoing oxidation. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, a process that concurrently generates GSSG. This oxidized form of glutathione is pivotal in studies concerning sickle cells and erythrocytes, where it's utilized for research purposes.

Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant that is widely used in animal feed to protect against lipid peroxidation and fat rancidity in chicken, salmon, and beef.

TLR7-agonist-1 is a potent and selective Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with a LEC of 0.4 μM.

Cenicriviroc, also known as TAK-652 and TBR-652, is an inhibitor of CCR2 and CCR5 receptors, allowing it to function as an entry inhibitor which prevents the virus from entering into a human cell. CAS: 199673-74-0(LY 334370 hydrochloride); 182563-08-2 (LY 334370 Free Base)

BMS-813160 is a potent and selective CCR2/CCR5 antagonist with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities.

Gardiquimod is a chemical compound which acts selectively at both mouse and human forms of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). It functions as an immune response modifier. CAS: 1159840-61-5 (TFA) 1020412-43-4 (free base)

Dexamethasone Phosphate disodium is a is a water-soluble form of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone.

Mitoquinone is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage.

SAFit2 is a selective inhibitor of the ?FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51).

Timegadine, a new antiinflammatory agent, is found to be a potent, competitive inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and lipo-oxygenase, with IC50s ranging from 5 nM (washed rabbit platelets) to 20 μM (rat brain) for COX and 100 μM for lipo-oxygenase both in the cytosol fraction of horse platelet homogenates, and in washed rabbit platelets.

E6446 dihydrochloride is a robust antagonist for TLR7 and TLR9, with potential applications in studying harmful inflammatory responses. Additionally, it acts as a significant inhibitor of SCD1 with a KD of 4.61 μM. This compound can notably suppress adipogenic differentiation and liver lipogenesis via the SCD1-ATF3 pathway. Studies have indicated that E6446 dihydrochloride can enhance liver pathology in mice on a high-fat diet, making it a potential candidate for researching non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

MSX-130 is CXCR4 antagonist.

NSC-23026 is a CXCR4 receptor modulator.

TLR2-IN-C29 is an inhibitor of TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 signaling.

ML-385 is an inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with IC50 value of 1.9 μM.

AF 12198 is a potent and selective antagonist for the human type I interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor.

Firocoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the COX-2 inhibitor class, currently approved for use in dogs and horses.

Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.